凭脉为的治病。而至胎前,其看症也,历历录录;其用药也离离奇奇。黄芩,安胎者也;乌头,伤胎者也。
而胎当其寒结,黄芩转为伤胎之鸩血,乌头又为安胎之灵丹(明党、焦术、砂仁、附片、建姜、秦归、炙草
)。焦术,安胎者也;芒硝,伤胎者也。而胎当热结,焦术反为伤胎之砒霜,芒硝又为安胎之妙品(芒硝五钱
、滚水澄去滓,调蜜服)。当此两命相关,以安为伤,以伤为安,而用之裕如者,夫亦曰权脉之迟结数促耳!
胆从脉出,而胆斯大;智从脉生,而智斯圆。无药不可以安胎,无药不可以伤胎,有何一定之方?有何一定之
药也乎?彼《本草》之注禁服,不过为初学导之先路。夫胎症,其显者也。由胎症而推,脉清而用得其当,信
石蜈蚣,无非参苓 术;脉溷而用失其当,参苓 术,无非信石蜈蚣。拘成见者,赵括读父书而丧师,荆公
用周礼而乱宋;知变化者,孔明添灶而退兵,楚王破釜而取胜。古今来,英雄成败,止争此一心之妙用,又何
恤乎人言。
百脉空虚,瘀血留滞,二语足以括尽产后诸病。其用药也,补则足以填虚空,温则足以散瘀滞。温补二字,
在产后极为稳当。而见之于脉,则未可以一格拘也。有迟涩者,有沉细者,有洪数者,有弦紧者。迟涩沉细,
可温可补,若洪数弦紧,顾可漫无区别,而一于温之补之乎?抑知瘀血填塞隧道,血脉为之沸腾,虚寒之体,
转化为实热之脉,倘凭脉以疗病,则为发为泄,为汗为凉。病症百端,药饵肆应,非不经营惨淡,竭力弥缝,
乃一病未已,一病旋生,卒至温补难施,不可救药,岂非专凭脉者,阶之厉耶?余家世传《月科》一卷之书,
得之本邑王定所。不诊脉,但问症。细阅书中,实是肚腹大胀大痛者,先治之以去瘀之本(桃仁、归尾、胡索
、灵脂、干姜、川芎、荆芥穗、酒调服)。其于症之虚寒者,固不外肉桂、干姜(茯苓、炙草、当归、川芎、
焦白术、肉桂、蜜黄 、干姜);即症之大热者,亦不离肉桂、干姜。百试百验,世无产难之妇。远近求药者,
日踵其门。传至于余,参究脉理,思欲突过前人。乃凭脉罔效,凭书辄效。而后知产后凭脉,其理犹浅;不
凭脉,其理方深。世之家藏秘本,粗视之,了无意义,而用之多效者,大半类此。
凭脉象来准确治疗疾病。然而到了胎前阶段,其症状表现纷繁复杂;其用药也显得离奇多变。黄芩本是安胎的药物;乌头本是损伤胎儿的药物。
但是,当胎儿遭遇寒邪凝结时,黄芩反而变成了伤害胎儿的毒药,而乌头又成为了安胎的神丹(明党参、炒白术、砂仁、附子片、干姜、当归、炙甘草)。
炒白术本是安胎的药物;芒硝本是损伤胎儿的药物。然而,当胎儿遭遇热邪凝结时,炒白术反而变成了伤害胎儿的砒霜,而芒硝又成为了安胎的妙品(芒硝五钱,用滚水澄清去除渣滓,调蜂蜜服用)。
在这种性命攸关的情况下,以安胎为伤胎,以伤胎为安胎,能够运用自如的,大概就在于权衡脉象的迟、结、数、促罢了!
胆量从对脉象的理解中产生,胆量因此宏大;智慧从对脉象的领悟中生发,智慧因此圆融。没有不能安胎的药,也没有不能伤胎的药,哪有什么固定的方剂?哪有什么固定的药物呢?那些《本草》书中注明的禁忌服药,不过是给初学者指引的一条先路罢了。
胎前的病症,是显现在外的。由胎前病症推演开来,如果脉象清晰且用药得当,即使是信石和蜈蚣,也不外乎是人参、茯苓、白术那样的良药;如果脉象浑浊且用药失当,即使是人参、茯苓、白术,也不外乎是信石和蜈蚣那样的毒药。拘泥于成见的人,就像赵括熟读父亲兵书却导致军队覆灭,王安石引用《周礼》治国却使宋朝混乱;懂得变化的人,就像诸葛亮增加灶台数量从而退敌,楚霸王破釜沉舟从而取胜。古往今来,英雄的成败,只争在于这一心之妙的运用,又何须顾虑他人的言论。
百脉空虚,瘀血留滞,这八个字足以概括尽产后所有的疾病。其用药方面,补法足以填补虚空,温法足以消散瘀滞。“温补”二字,在产后治疗中极为稳妥恰当。
然而反映在脉象上,却不能拘泥于一种格套。有的脉象迟涩,有的沉细,有的洪数,有的弦紧。迟涩、沉细的脉象,可以温补;如果是洪数、弦紧的脉象,难道可以毫无区别地一味温补吗?
况且要知道,瘀血堵塞了经络隧道,血脉为之沸腾,原本虚寒的体质,转化为实热的脉象。倘若凭借脉象来治疗疾病,就会采用发散、泄下、发汗、清凉的方法。病症千变万化,药物随意应对,并非不惨淡经营,竭力修补,然而一个病还没好,另一个病又生出来了,最终导致温补之法难以施展,不可救药,这难道不是专门依赖脉象治疗所导致的祸害吗?
我家世代相传有一卷名为《月科》的书,是从本邑王定那里得到的。这本书不诊脉,只问症状。仔细查阅书中的记载,确实是腹部大胀大痛的患者,先用去除瘀血的根本方法治疗(桃仁、当归尾、延胡索、五灵脂、干姜、川芎、荆芥穗,酒调服)。
对于症状属于虚寒的,固然离不开肉桂、干姜(茯苓、炙甘草、当归、川芎、炒白术、肉桂、蜜炙黄芪、干姜);即使是症状表现为大热的,也离不开肉桂、干姜。百试百验,世上没有难产的妇女。远近来求药的人,每天挤满家门。
传到我的时候,我参究脉理,思考想要超越前人。然而依靠脉象却无效,依靠那本书却有效。从此才知道,产后治疗依靠脉象,其道理尚浅;不依靠脉象,其道理才深。世间家藏的秘本,粗略看去,毫无意义,但使用却多有效,大半都是像这样的情况。
Accurate treatment of diseases relies on pulse diagnosis. However, during the prenatal period, symptoms are numerous and complex; medications used appear erratic and unusual. Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) is a herb for calming the fetus; Wutou (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) is a herb that harms the fetus.
Yet, when the fetus is affected by cold accumulation, Huangqin turns into a poison harming the fetus, while Wutou becomes a miraculous elixir for calming the fetus (Mingdangshen [Codonopsis Radix], Jiaozhu [Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma Stir-fried with Bran], Sharen [Amomi Fructus], Fupian [Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata], Jianjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma], Guiji [Angelicae Sinensis Radix], Zhigancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparated with Honey]).
Jiaozhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma Stir-fried with Bran) is a herb for calming the fetus; Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) is a herb that harms the fetus. Yet, when the fetus is affected by heat accumulation, Jiaozhu turns into arsenic harming the fetus, while Mangxiao becomes a wonderful product for calming the fetus (Mangxiao 5 qian, clarified in boiling water to remove dregs, mixed with honey for administration).
In this critical situation where life hangs in the balance, where calming the fetus is seen as harming it, and harming it is seen as calming it, those who can apply treatments with ease do so by weighing the pulse characteristics of Chi (slow), Jie (intermittent), Shu (rapid), and Cu (hurried)!
Courage arises from understanding the pulse, making one bold; wisdom is born from perceiving the pulse, making one comprehensive. There is no herb that cannot calm the fetus, nor any herb that cannot harm the fetus. What fixed formulas exist? What fixed herbs are there? The contraindications noted in Bencao materia medica serve merely as a preliminary guide for beginners.
Prenatal symptoms are manifest. By inferring from these symptoms, if the pulse is clear and medication is appropriate, even Xinshi (Realgar) and Wugong (Scolopendra) act like Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Fuling (Poria), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma); if the pulse is turbid and medication is inappropriate, even Renshen, Fuling, and Baizhu act like Xinshi and Wugong. Those constrained by preconceived notions, like Zhao Kuo studying his father's military books leading to army destruction, or Wang Anshi using the Zhou Li causing chaos in Song; those who understand change, like Zhuge Liang adding stove fires to retreat troops, or King Xiangyu breaking cauldrons to achieve victory. Throughout history, the success or failure of heroes depends solely on the subtle application of the mind, why worry about others' words?
Empty hundred vessels, stagnant blood stasis—these two phrases suffice to encompass all postpartum diseases. Regarding medication, tonification suffices to fill emptiness, warming suffices to dissipate stasis. The terms "warming" and "tonifying" are extremely safe and appropriate for postpartum conditions.
However, reflected in the pulse, one cannot be confined to a single pattern. There are Chi (slow) and Se (choppy) pulses, Chen (deep) and Xi (fine) pulses, Hong (surging) and Shu (rapid) pulses, Xian (taut) and Jin (tight) pulses. Chi, Se, Chen, and Xi pulses can be warmed and tonified; but for Hong, Shu, Xian, and Jin pulses, how can one indiscriminately apply only warming and tonifying methods?
Moreover, one must know that when blood stasis blocks the meridians and collaterals, the blood vessels boil over, and a constitution originally deficient and cold transforms into a pulse of excess heat. If treating based on such a pulse, one would employ dispersing, purging, sweating, and cooling methods. With hundreds of disease manifestations and肆应 (arbitrary response) of medicines, although efforts are made painstakingly to patch things up, one disease does not resolve before another arises, eventually rendering warming and tonifying methods ineffective and the condition incurable. Is this not precisely the disaster caused by relying solely on pulse diagnosis?
My family has passed down a volume titled Yueke (Obstetrics), obtained from Wang Ding of our county. It does not diagnose via pulse, but only asks about symptoms. Carefully reviewing the book, for cases of severe abdominal distension and pain, it first treats the root of blood stasis (Taoren [Prunus Persica Seed], Guiwei [Angelicae Sinensis Radix Tail], Huxiao [Curcumae Longae Rhizoma], Lingzhi [Trogopterori Faeces], Ganjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma], Chuanxiong [Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome], Jingjiesui [Schizonepetae Spica], taken with wine).
For symptoms of deficiency and cold, naturally Cuirougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and Ganjiang are indispensable (Fuling [Poria], Zhigancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparated with Honey], Danggui [Angelicae Sinensis Radix], Chuanxiong [Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome], Jiaobaizhu [Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma Stir-fried with Bran], Cuirougui [Cinnamomi Cortex], Mi Huangqi [Astragali Radix Prepared with Honey], Ganjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma]); even for symptoms of extreme heat, Cuirougui and Ganjiang are still essential. Tested a hundred times with hundred successes, there are no women suffering from difficult labor in the world. People seeking medicine from near and far flock to the door daily.
When it reached me, I studied pulse theory, thinking to surpass predecessors. Yet relying on pulse yielded no effect, while relying on the book yielded results. Only then did I realize that for postpartum conditions, relying on pulse is superficial; not relying on pulse reveals deeper principles. Secret manuals kept by families in the world, appearing meaningless at first glance but proving highly effective in use, are mostly like this.