夫血犹水也，水由地中行，百川皆理，则无壅决之虞；血之周流于人身荣经府俞，外不
为四气所伤，内不为七情所郁，自然顺适。万一微爽节宣，必至壅闭，故血不得循经流注，
荣养百脉，或泣或散，或下而亡反，或逆而上溢，乃有吐、衄、便、利、汗、痰诸证生焉。
十种走失，无重于斯，随证别之，乃可施治。
病者因伤风寒暑湿，流传经络，阴阳相胜，故血得寒则凝泣，得热则淖溢，各随脏腑经
络涌泄于清气道中，衄出一升一斗者，皆外所因。治之各有方。
治伤风汗下不解，郁于经络，随气涌泄，衄出清血；或清气道闭，流入
胃管，吐出清血，遇寒泣之，色必瘀黑者。
桂心 白芍药 栝蒌根 甘草(炙) 川芎（各等分）
上为锉散。每服四大钱，水一盏半，姜三片，枣一枚，煎至七分，去滓服。头痛加石膏。
治伤寒发热，解利不行，血随气壅，世谓红汗者是也。
麻黄(去节汤，二两半) 升麻（一两一分） 黄芩 芍药 甘草(生) 石膏( ) 茯苓（各一两）
上锉散。每服四大钱，水一盏半，姜三片，煎七分，去滓热服，微汗解。
治伏暑饮热，暑气流入经络，壅溢发衄；或胃气虚，血渗入胃，停留不散，吐
出一二升许。(方见伤暑门。治衄则以茆花煎汤下，屡用得效)
血液就像水一样，水在地面之下流动，如果百川都通畅有序，就不会有堵塞决堤的忧患；血液在人体的荣经和腑俞中周流运行，外不受风、寒、暑、湿四气伤害，内不被喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七情郁结，自然顺畅舒适。万一稍微失调失节，必然导致壅塞闭阻，因此血液不能沿着经脉流注，荣养全身血脉，或者凝涩不行，或者散乱溢出，或者向下流失而亡血，或者逆向上涌而溢血，于是就有吐血、鼻衄、便血、尿血、汗血、痰中带血等各种证候产生。这十种血液走失的病证，没有比这更严重的了，根据具体证候辨别清楚，然后才能施治。
患者因为受到风、寒、暑、湿邪气侵袭，邪气流传于经络，阴阳相互偏胜，所以血液遇到寒气就会凝涩不通，遇到热气就会泛滥溢出，各自随着脏腑经络的气机涌动泄出，从鼻腔流出清血的，都是外因所致。治疗各有相应的方剂。
治疗因伤风后发汗或攻下法未能解除病邪，邪气郁结在经络，随气机涌动泄出，导致鼻孔流出清血；或者清气道闭塞，血液流入胃管，吐出清血，如果遇到寒冷而凝涩，血色必定瘀黑的情况。
桂心 白芍药 栝蒌根 甘草（炙） 川芎（各等分）
以上药物捣碎成粗散。每次服用四大钱，用水一盏半，生姜三片，大枣一枚，煎煮至七分水量，去渣服用。头痛者加石膏。
治疗伤寒发热，解表透邪无效，血液随气机壅滞，世人称之为“红汗”的情况。
麻黄（去节，用汤煮，二两半） 升麻（一两一分） 黄芩 芍药 甘草（生） 石膏（打碎） 茯苓（各一两）
以上药物捣碎成粗散。每次服用四大钱，用水一盏半，生姜三片，煎煮至七分水量，去渣热服，微微出汗即解。
治疗伏暑饮热，暑气流入经络，壅盛泛滥导致鼻衄；或者胃气虚弱，血液渗入胃中，停留不散，吐出一二升左右的血。（此方见伤暑门。治疗鼻衄则用茅花煎汤送服，屡试有效）
Blood is like water; when water flows beneath the earth and all rivers are orderly, there is no danger of blockage or bursting. Blood circulates through the Ying (Nutrient) channels and Fu Shu (Stream and Spring) points of the body; if it is not injured externally by the Four Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness) nor depressed internally by the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Pensiveness, Sorrow, Fear, Fright), it flows naturally smoothly. If there is even a slight deviation in its regulation, it will inevitably lead to stagnation and obstruction. Consequently, blood cannot follow the meridians to nourish the hundred vessels; it may become stagnant or scattered, flow downward leading to hemorrhage, or reverse upward leading to overflow. Thus, various syndromes such as hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), hematochezia (blood in stool), hematuria (blood in urine), hematohidrosis (sweating blood), and hemoptysis (coughing up blood) arise. Among the ten types of blood loss, none is more severe than these. Only by distinguishing them according to their specific manifestations can treatment be applied.
When a patient is injured by Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, or Dampness, the pathogenic factors spread through the meridians, causing Yin and Yang to contend with each other. Therefore, blood coagulates and becomes stagnant when exposed to Cold, and overflows when exposed to Heat. Depending on the affected Zang-Fu organs and meridians, it surges and exits through the clear pathways. Epistaxis involving one sheng or one dou of blood is attributed to external causes. There are specific formulas for treating each condition.
For cases where Wind injury persists despite sweating or purging therapies, with pathogenic factors stagnating in the meridians and surging out with Qi, causing clear blood to flow from the nose; or when the clear pathway is blocked, allowing blood to enter the stomach tube and be vomited as clear blood, which turns dark and瘀黑 (stagnant black) upon exposure to Cold:
Guixin (Cinnamon Heart), Baishaoyao (White Peony Root), Gualougen (Trichosanthes Root), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome) — equal parts.
Grind into coarse powder. Take four qian per dose, with one and a half sheng of water, three slices of ginger, and one jujube. Decoct until reduced to seven-tenths, strain, and take warm. Add Shigao (Gypsum) if headache is present.
For cases of Taiyang Cold Damage (Shanghan) with fever, where exterior resolution fails, causing blood to stagnate with Qi, known in the world as "Red Sweat" (Hong Han):
Mahuang (Ephedra Herb, nodes removed, boiled in water, two liang and half), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, one liang and one fen), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shaoyao (Peony Root), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Shigao (Gypsum, crushed), Fuling (Poria) — each one liang.
Grind into coarse powder. Take four qian per dose, with one and a half sheng of water and three slices of ginger. Decoct until reduced to seven-tenths, strain, and take hot. A slight sweat indicates resolution.
For cases of latent Summer-heat and excessive heat intake, where Summer-heat Qi enters the meridians, causing stagnation and overflow leading to epistaxis; or due to deficiency of Stomach Qi, blood渗 (seeps) into the Stomach, remains stagnant, and results in vomiting approximately one to two sheng of blood. (See this formula under the Summer-heat Injury section. For treating epistaxis, administer with decoction of Maohua [Imperata Rhizoma flower head], which has proven effective repeatedly.)