太阳 发热恶寒，头项痛，腰背强，脉尺寸俱浮。若阳浮而阴弱，为中风自汗；若骨节疼而喘，
脉浮紧，为中寒；或者下之太早，阳发为结胸，阴发为痞气。不渴，小便清，知邪气未入，本禁
利小便。下后脉促，为阳胜阴，故不作结胸，为欲解。脉紧，邪传少阴，令人咽痛。脉弦，邪传
少阳，令人胁拘急。脉细数，为邪未传里而伤气也。脉沉紧，邪传阳明，为里实，必欲呕也。脉
沉滑，传于肠胃，协热利也。脉浮滑，为气胜血虚，必下血也。
阳明 身热目疼，鼻干，不得眠，尺寸脉长，若能食，名中风。口苦咽干腹满微喘
（热传里也）；发热恶寒，脉浮而紧（仍在表也）；若下之腹满小便难也；若不能食，名中寒。小便
不利（寒则津液不化），手足自汗，此欲作固瘕（寒气结积），攻其热则哕，乃胃中虚冷故也。阳
明反无汗，小便自利，二三日呕而咳，手足厥冷，必苦头痛（寒邪发于外也）。阳明但头眩不恶
寒（风气攻内也），能食（风也），而咳必咽痛（胃也），此风气攻于内也。又呕多未入府也，虽有
阳明症，不可攻，攻之心下满硬（邪气消灭尚浅）；不可攻，攻之利遂不止者死（正气脱也）。阳
明虽汗出不恶寒，其身必重，短气腹满而喘，
有潮热，虽脉迟，此外欲解，可攻里也，大便硬者，承气主之；不硬者，不可攻之。阳明自汗，
禁发汗；小便自利，禁利小便，为重亡津液也。
少阳 胸胁痛而耳聋口苦，舌干，往来寒热而呕，尺寸脉弦，禁下、禁汗、禁利小便，
治宜和解。耳聋目赤，胸满而烦，不可吐下，吐下则悸而惊，吐则气虚，下则血虚，邪在半表半
里故也。若脉弦细者，邪渐传里也，不可汗，汗之则谵语，调胃承气汤主之。
太阴 腹满咽干而吐，食不下，自利不渴，时腹自痛，尺寸脉沉细，（自利不渴寒
也，当温之，四逆也。）若下之，必作痞，若头痛（风也）四肢（风淫未入）阳微（表邪少也）阴
涩（里和也）而长（阳也，以阴得阳则解）者为欲愈，名曰中风，脉浮者可汗，宜桂枝。太阴禁下。
本太阳病，医反下之，因而腹满时痛（表邪乘虚传太阴也）属太阴，桂枝加芍药主之。大实痛者，
桂枝加大黄主之。若脉弱，其人续自便利，设当行大黄芍药者，亦宜减之。脉弱者，胃气尚弱易动利也。
少阴 口燥舌干而渴，或口中和而恶寒，尺寸脉沉，始得之反发热（少阴病当无热恶
寒，反热者邪在表也，）脉沉者麻黄附子细辛汤汗之，若细沉数，病为在里，不可发汗，汗之亡
阳，里虚故也。尺弱涩，复不可下，虚也。若脉紧（紧寒也）至七八日（传经时也）自下利，脉暴
微（寒气得泄）手足反温，脉紧反去（阳气缓，寒气去也）者为欲解，虽烦
下利，必自愈。若利自止，恶寒而蜷卧（寒极而阴胜也），手足温，阳气复者，可治。若恶寒蜷
卧，自烦欲去衣者，亦阳气得复也，可治。少阴中风，阳脉微（表解也）阴微（里和也）者，为欲
愈，若吐利手足不冷（阳气不衰）反发热者不死，脉不至者，灸少阴七壮。凡少阴之为病，脉微
细但欲寐也，若脉阴阳俱紧（寒也，法当无汗，）反汗出者，亡阳也，法当咽痛而复下利，少阴
病但厥无汗（热行于内）而强汗之，必动其血，上出，名下厥上竭，为难治。少阴恶寒而蜷而利，
手足冷者（阴极无阳）不治，若吐利四逆（寒甚也）烦躁（阳欲绝也）者不治。若利止（水谷竭也）
而头眩时时自冒（阳气脱也）者死。若六七日息高（生气绝）死，治法，邪在表汗之，口中和、背
恶寒与下利，当温之；若下利便脓血者，桃花汤主之；心中烦，不得卧者，黄连阿胶汤。
厥阴 厥阴烦满囊缩，尺寸脉微缓，若浮缓而囊不缩，外症又发热恶寒似疟者，欲
愈，桂枝麻黄各半汤；若尺寸沉短者，囊必缩，毒瓦斯入脏，承气汤下之；若手足寒，脉细欲绝者，
当归四逆汤主之。久有寒，加茱萸、生姜。伤寒六七日，大下后，寸脉沉而迟，手足厥逆（下焦气
虚，阳气内陷）下部脉不至，咽喉不利，唾脓血（亡津液成肺痿），泄利不止（大虚也）者为难治，
与麻黄升麻汤。伤寒本自寒下（邪自传里为本），医反吐下之（损伤正气），寒格（吐也）为逆，
吐下与干姜黄芩黄连人参汤。又云∶厥阴为病，消渴，气上冲心，心中疼热（皆热矣），饥不欲
食（胃虚客热），食则吐蛔（胃中
无食则动，此热在厥阴也，）下之利不止（胃虚也）；若中风脉微浮，为欲愈，不浮为未愈，禁下禁汗。
太阳病：表现为发热、恶寒，头痛连及项部，腰背部僵硬，寸脉和尺脉均呈现浮象。如果脉象阳部（寸）浮而阴部（尺）弱，属于中风证且伴有自汗；如果骨节疼痛并伴有气喘，脉象浮紧，属于中寒证；或者因为过早使用泻下法，导致阳气受邪形成结胸证，阴气受邪形成痞气证。如果不口渴，小便清长，说明邪气尚未入里，此时本应禁止使用利小便的方法。经过泻下治疗后，如果脉象急促，表示阳气胜而阴气衰，因此不会形成结胸证，这是病情将要解除的征兆。如果脉象紧，说明邪气传入少阴经，会导致咽喉疼痛。如果脉象弦，说明邪气传入少阳经，会导致胁肋部拘急不舒。如果脉象细数，说明邪气尚未传入里部但已损伤正气。如果脉象沉紧，说明邪气传入阳明经，属于里实证，必然想要呕吐。如果脉象沉滑，说明邪气传入肠胃，属于协热下利。如果脉象浮滑，说明气盛血虚，必然会出现便血。
阳明病：身体发热，眼睛疼痛，鼻子干燥，无法入睡，寸脉和尺脉均呈现长象，如果能进食，称为中风证。如果出现口苦、咽干、腹部胀满、轻微气喘（这是热邪传入里部的表现）；或者发热、恶寒，脉象浮而紧（说明邪气仍在表部）；如果此时使用泻下法，会导致腹部胀满、小便困难；如果不能进食，称为中寒证。小便不利（因为寒邪导致津液无法气化），手足自汗，这是即将形成固瘕证（寒气凝结积聚）的表现，如果攻伐其热邪会导致呃逆，这是因为胃中虚冷所致。阳明病反而无汗，小便通利，两三天后出现呕吐和咳嗽，手足厥冷，必然痛苦于头痛（这是寒邪发于体表的表现）。阳明病仅仅头晕而不恶寒（这是风气攻入体内），能进食（风邪致病），并且咳嗽必然伴随咽喉疼痛（涉及胃经），这是风气攻入体内的表现。又如果呕吐频繁，说明邪气尚未入腑，即使有阳明病的症状，也不可攻下，如果攻下会导致心下部胀满坚硬（因为邪气消除尚浅）；不可攻下，如果攻下导致腹泻不止则会死亡（因为正气脱失）。阳明病虽然出汗且不恶寒，身体必然沉重，气短、腹部胀满且气喘，如果有潮热，即使脉象迟缓，也说明表邪欲解，可以攻里，大便硬结的，用承气汤为主治疗；大便不硬的，不可攻下。阳明病自汗出，禁止发汗；小便通利，禁止利小便，因为这样会严重耗伤津液。
少阳病：胸胁疼痛且耳聋、口苦、舌干，寒热往来且呕吐，寸脉和尺脉均呈现弦象，禁止泻下、禁止发汗、禁止利小便，治疗适宜采用和解法。耳聋、目赤、胸中胀满且心烦，不可使用催吐或泻下法，如果使用催吐或泻下法，会导致心悸和惊恐，催吐则气虚，泻下则血虚，因为邪气位于半表半里之间。如果脉象弦细，说明邪气逐渐传入里部，不可发汗，如果发汗会导致谵语，用调胃承气汤为主治疗。
太阴病：腹部胀满、咽干且呕吐，饮食不下，自发性腹泻且不口渴，时常腹部自发疼痛，寸脉和尺脉均呈现沉细象。（自发性腹泻且不口渴是因为寒邪，应当温补，即四逆汤证。）如果此时使用泻下法，必然形成痞证；如果头痛（风邪）、四肢（风邪未深入）、阳气微弱（表邪轻微）、阴气涩滞（里气调和）且脉长（阳气恢复，以阴得阳则解）的，是病情将要痊愈的表现，称为中风证，脉象浮的可以发汗，适宜用桂枝汤。太阴病禁止泻下。原本患太阳病，医生反而使用泻下法，因而导致腹部胀满、时常疼痛（表邪乘虚传入太阴），归属于太阴病，用桂枝加芍药汤为主治疗。如果是大实痛的情况，用桂枝加大黄汤为主治疗。如果脉象虚弱，其人继续自行大便通畅，假设应当使用大黄、芍药的，也应当减少用量。脉象虚弱，说明胃气尚弱，容易引发腹泻。
少阴病：口燥、舌干且口渴，或者口中平和但不恶寒，寸脉和尺脉均呈现沉象，刚患病时反而发热（少阴病应当无热恶寒，反而发热说明邪气在表），脉象沉的，用麻黄附子细辛汤发汗；如果脉象细沉数，病位在里，不可发汗，发汗会亡阳，因为里虚的缘故。尺脉弱涩，也不可用泻下法，因为属虚证。如果脉象紧（紧脉主寒），到了七八天（传经的时候）自发性下利，脉象突然变微（寒气得泄），手足反而温暖，脉象紧反而消失（阳气缓和，寒气去除）的，是病情将要解除的表现，虽然心烦且下利，必然会自愈。如果下利自行停止，恶寒且蜷卧（寒极而阴气胜），手足温暖，阳气恢复的，可以治疗。如果恶寒蜷卧，自己心烦想要去掉衣被的，也是阳气得到恢复的表现，可以治疗。少阴中风，阳脉微（表邪已解）阴脉微（里气调和）的，是病情将要痊愈的表现，如果出现吐利但手足不冷（阳气不衰）反而发热的，不会死亡，如果脉搏摸不到的，灸少阴经七壮。凡是少阴病，脉象微细且只想睡觉的，如果脉象阴阳两部都紧（寒邪，法当无汗），反而出汗的，是亡阳的表现，法当咽喉疼痛且复见下利，少阴病仅仅四肢厥冷无汗（热气行于内）却强行发汗的，必然扰动血液，从上而出，名为下厥上竭，属于难治之症。少阴病恶寒且蜷卧且下利，手足冰冷的（阴极无阳），属于不治之症，如果出现吐利且四肢厥逆（寒邪甚重）烦躁（阳气欲绝）的，属于不治之症。如果下利停止（水谷枯竭）且头晕、时时自觉头昏蒙（阳气脱失）的，会死亡。如果六七天呼吸高起（生气绝灭）的，会死亡。治疗方法：邪气在表的发汗；口中平和、背部恶寒与下利的，应当温补；如果下利且大便带脓血的，用桃花汤为主治疗；心中烦闷、无法入睡的，用黄连阿胶汤。
厥阴病：厥阴病表现为心烦胀满、睾丸收缩，寸脉和尺脉均呈现微缓象，如果脉象浮缓且睾丸不收缩，外症又有发热恶寒似疟疾表现的，是病情将要痊愈，用桂枝麻黄各半汤；如果寸尺脉象沉短，睾丸必然收缩，毒瓦斯进入脏腑，用承气汤泻下；如果手足寒冷，脉象细弱几乎摸不到，用当归四逆汤为主治疗。久有寒邪的，加吴茱萸、生姜。伤寒六七天，经过猛烈泻下后，寸脉沉而迟，手足厥逆（下焦气虚，阳气内陷），下部脉搏摸不到，咽喉不利，唾脓血（亡津液导致肺痿），泄利不止（大虚证）的，属于难治，用麻黄升麻汤。伤寒原本就是寒邪下利（邪气自传里为本），医生反而使用催吐或泻下法（损伤正气），寒邪格拒（呕吐）导致气机逆乱，用干姜黄芩黄连人参汤。又说：厥阴为病，消渴，气向上冲撞心脏，心中疼痛且有灼热感（都是热象），饥饿但不想进食（胃虚客热），进食则吐出蛔虫（胃中没有食物则蛔虫动，这是热邪在厥阴经），如果误用泻下法导致下利不止（胃气虚）；如果中风脉象微浮，是病情将要痊愈，不浮则是未愈，禁止泻下禁止发汗。
Taiyang Disease: Manifests as fever, aversion to cold, headache involving the neck and occiput, stiffness of the lower back, with both Cun (inch) and Chi (cubit) pulses floating. If the pulse is floating at the Yang position (Cun) and weak at the Yin position (Chi), it is Wind Strike syndrome with spontaneous sweating; if there is pain in the bone joints accompanied by asthma, and the pulse is floating and tight, it is Cold Strike syndrome; or if purgation was performed too early, causing Yang pathogen to form Jie Xiong (chest binding), and Yin pathogen to form Pi Qi (abdominal mass). If there is no thirst and urine is clear, it indicates that the pathogen has not entered the interior; in this case, promoting diuresis is strictly prohibited. After purgation, if the pulse is rapid (Cu), it indicates Yang excess and Yin deficiency, thus Jie Xiong will not form, signaling that the disease is about to resolve. If the pulse is tight, the pathogen has transmitted to Shaoyin meridian, causing sore throat. If the pulse is wiry (Xian), the pathogen has transmitted to Shaoyang meridian, causing hypochondriac stiffness. If the pulse is fine and rapid (Xi Shu), it indicates that the pathogen has not yet entered the interior but has damaged Qi. If the pulse is deep and tight (Chen Jin), the pathogen has transmitted to Yangming meridian, constituting an Interior Excess syndrome, inevitably leading to a desire to vomit. If the pulse is deep and slippery (Chen Hua), the pathogen has transmitted to the intestines and stomach, constituting Heat-collateral diarrhea. If the pulse is floating and slippery (Fu Hua), it indicates Qi excess and Blood deficiency, inevitably leading to hematochezia.
Yangming Disease: The body is hot, eyes hurt, nose is dry, sleep is impossible, and both Cun and Chi pulses are long. If the patient can eat, it is named Wind Strike. If there is bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, abdominal fullness, and slight asthma (indicating heat transmitting to the interior); or fever, aversion to cold, with a floating and tight pulse (indicating the pathogen remains in the exterior); if purgation is used, it leads to abdominal fullness and difficulty urinating; if the patient cannot eat, it is named Cold Strike. Difficulty in urination (cold fails to transform fluids), spontaneous sweating of hands and feet, this is about to form Gu Jia (cold qi accumulation); attacking its heat causes hiccups, due to deficiency-cold in the stomach. Yangming disease without sweat, with free urination, vomiting and coughing after two or three days, cold hands and feet, must suffer from headache (cold pathogen emanating from the exterior). Yangming disease with only dizziness and no aversion to cold (wind qi attacking the interior), able to eat (wind pathogen), and coughing must involve sore throat (stomach meridian), this is wind qi attacking the interior. Furthermore, frequent vomiting indicates the pathogen has not entered the Fu organs; even with Yangming symptoms, one must not attack with purgation; attacking leads to epigastric fullness and hardness (pathogen elimination is still superficial); do not attack, if attacking leads to unceasing diarrhea, death ensues (righteous Qi depletion). Although Yangming disease presents with sweating and no aversion to cold, the body must be heavy, short of breath, abdominal fullness, and asthma. With tidal fever, even if the pulse is slow, it indicates the exterior is resolving, and the interior may be attacked. If stool is hard, Chengqi Tang is the main treatment; if not hard, do not attack. Yangming spontaneous sweating prohibits diaphoresis; free urination prohibits diuresis, to prevent severe loss of body fluids.
Shaoyang Disease: Hypochondriac pain, deafness, bitter taste, dry tongue, alternating chills and fever, and vomiting. Both Cun and Chi pulses are wiry (Xian). Purging, diaphoresis, and diuresis are prohibited; treatment should favor harmonization. Deafness, red eyes, chest fullness, and irritability prohibit emesis and purging; emesis causes Qi deficiency, purging causes Blood deficiency, because the pathogen is in the half-exterior half-interior. If the pulse is wiry and fine (Xian Xi), the pathogen is gradually transmitting to the interior; do not sweat, sweating causes delirium, treat mainly with Tiao Wei Chengqi Tang.
Taiyin Disease: Abdominal fullness, dry throat, vomiting, inability to eat, spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, occasional spontaneous abdominal pain. Both Cun and Chi pulses are deep and fine (Spontaneous diarrhea without thirst is cold; it should be warmed, Si Ni Tang). If purged, Pi (blockage) will certainly form. If headache (wind), limbs (wind has not entered), Yang is weak (exterior pathogen is slight), Yin is choppy (interior is harmonious), and the pulse is long (Yang, Yin obtaining Yang leads to resolution), the disease is about to heal, named Wind Strike. If the pulse is floating, diaphoresis is possible, Gui Zhi Tang is suitable. Taiyin prohibits purging. Originally Taiyang disease, the doctor wrongly purged it, resulting in abdominal fullness and occasional pain (exterior pathogen transmits to Taiyin via deficiency), belonging to Taiyin, Gui Zhi Jia Shao Yao Tang is the main treatment. For severe painful fullness, Gui Zhi Jia Da Huang Tang is the main treatment. If the pulse is weak, and the person continues to have loose stools, even if Da Huang and Shao Yao should be used, their dosage should be reduced. A weak pulse indicates weak Stomach Qi, which easily triggers diarrhea.
Shaoyin Disease: Dry mouth, dry tongue, and thirst; or normal mouth feel with aversion to cold. Both Cun and Chi pulses are deep. At onset, contrary fever occurs (Shaoyin disease should have no fever and aversion to cold; contrary fever means the pathogen is in the exterior). If the pulse is deep, Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang is used for diaphoresis. If the pulse is fine, deep, and rapid, the disease is in the interior, do not sweat, sweating causes Yang collapse due to interior deficiency. If the Chi pulse is weak and choppy, do not purge, it is deficiency. If the pulse is tight (tight indicates cold), arriving at seven or eight days (time of transmission), spontaneous diarrhea occurs, the pulse suddenly becomes faint (cold qi is released), hands and feet become warm, the tight pulse disappears (Yang Qi relaxes, cold pathogen leaves), the disease is about to resolve; although irritable and having diarrhea, it will self-heal. If diarrhea stops, with aversion to cold and curling up (extreme cold and Yin excess), but hands and feet are warm, indicating Yang Qi recovery, it is treatable. If aversion to cold, curling up, and spontaneous irritability wanting to remove clothes, also indicates Yang Qi recovery, it is treatable. Shaoyin Wind Strike, with faint Yang pulse (exterior resolved) and faint Yin pulse (interior harmonious), indicates the disease is about to heal. If vomiting and diarrhea occur but hands and feet are not cold (Yang Qi does not decline) and there is contrary fever, death does not ensue; if the pulse is absent, moxa seven loads on Shaoyin points. Generally, for Shaoyin disease, the pulse is faint and fine, with a desire to sleep. If both Yin and Yang pulses are tight (cold, method dictates no sweat), but there is contrary sweating, it is Yang collapse, method dictates sore throat and subsequent diarrhea. Shaoyin disease with only cold limbs and no sweat (heat moving internally) forced to sweat will surely disturb blood, causing upper bleeding, named Lower Jue and Upper Exhaustion, difficult to treat. Shaoyin with aversion to cold, curling up, diarrhea, and cold hands and feet (Yin extreme, no Yang) is untreatable. If vomiting, diarrhea, Si Ni (cold extremities), and irritability (Yang about to perish) occur, it is untreatable. If diarrhea stops (water and grain exhausted) and dizziness with periodic vertigo occurs (Yang Qi collapse), death ensues. If after six or seven days breathing is high (vital Qi perishes), death ensues. Treatment methods: Pathogen in exterior, induce sweat; normal mouth feel, back aversion to cold, and diarrhea, warm them; if diarrhea with pus and blood, Tao Hua Tang is the main treatment; heart irritability and inability to sleep, Huang Lian E Jiao Tang.
Jueyin Disease: Jueyin disease manifests as irritability, fullness, and testicular retraction. Both Cun and Chi pulses are faint and slow. If the pulse is floating and slow, and the testicles do not retract, with exterior symptoms like fever and aversion to cold resembling malaria, the disease is about to heal, Gui Zhi Ma Huang Ge Ban Tang is used. If Cun and Chi pulses are deep and short, the testicles will certainly retract, toxic qi enters the Zang organs, Chengqi Tang is used for purging. If hands and feet are cold, and the pulse is fine and almost imperceptible, Dang Gui Si Ni Tang is the main treatment. For chronic cold, add Zhu Yu and Sheng Jiang. After severe purgation on the seventh day of Shang Han, Cun pulse is deep and slow, hands and feet are cold (lower Jiao Qi deficiency, Yang Qi sinks inward), lower pulses are absent, throat is obstructed, spitting pus and blood (loss of fluids forming Lung萎), and unceasing diarrhea (severe deficiency), it is difficult to treat, give Ma Huang Sheng Ma Tang. Shang Han originally had cold diarrhea (pathogen transmitted to interior as root), the doctor wrongly used emesis and purging (damaging righteous Qi), cold obstruction (vomiting) causing reversal, Gan Jiang Huang Qin Huang Lian Ren Shen Tang is used. It is also said: Jueyin disease involves Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), Qi rushing up to the heart, heart pain with burning sensation (all heat), hunger but no desire to eat (Stomach deficiency with guest heat), eating causes expulsion of roundworms (no food in Stomach so worms move, this heat is in Jueyin meridian), purging causes unceasing diarrhea (Stomach deficiency); if Wind Strike presents with faint and floating pulse, the disease is about to heal, if not floating, it is not healed, purging and sweating are prohibited.