恶热非热，明是虚证。《经》曰∶阴虚则发热。阳在外，为阴之卫；阴在内，为阳之守
。精神外弛，淫欲无节，阴气耗散，阳无所附，遂致浮散于肌表之间而恶热也。当作阴虚火
动治之。
恶寒非寒，明是热证。亦有久服热药而得者。河间谓火极似水，热甚而反觉自冷，实非
寒也。有用热药而少愈者，卒能发散郁遏暂开耳。又曰∶火热内炽，寒必荡外，故恶寒实非
寒症。
凡背恶寒甚者，脉浮而无力者阳虚也，用参 之类，加附子少许。妇人六月恶寒之极，
怕风，虽穿棉袄亦不觉热，此火极似水也。六脉洪数，小水赤少。余以皮硝五钱，温水化服
而愈。
脉∶汗脉浮虚，或濡或涩。自汗在寸，盗汗在尺。自汗大忌生姜，以其开腠理故也。
盗汗者，属阴虚，睡中而出，醒则止也。
当归六黄汤 治盗汗之圣药也。
当归 黄 （各一钱） 生地黄 熟地黄 黄柏 黄芩 黄连（各七分）
上锉一剂。水煎，通日服。
当归地黄汤 治盗汗属气血两虚者。
当归 熟地 生地 白芍（酒炒，各一钱） 人参（五分） 白术（去芦，一钱） 茯苓（去皮） 黄
（蜜炙，各一钱） 黄柏（蜜水炒） 知母（蜜水炒） 陈皮（各八分） 甘草（三分）
上锉一剂。枣一枚，浮小麦一撮，水煎，温服。
自汗者，属阳虚，时常而出也。
参 汤 治自汗。
人参（去芦） 黄 （蜜炒） 白术（去芦） 茯苓（去皮） 当归（酒洗） 熟地（各一钱） 甘草
（炙，二分） 加白芍（酒炒） 酸枣仁 牡蛎（ ，各一钱） 陈皮（七分） 乌梅（一个）
上锉一剂。枣二枚，浮小麦一撮，水煎，温服。
盗汗，自汗者，宜实腠理也。
白龙汤 治男子失精，女子梦交，自汗，盗汗等症。
桂枝 白芍（酒炒） 龙骨（ ） 牡蛎（ ，各三钱） 甘草（炙，三钱）
上锉一剂。枣二枚，水煎服。
四制白术散
白术（四两） 黄 （炒一两），石斛（炒一两），牡蛎（炒一两），麦麸（炒一两）
止用白术，为末。每服三钱，粟米汤调服。
文蛤散 治自汗盗汗。五倍子（为末）用津唾调，填满脐中，以绢帛系缚。一宿即止
。加白枯矾末，尤妙。
又方 用何首乌末津唾调，填脐中。即止。
心汗者，心孔有汗，别处无也，名曰心汗。因忧思悲恐惊、劳伤、郁结而成。
茯苓补心汤 治心汗症。
茯苓 人参 白术 当归 生地黄 酸枣仁 白芍 麦门冬 陈皮 黄连（炒，各等分）
辰砂（研末，临服调入，五分） 甘草（三分）
上锉一剂。枣二枚，乌梅一个，浮小麦一撮，水煎，食远服。
头汗者，邪搏诸阳之首也。其症渴饮浆水、小便不利，此温热也，必发黄。用茵陈汤或
五苓散，二药之分，为有虚实故也。
大汗发润，喘而不止者，死也。
黄汗者，汗出染衣，黄如柏汁是也。问曰∶黄汗之为病，身体肿，发热汗出而渴，状如
风水，汗染衣，色正黄如柏汁，脉沉，何从得之?师曰∶以汗出时入水中，浴水从汗孔入得
之。宜服二仙酒。
二仙酒
黄 （蜜炒） 白芍（酒炒，各五钱） 桂枝（三钱）
上锉一剂。水煎，温服。
《原病式》曰∶心热则汗出，亦有火气上蒸胃中之湿，亦作汗，凉膈散主之（方见火证）
一自汗不休，因内伤及一切虚损之症所得者，用补中益气汤，柴胡、升麻俱用蜜水炒，
少加制附子、麻黄根、浮小麦（方见补益）。
若阳盛阴虚盗汗者，用当归六黄汤（方见前）。
若阳气虚弱，汗出不止、肢体倦怠，用参附汤（方见眩晕）。
若上热喘急、盗汗气短头晕者，用参附汤（方见眩晕）。
若肾气虚弱，盗汗发热者，用六味丸（方见补益）。
若肾气虚乏盗汗恶寒者，用八味丸（方见补益）。
若气血俱虚而盗汗者，用十全大补汤（方见补益）。
治脚汗方
白矾（五钱） 干葛（五钱）
为末。水煎，逐日洗。连五日，自然无汗。
恶热并非实热，明确是虚证。《黄帝内经》说：阴虚则发热。阳气在外，作为阴气的卫护；阴气在内，作为阳气的守持。如果精神外散，淫欲无节制，导致阴气耗散，阳气无所依附，于是浮散于肌表之间，从而出现怕热的症状。应当当作阴虚火动来治疗。
恶寒并非实寒，明确是热证。也有因长期服用热性药物而导致的。刘河间认为火极似水，热势极盛反而觉得身体发冷，实际上并不是寒证。有用热药治疗后稍微好转的，那只是暂时发散开了郁结遏阻之气罢了。又说：火热在体内炽盛，寒气必然被排斥于体外，所以恶寒实际上不是寒症。
凡是背部特别怕冷的，脉象浮而无力，这是阳虚，用人参之类药物，加少许附子。妇女在六月天怕冷到了极点，怕风，即使穿棉袄也不觉得热，这是火极似水的表现。六脉洪大数急，小便短赤量少。我用皮硝五钱，温水化开服用而痊愈。
脉象方面：汗证的脉象多浮虚，或濡软，或涩滞。自汗多见于寸脉，盗汗多见于尺脉。自汗患者大忌用生姜，因为生姜会开发腠理的缘故。
盗汗属于阴虚，睡着时出汗，醒来后汗止。
当归六黄汤是治疗盗汗的圣药。
当归、黄芪（各一钱），生地黄、熟地黄、黄柏、黄芩、黄连（各七分）。
以上药材锉成粗末，为一剂。加水煎煮，全天分次服用。
当归地黄汤治疗盗汗属于气血两虚者。
当归、熟地、生地、白芍（酒炒，各一钱），人参（五分），白术（去芦头，一钱），茯苓（去皮），黄芪（蜜炙，各一钱），黄柏（蜜水炒），知母（蜜水炒），陈皮（各八分），甘草（三分）。
以上药材锉成粗末，为一剂。加枣一枚，浮小麦一撮，加水煎煮，温服。
自汗属于阳虚，时常出汗。
参芪汤治疗自汗。
人参（去芦头）、黄芪（蜜炒）、白术（去芦头）、茯苓（去皮）、当归（酒洗）、熟地（各一钱），甘草（炙，二分），加白芍（酒炒）、酸枣仁、牡蛎（煅，各一钱），陈皮（七分），乌梅（一个）。
以上药材锉成粗末，为一剂。加枣二枚，浮小麦一撮，加水煎煮，温服。
盗汗、自汗患者，适宜充实腠理。
白龙汤治疗男子遗精，女子梦交，自汗，盗汗等症状。
桂枝、白芍（酒炒）、龙骨（煅）、牡蛎（煅，各三钱），甘草（炙，三钱）。
以上药材锉成粗末，为一剂。加枣二枚，加水煎煮服用。
四制白术散
白术（四两），黄芪（炒一两），石斛（炒一两），牡蛎（炒一两），麦麸（炒一两）。
只用白术，研为细末。每次服用三钱，用粟米汤调服。
文蛤散治疗自汗盗汗。五倍子（研为细末）用津液唾液调和，填满肚脐中，用绢帛系缚固定。一夜即可止汗。加入白枯矾末，效果更佳。
又一方：用何首乌末，津液唾液调和，填在肚脐中。即止汗。
心汗是指心口部位有汗，别处没有，名叫心汗。因忧思悲恐惊、劳伤、郁结而成。
茯苓补心汤治疗心汗症。
茯苓、人参、白术、当归、生地黄、酸枣仁、白芍、麦门冬、陈皮、黄连（炒，各等分），辰砂（研末，临服调入，五分），甘草（三分）。
以上药材锉成粗末，为一剂。加枣二枚，乌梅一个，浮小麦一撮，加水煎煮，饭后远时服用。
头汗是指邪气搏结于诸阳之首（头部）。其症状是口渴想喝浆水、小便不利，这是温热病，必定发黄。用茵陈汤或五苓散，这两种药的区别在于有虚实之分。
大汗淋漓且头发湿润，气喘不止的，是死证。
黄汗是指汗出染衣，颜色黄如黄柏汁。问曰：黄汗这种病，身体肿胀，发热出汗且口渴，状如风水病，汗染衣服，颜色正黄如黄柏汁，脉沉，是怎么得的？老师说：是因为出汗时进入水中，洗澡水从汗孔进入而得病的。宜服用二仙酒。
二仙酒
黄芪（蜜炒）、白芍（酒炒，各五钱），桂枝（三钱）。
以上药材锉成粗末，为一剂。加水煎煮，温服。
《原病式》说：心热则汗出，也有火气上蒸胃中之湿，也形成汗，用凉膈散主治（方见火证）。
一、自汗不休，因内伤及一切虚损之症所得的，用补中益气汤，柴胡、升麻都用蜜水炒，少加制附子、麻黄根、浮小麦（方见补益）。
如果是阳盛阴虚导致的盗汗，用当归六黄汤（方见前）。
如果是阳气虚弱，汗出不止、肢体倦怠，用参附汤（方见眩晕）。
如果是上热喘急、盗汗气短头晕者，用参附汤（方见眩晕）。
如果是肾气虚弱，盗汗发热者，用六味丸（方见补益）。
如果是肾气虚乏盗汗恶寒者，用八味丸（方见补益）。
如果是气血俱虚而盗汗者，用十全大补汤（方见补益）。
治脚汗方
白矾（五钱），干葛（五钱）。
研为细末。加水煎煮，每日清洗。连续五日，自然无汗。
Heat intolerance is not due to excess heat, but clearly indicates a deficiency syndrome. The *Classic* states: "Yin deficiency generates internal heat." Yang resides on the exterior and serves as the guard of Yin; Yin resides within and serves as the anchor of Yang. When spirit wanders outward and sexual desires are unrestrained, Yin Qi (Vital Energy) dissipates, leaving Yang without an anchor. Consequently, Yang floats and scatters between the muscle layers and skin surface, resulting in heat intolerance. Treatment should focus on nourishing Yin and subduing deficient fire.
Cold intolerance is not due to excess cold, but clearly indicates a heat syndrome. It may also result from long-term consumption of hot-natured medicines. Liu Hejian stated that extreme fire resembles water; when heat is severe, one may feel cold internally, which is actually not a cold syndrome. Some cases improve slightly with hot medicines, but this is merely because the stagnant and constrained Qi has been temporarily dispersed. Furthermore, when fire-heat blazes within, cold is driven to the exterior; thus, cold intolerance is essentially not a cold syndrome.
For those with severe cold intolerance specifically on the back, accompanied by a floating and forceless pulse, this indicates Yang deficiency. Use herbs like Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), adding a small amount of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi). Women experiencing extreme cold intolerance in June, fearing wind, and feeling no warmth even when wearing cotton-padded jackets, exhibit the pattern of "extreme fire resembling water." Their six pulses are surging and rapid, with scanty dark urine. I cured such a case by administering five qian of Natrii Sulfas (Pixiao), dissolved in warm water.
Regarding pulses: Pulses associated with sweating disorders are typically floating and deficient, or soggy or choppy. Spontaneous sweating (Zihan) is often indicated at the Cun position, while night sweating (Daohan) is indicated at the Chi position. Ginger is strictly contraindicated for spontaneous sweating because it opens the interstices (Couli). Night sweating belongs to Yin deficiency; sweat occurs during sleep and stops upon waking. Danggui Liuhuang Tang (Angelica Sinensis and Six Huang Decoction) is the supreme remedy for night sweating.
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Huangqi (Radix Astragali Membranacei) (1 qian each); Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Preparata), Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) (0.7 qian each).
Grind into coarse powder for one dose. Decoct in water and take throughout the day.
Danggui Dihuang Tang (Angelica and Rehmannia Decoction) treats night sweating due to dual deficiency of Qi and Blood.
Danggui (1 qian), Shudi (1 qian), Shengdi (1 qian), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, wine-fried, 1 qian); Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 qian); Baizhu (Radix Atractylodis Macrocephalae, rhizome removed, 1 qian); Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae cocos, peel removed); Huangqi (1 qian, honey-roasted); Huangbai (0.8 qian, honey-water fried); Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis, honey-water fried, 0.8 qian); Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, 0.8 qian); Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis, roasted, 0.3 qian).
Grind into coarse powder for one dose. Add one jujube and a pinch of Triticum aestivum var. Vulgare (Fuxiaomai). Decoct in water and take warm.
Spontaneous sweating belongs to Yang deficiency and occurs frequently.
Shenqi Tang (Ginseng and Astragalus Decoction) treats spontaneous sweating.
Renshen (rhizome removed), Huangqi (honey-roasted), Baizhu (rhizome removed), Fuling (peel removed), Danggui (wine-rinsed), Shudi (1 qian each); Gancao (roasted, 0.2 qian); add Baishao (wine-fried), Suanzaoren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae), Muli (Concha Ostreae, calcined, 1 qian each); Chenpi (0.7 qian); Wumei (Fructus Mume, one piece).
Grind into coarse powder for one dose. Add two jujubes and a pinch of Fuxiaomai. Decoct in water and take warm.
For night sweating and spontaneous sweating, it is appropriate to consolidate the interstices (Couli).
Bailong Tang (White Dragon Decoction) treats seminal emission in men, dream intercourse in women, spontaneous sweating, and night sweating.
Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae), Baishao (wine-fried), Longgu (Os Draconis, calcined), Muli (Concha Ostreae, calcined, 3 qian each); Gancao (roasted, 3 qian).
Grind into coarse powder for one dose. Add two jujubes. Decoct in water and take.
Sizhi Baizhu San (Four-Processed Atractylodes Powder)
Baizhu (4 liang), Huangqi (1 liang, roasted), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis, roasted, 1 liang), Muli (1 liang, roasted), Maifan (Triticum frumentum husk, roasted, 1 liang).
Use only Baizhu, grind into fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with millet soup.
Wenge San (Clam Shell Powder) treats spontaneous and night sweating. Wubeizi (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae, powdered) is mixed with saliva and applied to fill the umbilicus, then bound with silk cloth. Sweating stops overnight. Adding Bai Kufan (Alumen Rubrum) powder is especially effective.
Another prescription: Use Hemashouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix) powder mixed with saliva, applied to the umbilicus. Sweating stops immediately.
Heart sweating (Xinhan) refers to sweating localized at the heart region, with no sweat elsewhere. It arises from worry, overthinking, sorrow, fear, fright, fatigue, injury, and emotional stagnation.
Fuling Buxin Tang (Poria Nourishing Heart Decoction) treats heart sweating.
Fuling, Renshen, Baizhu, Danggui, Shengdi, Suanzaoren, Baishao, Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis Japonici), Chenpi, Huanglian (roasted, equal parts); Chensha (Cinnabar, powdered, added just before taking, 0.5 qian); Gancao (0.3 qian).
Grind into coarse powder for one dose. Add two jujubes, one Wumei, and a pinch of Fuxiaomai. Decoct in water and take well after meals.
Head sweating occurs when pathogenic factors clash with the head, the summit of all Yang meridians. Symptoms include thirst for fluids and dysuria; this indicates warm-heat pathogens, which will likely lead to jaundice. Use Yinchin Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction) or Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). The choice between these two depends on whether the condition is excess or deficiency.
Profuse sweating with wet hair and unceasing panting indicates a fatal prognosis.
Yellow sweat (Huanghan) stains clothing yellow, like juice from Phellodendron bark. Question: In the disease of yellow sweat, the body swells, fever occurs with sweating and thirst, resembling wind-water edema; sweat stains clothes bright yellow like Phellodendron juice, and the pulse is deep. How is this contracted? The Master said: It is contracted when one enters water while sweating; bathwater enters through the open pores. Erxian Jiu (Two Immortals Wine) is suitable.
Erxian Jiu
Huangqi (honey-roasted), Baishao (wine-fried, 5 qian each); Guizhi (3 qian).
Grind into coarse powder for one dose. Decoct in water and take warm.
The *Yuanbing Shi* states: Heat in the Heart causes sweating. Also, fire qi steaming upward dampness in the Stomach can produce sweat; treat with Liangge San (Cool the Upper Jiao Powder) (see Fire Syndrome section).
1. For unceasing spontaneous sweating caused by internal injury and all types of deficiency syndromes, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). Use Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri) and Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae Foetidae) honey-fried, with a small addition of Zhifuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Mahuanggen (Radix Ephedrae), and Fuxiaomai (see Tonification section).
If night sweating is due to Yang excess and Yin deficiency, use Danggui Liuhuang Tang (see above).
If Qi and Yang are weak, with continuous sweating and limb fatigue, use Shenfu Tang (Ginseng and Aconite Decoction) (see Vertigo section).
If there is upper heat with panting, night sweating, shortness of breath, and dizziness, use Shenfu Tang (see Vertigo section).
If Kidney Qi is weak, with night sweating and fever, use Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill) (see Tonification section).
If Kidney Qi is deficient, with night sweating and cold intolerance, use Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) (see Tonification section).
If both Qi and Blood are deficient, with night sweating, use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten Substance Great Tonifying Decoction) (see Tonification section).
Prescription for Foot Sweat
BaiFan (Alumen, 5 qian), Gange (Radix Puerariae Lobatae, 5 qian).
Grind into powder. Decoct in water and wash feet daily. Continue for five days, and sweating will naturally cease.