大润肠丸
大便秘涩通用。
杏仁（去皮尖，微炒） 枳壳（浸，去穣，炒） 麻仁 陈皮（各半两） 阿胶（炒） 防
风（各二
上为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每服五十丸。老者，苏子煎汤下；壮者，荆芥泡汤下。
独枣汤
治大便积日不通
大好枣（一枚，擘开入轻粉半钱）
上以枣相合，麻线扎缚，慢火煮熟，嚼细，以枣汁送下。
敷药
治闭结至亟，昏不知人。生大螺一二枚，以盐一匕，和壳生捣碎，置病者脐下一寸三
分，用宽帛紧之，即大通。未效，乌柏木根三寸，研井水服，亦效。就多研烂敷脐下，亦可
蜜兑法∶蜜三合，入猪胆汁两枚在内，煎如饴，以井水出冷，候凝，捻如指大，长三寸许。
纳下部，立通。《活人书》单用蜜。一法，入皂角末，在人斟酌用。一法，入薄荷末代皂角
用，尤好。又，或偶无蜜，只嚼薄荷，以津液调作挺，用之亦妙。
煨蒜方
独头蒜煨熟，去皮，以绵裹纳后部，即通。
熏方
不蛀皂角用碗烧，置于桶内熏其后部，自通。
老人脏腑秘，不可用大黄。老人津液少，所以脏腑秘涩，更服大黄以泻之，津液皆去，
定
腑秘涩
热亦即
大正气散
治脾胃怯，风寒湿气伤动冲和，心腹胀满，有防饮食。
浓朴（姜制，炒） 藿香叶 半夏（汤泡七次） 橘红 白术（各一两） 甘草（炙） 槟
榔桂枝
上锉散。每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜五片，枣子二枚，煎至七分，去滓，不以时温服。
平肝饮子
治喜怒不节，肝气不平。邪乘脾胃，心胀满，连两胁妨闷，头晕呕逆，脉来浮
防风（去芦） 桂枝（不见火） 枳壳（去穣，炒） 赤芍药 桔梗（去芦，炒。各一
两） 木香（
两）
上锉散。每服四钱，水一盏，姜五片，煎七分，不拘时温服。
五膈宽中散
治七气流滞，饮食不下，气满膨胀。（方见五膈类。）
木香流气饮
调荣卫，利三焦，行痞滞，消胀满。（方见诸气类。）
附子粳米汤
治忧怒相乘，神志不守，思虑兼并，扰乱脏气，不主传导，使诸阳不舒，反顺
寒气胀，肠鸣切痛，胸胁逆满，呕吐不食。
附子（一个，生，去皮脐，虚人略炮） 半夏（汤洗七次） 粳米（各三钱半字） 甘
草（炙，一
上锉。每服二钱，水二盏，枣三个，煎至七分，去滓，食前服。
温胃汤
治忧思聚结，脾肺气凝，阳不能正，大肠与胃气不平，胀满冲咳，食不得下，脉虚
涩。
附子（炮，去皮脐） 当归 浓朴（去粗皮，生用） 人参 橘皮 白芍药 甘草（炙。
各一两）
上锉散。每服四大钱，水二盏，煎七分，去滓，食前服。
沉香降气汤
治中脘胀满，时复胁肚痛楚，每噫则觉气快，气不噫则闷，渐觉面浮。磨槟榔
煎，下神保丸五七丸。（二方并见诸气类。）
大润肠丸
适用于大便秘结不通的通用方剂。
杏仁（去除皮尖，轻微炒制） 枳壳（浸泡后去除瓤，炒制） 火麻仁 陈皮（各半两） 阿胶（炒制） 防风（各二两）
将上述药材研磨成细末，用炼制的蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五十丸。年老体弱者，用紫苏子煎汤送服；身体壮实者，用荆芥泡汤送服。
独枣汤
治疗大便多日不通。
大号大枣一枚，掰开后放入轻粉半钱。
将大枣合拢，用麻线扎紧，用慢火煮熟，嚼碎后，用枣汁送服。
敷药
治疗大便闭结严重到神志昏迷不知人的情况。取生大螺一二枚，加一匙盐，连同螺壳一起生捣碎，敷在患者脐下一寸三分处，用宽布带紧紧包扎，即可大便通畅。若无效，取乌桕树根三寸，研成粉末，用井水冲服，也有效。或者将乌桕根研烂敷在脐下，也可以。
蜜兑法：取蜂蜜三合，加入两个猪胆汁，煎煮至像饴糖一样稠厚，用井水冷却，待其凝固，捏成手指粗细、长约三寸的药条。纳入肛门内，立即通便。《活人书》中单用蜂蜜。另一种方法，加入皂角末，由患者酌情使用。还有一种方法，用薄荷末代替皂角使用，效果更好。此外，如果偶然没有蜂蜜，只嚼薄荷，用唾液调和做成栓剂使用，也很奇妙。
煨蒜方
独头蒜烤熟，去皮，用棉布包裹塞入肛门，即可通便。
熏方
取不蛀的皂角放在碗中烧，置于桶内熏蒸肛门部位，自然通畅。
老年人脏腑津液枯竭导致秘涩，不可使用大黄。因为老年人津液本就少，如果再服用大黄来泻下，津液都会流失，必然导致热邪内生而更加秘涩。
大正气散
治疗脾胃虚弱，风寒湿气侵袭扰动冲和之气，导致心腹胀满，妨碍饮食。
厚朴（姜汁制，炒制） 藿香叶 半夏（沸水泡七次） 橘红 白术（各一两） 甘草（炙制） 槟榔 桂枝
将上述药材切碎成散剂。每次服用四钱，加水一盏半，生姜五片，大枣二枚，煎煮至七分，去渣，随时温服。
平肝饮子
治疗喜怒情绪不节制，导致肝气不平。邪气侵犯脾胃，导致心腹胀满，牵连两胁感到憋闷，头晕呕吐逆气，脉象浮。
防风（去芦头） 桂枝（不经过火炒） 枳壳（去瓤，炒制） 赤芍药 桔梗（去芦头，炒制。各一两） 木香（二两）
将上述药材切碎成散剂。每次服用四钱，加水一盏，生姜五片，煎煮至七分，不拘时间温服。
五膈宽中散
治疗七情气机阻滞，饮食不下，气满膨胀。（方剂见五膈类章节。）
木香流气饮
调和营卫，通利三焦，行气消除痞滞，消减胀满。（方剂见诸气类章节。）
附子粳米汤
治疗忧怒相乘，神志不守，思虑兼并，扰乱脏气，不能正常传导，使诸阳之气不畅，反而顺应寒气导致胀满，肠鸣切痛，胸胁逆满，呕吐不能进食。
附子（一个，生用，去皮脐，体虚者略加炮制） 半夏（沸水洗七次） 粳米（各三钱半） 甘草（炙制，一两）
将上述药材切碎。每次服用二钱，加水二盏，大枣三个，煎煮至七分，去渣，饭前服用。
温胃汤
治疗忧思聚结，脾肺气凝，阳气不能正常宣发，大肠与胃气不平，导致胀满冲咳，食物无法下行，脉象虚涩。
附子（炮制，去皮脐） 当归 厚朴（去除粗皮，生用） 人参 橘皮 白芍药 甘草（炙制。各一两）
将上述药材切碎成散剂。每次服用四大钱，加水二盏，煎煮至七分，去渣，饭前服用。
沉香降气汤
治疗中脘部胀满，时常胁肋腹部疼痛，每打嗝就觉得气顺，不打嗝则感到憋闷，逐渐感觉面部浮肿。磨槟榔煎汤，送服神保丸五到七丸。（这两个方剂并见诸气类章节。）
Da Run Chang Wan (Great Intestine Moistening Pill)
A general formula for treating constipation with dry and difficult defecation.
Xingren (Apricot Seed, *Prunus armeniaca* L.), processed by removing skin and tips and lightly stir-fried; Zhike (Immature Bitter Orange Fruit, *Citrus aurantium* L.), soaked, pulp removed, and stir-fried; Huomaren (Hemp Seed, *Cannabis sativa* L.); Chenpi (Dried Tangerine Peel, *Citrus reticulata* Blanco), each half tael; Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, *Colla corii asini*), stir-fried; Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, *Saposhnikovia divaricata* (Turcz.) Schischk.), two taels.
Grind the above ingredients into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take fifty pills per dose. For the elderly, take with decoction of Zi Su Zi (Perilla Seed, *Perilla frutescens* (L.) Britt.); for robust individuals, take with infusion of Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike, *Schizonepeta tenuifolia* Briq.).
Du Zao Tang (Single Date Decoction)
Treats fecal accumulation causing several days of inability to defecate.
Hao Da Zao (Large Jujube Fruit, *Ziziphus jujuba* Mill.), one piece, split open; Qing Fen (Calomel, *Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite*), half qian.
Combine the dates, tie tightly with hemp thread, cook thoroughly over slow fire, chew finely, and swallow with date juice.
Fu Yao (External Application Medicine)
Treats severe fecal impaction leading to coma and loss of consciousness. Take one or two fresh large snails (*Helix pomatia* or similar), add one spoonful of salt, crush together with shells raw, apply to the area one cun three fen below the umbilicus, and bind tightly with a wide cloth band. Defecation will immediately occur. If ineffective, take three cun of Wu Bai Mu Gen (Chinese Tallow Tree Root, *Triadica sebifera* (L.) Small), grind into powder, and administer with well water; this is also effective. Alternatively, grind the root until mushy and apply below the umbilicus.
Mi Dui Fa (Honey Suppository Method): Take three he of honey, add bile from two pigs, boil until thick like malt syrup, cool in well water until solidified, shape into a suppository finger-sized and about three cun long. Insert into the anus for immediate relief. The *Liuren Shu* uses honey alone. Another method adds Zao Jiao Mo (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit Powder, *Gleditsia sinensis* Lam.); use according to patient's discretion. Another method replaces Zao Jiao with Bo He Mo (Mint Leaf Powder, *Mentha haplocalyx* Briq.), which is even better. Furthermore, if honey is unavailable, chewing mint leaves and mixing with saliva to form a suppository is also excellent.
Wei Suan Fang (Baked Garlic Formula)
Bake a single-clove garlic until cooked, remove skin, wrap in cotton, and insert into the anus to relieve obstruction.
Xun Fang (Fumigation Method)
Burn non-moth-eaten Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit, *Gledia sinensis* Lam.) in a bowl placed inside a bucket, and fumigate the anal region to promote natural passage.
For the elderly, whose organ fluids are depleted causing constipation, Da Huang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome, *Rheum palmatum* L.) should not be used. Since elderly people have insufficient body fluids, using Da Huang to purge further depletes fluids, inevitably leading to internal heat and worsening constipation.
Da Zheng Qi San (Great Upright Qi Powder)
Treats spleen and stomach weakness, where wind-cold-dampness pathogens disturb the harmonious qi, causing epigastric and abdominal fullness, hindering food intake.
Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, *Magnolia officinalis* Rehd. et Wils.), ginger-processed and stir-fried; Huo Xiang Ye (Patchouli Leaf, *Pogostemon cablin* (Blanco) Benth.); Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, *Pinellia ternata* (Thunb.) Breit.), soaked in boiling water seven times; Ju Hong (Red Tangerine Peel, *Citrus reticulata* Blanco); Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, *Atractylodes macrocephala* Koidz.), each one tael; Gan Cao (Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* Fisch.), roasted; Bing Lang (Areca Seed, *Areca catechu* L.); Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomum cassia* Presl).
Cut into coarse powder. Take four qian per dose, add one and a half cups of water, five slices of fresh ginger, and two jujubes, decoct to seventy percent volume, strain, and take warm at any time.
Ping Gan Yin Zi (Liver-Pacifying Drink)
Treats irregularity in joy and anger leading to liver qi stagnation. Pathogens invade the spleen and stomach, causing epigastric distension, fullness extending to both hypochondria with stifling sensation, dizziness, vomiting, and a floating pulse.
Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root, *Saposhnikovia divaricata* (Turcz.) Schischk.), remove rhizome; Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomum cassia* Presl.), do not expose to fire; Zhike (Immature Bitter Orange Fruit, *Citrus aurantium* L.), remove pulp and stir-fry; Chi Shao Yao (Red Peony Root, *Paeonia lactiflora* Pall.); Jie Geng (Platycodon Root, *Platycodon grandiflorum* (Jacq.) A.DC.), remove rhizome and stir-fry, each one tael; Mu Xiang (Costus Root, *Saussurea costus* (Falc.) Lipsch.), two taels.
Cut into coarse powder. Take four qian per dose, add one cup of water and five slices of ginger, decoct to seventy percent volume, and take warm at any time.
Wu Ge Kuan Zhong San (Five Diaphragms Mid-Broadening Powder)
Treats emotional qi stagnation preventing food intake, causing qi fullness and distension. (See formulas in the Five Diaphragms category.)
Mu Xiang Liu Qi Yin (Costus Flowing Qi Drink)
Regulates Ying and Wei, benefits the Triple Burner, moves stagnant qi to resolve palpitations, and reduces distension. (See formulas in the Various Qi categories.)
Fu Zi Jing Mi Tang (Aconite and Rice Decoction)
Treats mutual aggravation of worry and anger, loss of mental stability, excessive rumination disturbing organ qi, impairing transportation and transformation, causing Yang qi to become unsmooth, following cold qi to cause distension, borborygmus with cutting pain, reverse fullness in chest and hypochondria, vomiting, and inability to eat.
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root, *Aconitum carmichaelii* Debx.), one raw piece, remove skin and navel, slightly roast for deficient persons; Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, *Pinellia ternata* (Thunb.) Breit.), washed in boiling water seven times; Jing Mi (Rice Grain, *Oryza sativa* L.), each three qian half; Gan Cao (Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* Fisch.), roasted, one tael.
Cut into pieces. Take two qian per dose, add two cups of water and three jujubes, decoct to seventy percent volume, strain, and take before meals.
Wen Wei Tang (Stomach-Warming Decoction)
Treats clustering of worry and thought, stagnation of spleen and lung qi, failure of Yang to function normally, imbalance between large intestine and stomach qi, causing distension, rushing cough, inability to swallow food, and a deficient, choppy pulse.
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root, *Aconitum carmichaelii* Debx.), roasted, remove skin and navel; Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root, *Angelica sinensis* (Oliv.) Diels); Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, *Magnolia officinalis* Rehd. et Wils.), remove rough bark and use raw; Ren Shen (Ginseng Root, *Panax ginseng* C.A.Mey.); Ju Pi (Tangerine Peel, *Citrus reticulata* Blanco); Bai Shao Yao (White Peony Root, *Paeonia lactiflora* Pall.); Gan Cao (Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhiza uralensis* Fisch.), roasted, each one tael.
Cut into coarse powder. Take four large qian per dose, add two cups of water, decoct to seventy percent volume, strain, and take before meals.
Chen Xiang Jiang Qi Tang (Agarwood Descending Qi Decoction)
Treats epigastric distension, occasional pain in hypochondrium and abdomen, feeling relieved after belching but stifled without it, gradually developing facial edema. Grind Bing Lang (Areca Seed, *Areca catechu* L.) and decoct, take with Shen Bao Wan (Spirit Preservation Pills) five to seven pills. (Both formulas see the Various Qi categories.)