出疹之候,初热一日至次日鸡鸣时,其热即止,止存五心微热,渐见咳嗽,鼻流清涕,或
腹中作痛,饮食渐减,到申酉之间,其热复来,如此者四日。用手满按发际处甚热,其面上热
少减二三分,咳嗽连声,面燥腮赤,眼中多泪,喷嚏频发,或忽然鼻中出血,至五日其热不分
昼夜,六日早时其疹出于两颊下细细红点,至午时两手背并腰下及浑身密密俱有红点,七
日普遍掀发,其鼻中清涕不流,喷嚏亦不行,七日晚两颊颜色渐淡,此验出疹之要法。
凡疹热六日而出一定之规也,若医者无识,用药太早耗散元气,及至出时变害多矣。
或嗽而变喘,或出一二日即隐,或作大泻,或合目而喘,此医者用药不当之害也。吾家治法
定不在五日内用药,必待见疹方用徐徐升表,
然用药亦有次第,凡一剂必作十余次饮之,况疹在皮肤之间,若作一次服,则药性催之太
急,每至谵语烦躁,故当慎之。
景岳曰∶按此万氏之法,谓医家用药太早恐致耗散元气,故必待见点而后施治,及作一
次服恐药性催之太急,皆惟恐无益而反以致害。此固其心得之法也。然以愚见,则医有高
下,药有宜否,但使见有确真,发无不当,则于未出之前,或解或补,必有得预防之力,以潜
消其毒者;既出之后亦必有善调之方,而不致催急者,此在善与不善或不嫌早与不早也。尝
见庸流之误治者,多是诚不服药,为中医也。此万氏之说,所以不可不遵。
凡疹热五六日必出矣。医者用药见不能散,父母见药不效,医者见热嗽不能除,或以
别证治之,病家又或更医,此世之所以误者多矣。
出疹的征兆是:初起发热一天到第二天鸡鸣时分,热度就会停止,仅剩下手心、脚心和心口微微发热,逐渐出现咳嗽、流清鼻涕,或者腹部疼痛,食欲逐渐减退。到了申时和酉时(下午3点到7点),热度又会重新起来,像这样持续四天。用手摸按发际处非常热,而面部的热度稍微减轻二三分,咳嗽连连不断,面色干燥两腮发红,眼中多泪,频繁打喷嚏,或者突然鼻出血。到了第五天,热度不分昼夜地持续;第六天早上,皮疹出现在两颊下方细细的红点;到了中午,两手手背以及腰部以下和全身都密密麻麻长满了红点;第七天皮疹全面爆发。此时鼻中不再流清涕,也不再打喷嚏。第七天晚上两颊的颜色逐渐变淡,这是验证出疹过程的关键方法。
凡是疹子发热六天后才发出,这是一定的规律。如果医生没有见识,用药太早耗散了元气,等到疹子发出来时,变化产生的危害就多了。有的因为咳嗽变成气喘,有的出一两天就隐没下去,有的发生严重腹泻,有的闭目喘息,这些都是医生用药不当造成的危害。我家治疗的方法规定不在五天内用药,一定要等到看见疹点后才使用缓慢提升透表的药物。然而用药也有次序,每一剂药必须分成十几次服用。况且疹子在皮肤之间,如果一次服下,药性催促得太急,常常导致胡言乱语、烦躁不安,所以应当谨慎。
张景岳说:按照万全医生的这种方法,认为医生用药太早恐怕会导致耗散元气,所以一定要等到看见疹点后才施治;又担心一次服药药性催促得太急,这都是唯恐无益反而致害。这固然是他的心得之法。然而依我愚见,医生有高下之分,药物有适宜与否的区别。只要诊断确切真实,发汗透疹没有不当之处,那么在疹子未出之前,或解表或补益,必定有预防的力量,以暗中消除毒邪;疹子发出之后也必定有善于调治的方子,而不会造成催促过急的情况,这在于医生是否善于处理,而不在于嫌早还是不嫌早。我曾经见到庸医误治的情况,大多是病人确实不服药,这才是符合中医原则的做法。这就是万全医生的说法,所以不可不遵循。
凡是疹子发热五六天后一定会发出。医生用药后见不能发散,父母见药不生效,医生见热咳不能去除,或者用其他病症的方法来治疗,病家又更换医生,这就是世间误治情况多的原因。
The signs of rash eruption are as follows: After the initial fever lasts for one day until the time of the rooster's crowing (Ji Ming) on the next day, the fever subsides, leaving only slight heat in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest). Coughing gradually appears, accompanied by a runny nose with clear mucus, or abdominal pain, and a gradual decrease in appetite. Between Shen and You hours (3 PM to 7 PM), the fever returns. This pattern persists for four days. Touching the hairline reveals intense heat, while the heat on the face decreases slightly by two or three parts. There is continuous coughing, dry skin with red cheeks, excessive tearing in the eyes, frequent sneezing, or sudden epistaxis (nosebleed). By the fifth day, the fever continues without distinction between day and night. On the morning of the sixth day, fine red spots appear on the lower parts of both cheeks. By noon, dense red spots cover the backs of both hands, the area below the waist, and the entire body. On the seventh day, the rash erupts universally. The clear nasal discharge ceases, and sneezing stops. By the evening of the seventh day, the color of the cheeks gradually fades. This is the key method for verifying the process of rash eruption.
Generally, if the fever lasts for six days before the rash appears, this is a fixed rule. If a physician lacks insight and uses medication too early, depleting the Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi), when the rash finally emerges, numerous complications and harms may arise. These include cough transforming into wheezing, the rash disappearing after one or two days, severe diarrhea, or panting with closed eyes. These are all harms caused by inappropriate medication by the physician. Our family's treatment method stipulates that no medication is used within the first five days; we wait until the rash spots are visible before using mild agents to raise and release the exterior. However, there is an order to medication administration. Each decoction must be administered in more than ten small doses. Since the rash is located in the skin and interstices, taking it all at once would cause the medicinal properties to act too urgently, often leading to delirium and restlessness. Therefore, caution is required.
Zhang Jingyue stated: According to Wan Quan's method, physicians fear that using medication too early may deplete the Yuan Qi, hence treatment is delayed until the spots appear. They also fear that single-dose administration might accelerate the process too rapidly, causing harm rather than benefit. This is undoubtedly his empirical wisdom. However, from my humble opinion, physicians vary in skill, and medications vary in suitability. As long as the diagnosis is accurate and the eruption is handled appropriately, pre-eruption treatment—whether via releasing the exterior or tonification—can provide preventive power to secretly dissipate the pathogenic toxins. Post-eruption, there must be appropriate methods for regulation to avoid overly aggressive acceleration. This depends on the physician's competence, not merely on whether the timing is considered too early or not. I have observed that misdiagnoses by mediocre practitioners often result from patients' refusal to take medicine, which ironically aligns with the principle of "Zhong Yi" (moderate/central medicine). Thus, Wan Quan's theory should not be disregarded.
Rashes typically emerge after five to six days of fever. Physicians may find their medications ineffective in dispersing the pathogen; parents may see no improvement; physicians may fail to resolve the fever and cough; or they may treat it according to other disease patterns. Meanwhile, families may change doctors repeatedly. These factors contribute to the high frequency of medical errors in the world.