渴，热也，在里也。
渴小，热小，宜五苓散；渴大，热深，宜白虎加参。
舌干咽焦，乃肾汁干也，可急下之，肾经上属舌本，盖热入，肾水为所烁，
无以灌注咽喉，失下则舌焦而死矣。
振，谓森然，若寒耸然，振动皆虚寒也。至于欲汗之时，其人必虚，必蒸蒸
而振，却发热汗出而解，比战为之轻者。
下后复发汗，必振寒者，谓其表里俱虚也。
亡血家发汗则寒栗而振，谓其血气俱虚也。
发汗过多亡阳，经虚不能自主持，故身为振摇也，宜茯苓桂枝甘草白术汤。
有振振欲擗地者，真武汤主之。二者皆温经益阳滋血助气。
战者，身摇，外也。栗者，心战，内也。微则振，甚则战，又甚则栗。其人
本虚，邪与正争。邪与外正气争则战，邪与内正气争则栗。
四逆 四肢厥冷也。
若手足自热而至温，自温而至厥，传经之邪也。治宜寒冷四逆散柴胡芍药枳壳甘草。
若始得之手足便冷而不温，而阳气不足，阳经受邪，宜四逆汤温之，姜附是也。
厥 厥冷甚于四逆也。厥有阴阳气不相顺接。
先热而后厥者，热伏逆于内也，阳气内陷也。
阳厥 身热便秘，宜下之。
先厥而后热者，阴近而阳气得复也。
阴厥逆冷脉沉细，宜温之。
若始得之便厥者，则是阳气不足，阴气胜也，主寒多矣。
厥小热多，其病则愈；厥多热小，其病为逆。至于下利，先厥后热，利必自
止，阳气得复，见厥复利，阴气还胜，有邪结胸中，阳气不得敷布而手足冷，当
吐之，为阴盛矣，加之恶寒而蜷阴极也。
口渴，是热邪所致，病位在里。
口渴轻微，说明热邪较轻，适宜使用五苓散；口渴严重，说明热邪深重，适宜使用白虎加人参汤。
舌干咽焦，是肾液枯竭的表现，应当紧急采用泻下法治疗。因为肾经上行连接舌根，热邪侵入后，肾水被火热灼烧，无法上承滋润咽喉，若不急用泻下法，就会导致舌体焦黑而死。
“振”，指身体颤抖的样子，如同寒冷时耸肩发抖，这种振动都属于虚寒证。到了将要出汗的时候，病人必然正气虚弱，必定会出现体内蒸热并伴随颤抖，随后发热出汗而病愈，这比战栗症状要轻。
经过泻下治疗后再次发汗，必然出现怕冷颤抖，这是因为表里两方面的正气都虚弱了。
失血患者如果误用发汗法，就会出现寒战颤抖，这是因为气血都虚弱了。
发汗过多导致阳气亡失，经脉空虚不能自主维持，所以身体会颤抖摇晃，适宜使用茯苓桂枝甘草白术汤。
如果有身体剧烈颤抖想要趴在地上的情况，应当以真武汤为主治方剂。这两种情况都是温补经脉、益助阳气、滋养血液、辅助气机的方法。
“战”，指身体摇动，属于外在表现。“栗”，指心中恐惧战栗，属于内在表现。轻微的是“振”，严重的是“战”，更严重的是“栗”。这是因为病人原本正气虚弱，邪气与正气相争。邪气与体表的正气相争则表现为“战”，邪气与体内的正气相争则表现为“栗”。
四逆，指四肢厥冷。
如果手足从发热逐渐转为温暖，又从温暖转为厥冷，这是邪气传入经络所致。治疗适宜使用寒冷的四逆散（由柴胡、芍药、枳壳、甘草组成）。
如果刚发病时手脚就冰冷且不温暖，这是阳气不足，阳经受邪，适宜使用四逆汤来温补，其中包含干姜、附子。
“厥”指厥冷程度比四逆更严重。厥证有阴阳之气不相顺接的情况。
先发热而后出现厥冷的，是热邪伏留逆乱于内，阳气内陷所致。
阳厥：身体发热且便秘，适宜采用泻下法。
先出现厥冷而后发热的，是阴邪退去而阳气恢复的表现。
阴厥：逆冷且脉象沉细，适宜采用温补法。
如果刚发病就出现厥冷，这是阳气不足、阴气偏胜所致，主要属于寒证。
厥冷多而发热少，病情就会痊愈；厥冷少而发热多，病情则为逆证（恶化）。至于出现下利的情况，先厥冷后发热，下利必然自行停止，因为阳气已经恢复；如果见到厥冷又出现下利，说明阴气重新占上风。如果有邪气结聚在胸中，阳气不能布达而导致手脚冰冷，应当采用涌吐法，这是因为阴气过盛。加上恶寒且身体蜷缩，这是阴气极盛的表现。
Thirst is caused by heat and resides in the interior.
Mild thirst indicates slight heat, for which Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Poria Decoction) is appropriate; severe thirst indicates deep-seated heat, for which Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction with Ginseng) is appropriate.
Dry tongue and scorched throat indicate the depletion of Kidney fluids; urgent purgation should be employed. The Kidney Meridian connects to the root of the tongue; when heat enters, it scorches the Kidney Water, preventing it from moistening the throat and pharynx. Failure to purge urgently will result in a blackened tongue and death.
"Zhen" refers to trembling, resembling shivering from cold; all such tremors belong to deficiency-cold syndromes. When sweating is about to occur, the patient must be deficient, inevitably experiencing internal steaming accompanied by trembling, followed by fever, sweating, and resolution of the disease. This is milder than "Zhan" (shivering).
After purgation followed by diaphoresis, chills and trembling necessarily occur, indicating that both the exterior and interior are deficient.
In patients who have lost blood, inducing sweating leads to cold shivering and trembling, indicating that both Blood and Qi are deficient.
Excessive sweating leading to Yang exhaustion causes the meridians to become deficient and unable to maintain control, resulting in bodily trembling and swaying; Linggui Zhugan Baizhu Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) is appropriate.
If there is violent trembling where the patient desires to fall to the ground, Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is the primary treatment. Both conditions involve warming the meridians, benefiting Yang, nourishing Blood, and assisting Qi.
"Zhan" refers to bodily shaking, which is external. "Li" refers to mental fear and trembling, which is internal. Mild cases present as "Zhen," severe cases as "Zhan," and even more severe cases as "Li." The patient is originally deficient, with pathogenic factors contending with righteous Qi. When pathogens contend with exterior righteous Qi, it manifests as "Zhan"; when they contend with interior righteous Qi, it manifests as "Li."
Sini (Four Reversals) refers to cold extremities.
If hands and feet go from hot to warm, and then from warm to cold, this indicates pathogenic transmission through the meridians. Treatment should employ the cooling Sini San (Four Reversal Powder), composed of Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
If hands and feet are cold and not warm from the onset, this indicates insufficient Yang and pathogen invasion of the Yang meridians; Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) should be used to warm, containing Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata).
Jue (Reversal) refers to coldness more severe than Sini. Jue involves the failure of Yin and Yang Qi to connect smoothly.
Heat preceding Jue indicates heat lurking and reversing within, with Yang Qi sinking inward.
Yang Jue: Body heat and constipation; purgation is appropriate.
Jue preceding heat indicates the retreat of Yin and the recovery of Yang.
Yin Jue: Cold reversal with deep, fine pulse; warming is appropriate.
If Jue occurs immediately upon onset, it indicates insufficient Yang and prevailing Yin, primarily constituting a cold syndrome.
More Jue and less heat indicate recovery; less Jue and more heat indicate an adverse progression. Regarding diarrhea, if Jue precedes heat, the diarrhea will stop spontaneously due to Yang recovery; if Jue reappears with diarrhea, Yin has regained dominance. If pathogens are knotted in the chest, preventing Yang Qi distribution and causing cold extremities, emesis is indicated due to excess Yin. Accompanied by aversion to cold and curling up, this represents extreme Yin.