妊娠日月未足，胎气未全而产者，谓之半产。盖由妊妇冲任气虚，不能滋养于胎，胎气不固，或颠扑闪坠，
致气血损动，或因热病温疟之类，皆令半产，不可轻视，将养十倍于正产也。薛立斋曰∶小产重于大产，盖大产
如栗熟自脱，小产如生采，破其皮壳，断其根蒂也。但人轻忽致死者多，治法宜补脏气，生新血，去瘀血。若
未足月，痛而欲产，芎归补中汤倍加知母止之；若产而血不止，人参黄 汤补之；产而心腹痛，当归川芎汤主
之；胎气弱而小产者，八珍汤固之；若出血过多而发热者，圣愈汤；汗出不止急用独参汤；发热烦躁，大渴面
赤，脉洪大而虚，当归补血汤；身热面赤，脉沉而微，四君子汤加姜附。丹溪曰∶气血虚损，不足荣养，其胎
自坠，推原其本，皆因于热火能消物，造化自然，《病源》乃谓风冷伤于子脏而坠，此未得病情者也。予见贾
氏妇，但有孕三月左右必坠，诊其脉左手大而无力，重取则涩，知其血少也，以其妙年，只补中气，使血自荣，
时正夏初，教以浓煎白术汤，下黄芩末一钱，服三、四十帖，遂得保全。一妇年三十余岁，有胎必坠，察其性
急多怒，色黑气实，此相火大盛，不能生气，反食气伤精故也，因令用黄芩、白术、当归、甘草，自二月用起，
三月尽止，后生一子。
济生芎归补中汤
治怀孕血气虚弱，不能卫养，以致半产，服此可保安全。凡怀孕数月即坠，不治久则不孕。
芎 五味子 阿胶（蛤粉炒，各一钱） 黄 （蜜炙） 当归（酒浸） 白芍药 白术（各一钱半）
人参（七分） 杜仲（去粗皮，炒去丝，一钱） 木香 甘草（各五分）
一方加干姜八分，有火者去之。上作一服，水二钟煎至一钟，
不拘时服。
阿胶汤
治数坠胎，小腹疗痛不可忍。
阿胶（炒成珠） 熟干地黄（焙） 艾叶（微炒） 川芎 当归（焙） 杜仲（去粗皮，炙。各一钱半）
甘草（炙八分）
上用水一钟半煎七分，温服，大抵治法，宜审某月属某经，育养而治之。
人参黄 汤
治生产气虚，血下不止。
人参 黄 （炙） 当归 白术（炒） 白芍（炒） 艾叶（各一钱） 阿胶（炒，二钱）
上作一剂水煎服。
龙骨散
治损娠下血不止。
龙骨 当归 地黄（各五钱） 艾叶（三钱） 地榆 阿胶（炒） 芍药 干姜（各四钱） 蒲黄
（三钱） 牛角腮（炙焦，六钱）
上共为细末，每服三钱，食前米饮调下。
千金疗落胎下血不止方∶
生地黄汁一小盏，调代赭石末一钱，日三服。
又方
治下血不止腹痛。
阿胶（一两炒） 艾叶（半两）
水一大盏，煎六分去滓，空心服。
又方
治下血不止疼痛，亦治小便不禁。
家鸡翎（烧灰细研，温酒调下二钱，少顷再服，以效为度。）
红兰花散
治坠胎后血不出，奔心闷绝不识人。
红兰（微炒过） 男子发（烧存性） 京墨（烧红） 血竭（研） 蒲黄（隔纸炒。各等分）
上为细末，以童便小半盏调二钱，服之立效。
鹿角散
治坠胎下血不尽，烦满狂闷，时发寒热。
鹿角屑（一两，炒为末。）
上用水一大碗，煎豉一合，取汁六分，分三服，调鹿角屑二钱，日三服。
当归汤
治坠胎胎衣不出。
当归（炒） 牛膝（酒浸焙。各一钱半） 木通（一钱半） 滑石（研，二钱） 冬葵子（炒，二钱）
瞿麦穗（一钱）
水一大钟，煎七分温服，未下再服。
又方
以水 其面，加醋少许，神验。
当归川芎汤
治小产心腹痛或发热恶寒。
当归 川芎 熟地黄 白芍药（炒） 红花 香附 青皮 玄胡索（炒） 泽兰 牡丹皮 桃仁（各等分）
上水煎，入童便、酒各小盅，温服。
若以手按腹愈痛，此瘀血为患，宜此药或失笑散（方见血晕）；若按之不痛，此是血虚，宜四物参苓白术；
若痛而作呕，此是胃虚，宜六君子汤。
当归补血汤（方见虚烦发热）。
圣愈汤
治小产后血虚心烦，睡卧不宁，或五心烦热。
熟地黄（酒蒸半日） 生地黄（酒浸） 川芎 人参（各一钱） 当归（酒浸） 黄 （炙。各八分）
水煎服。
妊娠时间未满，胎气尚未成熟便分娩的，称为半产（小产）。这通常是因为孕妇冲任二脉气虚，无法滋养胎儿，导致胎气不固；或者是因跌倒、撞击、闪挫或坠落，致使气血受损动荡；又或因热病、温疟等疾病引起，都会导致半产。对此不可轻视，调养护理需比正常分娩多十倍。薛立斋说：小产重于大产，因为正常分娩如同栗子成熟自然脱落，而小产如同生采，破坏了外壳，切断了根蒂。但人们往往轻视，导致死亡的情况很多。治疗方法应当补益脏腑之气，生成新血，祛除瘀血。如果未满月，腹痛欲产，可用芎归补中汤倍加知母以制止；如果产后出血不止，用人参黄芪汤补益；产后心腹疼痛，用当归川芎汤主治；胎气虚弱导致小产的，用八珍汤巩固；如果出血过多且发热，用圣愈汤；汗出不止，急用独参汤；发热烦躁，大渴面赤，脉象洪大而虚，用当归补血汤；身热面赤，脉沉而微，用四君子汤加干姜、附子。丹溪说：气血虚损，不足以荣养胎儿，胎儿自然会坠落。推究其根本，都是因为热火能消蚀万物，这是造化的自然规律，《诸病源候论》却说是风冷损伤子宫导致坠落，这是未得病情真相的说法。我见过贾姓妇女，怀孕三个月左右必然流产，诊察她的脉象左手大而无力，重按则涩，知道她是血少。因为她正值青春年少，只补中气，使血液自然充盈。当时正值夏初，教她浓煎白术汤，送服黄芩末一钱，服用三四十帖后，终于保全了胎儿。另一位三十多岁的妇女，有胎必坠，观察她性情急躁易怒，面色黑而气实，这是相火旺盛，不能生气，反而耗气伤精所致。因此令她用黄芩、白术、当归、甘草，从二月开始服用，到三月结束，后来生下一个儿子。
济生芎归补中汤
治疗怀孕时血气虚弱，不能护卫滋养，以致发生半产，服用此方可保安全。凡是怀孕数月即流产者，若不治疗，久则会导致不孕。
川芎、五味子、阿胶（蛤粉炒，各一钱）、黄芪（蜜炙）、当归（酒浸）、白芍药、白术（各一钱半）、人参（七分）、杜仲（去粗皮，炒去丝，一钱）、木香、甘草（各五分）。
一方加干姜八分，有火热者去掉。以上为一剂，用水两钟煎至一钟，不拘时候服用。
阿胶汤
治疗多次流产，小腹疗痛难以忍受。
阿胶（炒成珠状）、熟干地黄（焙）、艾叶（微炒）、川芎、当归（焙）、杜仲（去粗皮，炙，各一钱半）、甘草（炙八分）。
以上用水一钟半煎至七分，温服。大抵治疗方法，应当审察某月属于哪一经，针对性地育养和治疗。
人参黄芪汤
治疗生产时气虚，下血不止。
人参、黄芪（炙）、当归、白术（炒）、白芍（炒）、艾叶（各一钱）、阿胶（炒，二钱）。
以上作一剂水煎服。
龙骨散
治疗妊娠期间下血不止。
龙骨、当归、地黄（各五钱）、艾叶（三钱）、地榆、阿胶（炒）、芍药、干姜（各四钱）、蒲黄（三钱）、牛角腮（炙焦，六钱）。
以上共研为细末，每次服用三钱，饭前用米饮调下。
千金疗落胎下血不止方：
生地黄汁一小盏，调代赭石末一钱，每日三次服用。
又方
治疗下血不止腹痛。
阿胶（一两炒）、艾叶（半两）。
用水一大盏，煎至六分，去渣，空腹服用。
又方
治疗下血不止疼痛，也治疗小便不禁。
家鸡翎（烧灰细研，温酒调下二钱，过一会儿再服，以见效为度。）
红兰花散
治疗坠胎后血不出，血气上奔心胸闷绝，不识人。
红兰（微炒过）、男子发（烧存性）、京墨（烧红）、血竭（研）、蒲黄（隔纸炒，各等分）。
以上为细末，用童子尿小半盏调二钱，服用后立即见效。
鹿角散
治疗坠胎后下血不尽，烦满狂闷，时而发寒热。
鹿角屑（一两，炒为末）。
以上用水一大碗，煎豆豉一合，取汁六分，分三次服用，调入鹿角屑二钱，每日三次服用。
当归汤
治疗坠胎后胎衣不出。
当归（炒）、牛膝（酒浸焙，各一钱半）、木通（一钱半）、滑石（研，二钱）、冬葵子（炒，二钱）、瞿麦穗（一钱）。
用水一大钟，煎至七分温服，若未排出再服。
又方
用水洗其面部，加少许醋，神效。
当归川芎汤
治疗小产用心腹疼痛或发热恶寒。
当归、川芎、熟地黄、白芍药（炒）、红花、香附、青皮、玄胡索（炒）、泽兰、牡丹皮、桃仁（各等分）。
以上水煎，加入童子尿、酒各小盅，温服。
如果用手指按压腹部疼痛加剧，这是瘀血为患，宜用此药或失笑散（方见血晕）；如果按压不痛，这是血虚，宜用四物汤加人参、茯苓、白术；如果疼痛且呕吐，这是胃虚，宜用六君子汤。
圣愈汤
治疗小产后血虚心烦，睡卧不宁，或五心烦热。
熟地黄（酒蒸半日）、生地黄（酒浸）、川芎、人参（各一钱）、当归（酒浸）、黄芪（炙，各八分）。
水煎服。
If delivery occurs before the gestational period is complete and the fetal Qi (vital energy) has not fully matured, it is termed Ban Chan (spontaneous abortion). This is generally due to deficiency of Qi in the Chong and Ren vessels in the pregnant woman, which fails to nourish the fetus, leading to instability of fetal Qi. It may also result from falls, bumps, sprains, or drops that damage and disturb Qi and Blood, or from febrile diseases such as warm malaria. All these can cause spontaneous abortion and must not be taken lightly; convalescence requires ten times the care of a normal delivery. Xue Lizhai stated: "Spontaneous abortion is more severe than term delivery. Term delivery is like a ripe chestnut falling naturally, whereas spontaneous abortion is like picking it unripe, breaking its shell and severing its root." However, many people neglect this and die as a result. The treatment method should focus on tonifying Zang-Fu organ Qi, generating new Blood, and removing Blood stasis. If delivery is threatened before full term with abdominal pain, Xiong Gui Bu Zhong Tang (Cnidium and Angelica Decoction to Tonify the Middle) with added Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) should be used to stop it. If bleeding continues after delivery, Renshen Huangqi Tang (Ginseng and Astragalus Decoction) should be used to tonify. If there is heart and abdominal pain after delivery, Danggui Chuanxiong Tang (Angelica and Ligusticum Decoction) is indicated. For spontaneous abortion due to weak fetal Qi, Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) is used to consolidate. If there is excessive bleeding accompanied by fever, Shengyu Tang (Supreme Healing Decoction) is used. If sweating continues uncontrollably, Dushen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction) should be used urgently. If there is fever, irritability, intense thirst, red face, and a洪大 (surging and large) yet empty pulse, Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Tonifying Blood Decoction) is indicated. If there is body heat, red face, and a deep and faint pulse, Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) is used. Danxi said: "Deficiency and damage of Qi and Blood fail to nourish the fetus, causing it to fall spontaneously. Tracing to the root, this is because fire-heat consumes things, which is the natural order of creation. 'Bing Yuan' attributes uterine prolapse to wind-cold injuring the Zi Zang (uterus), which misses the true nature of the condition." I observed a Mrs. Jia who inevitably miscarried around three months of pregnancy. Her pulse was large and powerless on the left hand, and choppy upon heavy pressure, indicating Blood deficiency. As she was young, I only tonified Middle Qi so that Blood would naturally flourish. It was early summer, so I taught her to brew Baizhu Tang (Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) thickly and take one Qian of Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) powder. After taking 30-40 doses, she successfully preserved the pregnancy. Another woman in her thirties always miscarried. Observing her irritable and angry temperament, dark complexion, and solid Qi, I determined this was due to excessive Minister Fire failing to generate Qi and instead consuming Qi and damaging Essence. Therefore, I prescribed Huangqin, Baizhu, Danggui, and Gancao, starting from the second month until the end of the third month, after which she gave birth to a son.
Jisheng Xiong Gui Bu Zhong Tang
Treats spontaneous abortion caused by weak Qi and Blood during pregnancy, which fail to protect and nourish. Taking this formula ensures safety. Frequent miscarriage in early pregnancy, if untreated, leads to infertility.
Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, stir-fried with clam powder, each 1 Qian), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-fried), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, wine-soaked), Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome, each 1.5 Qian), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 0.7 Qian), Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, coarse skin removed, stir-fried to remove silk threads, 1 Qian), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root, each 0.5 Qian).
One variation adds Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 0.8 Qian); remove if there is fire-heat. Take all ingredients as one dose, decoct in two Zhong of water until one Zhong remains. Take at any time.
Ejiao Tang
Treats recurrent miscarriage with unbearable abdominal pain.
Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, stir-fried until bead-like), Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, baked), Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, slightly stir-fried), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, baked), Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, coarse skin removed, roasted, each 1.5 Qian), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted, 0.8 Qian).
Decoct in one and a half Zhong of water until seven parts remain. Take warm. Generally, treatment should consider which meridian corresponds to the current month and treat accordingly to nurture the fetus.
Renshen Huangqi Tang
Treats postpartum Qi deficiency with continuous bleeding.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, roasted), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome, stir-fried), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, stir-fried), Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, each 1 Qian), Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, stir-fried, 2 Qian).
Take as one dose, decoct in water and drink.
Longgu San
Treats continuous bleeding during pregnancy.
Longgu (Fossilized Bones), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, each 5 Qian), Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, 3 Qian), Diyuyu (Sanguisorbae Radix), Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, stir-fried), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, each 4 Qian), Puhuang (Typhae Pollen, 3 Qian), Niujiaoshan (Buffalo Horn Scale, roasted until charred, 6 Qian).
Grind all into fine powder. Take 3 Qian per dose, mixed with rice water before meals.
Qianjin Formula for Stopping Bleeding After Miscarriage:
Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, fresh juice, one small cup) mixed with Daizheshi (Haematitum, 1 Qian powder). Take three times daily.
Another Formula
Treats continuous bleeding and abdominal pain.
Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, 1 Liang stir-fried), Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, 0.5 Liang).
Decoct in one large cup of water until six parts remain. Strain and take on an empty stomach.
Another Formula
Treats continuous bleeding and pain, also treats urinary incontinence.
Jialing (Chicken Feather, burnt to ash, finely ground). Take 2 Qian with warm wine. Repeat after a short while until effective.
Honglan Hua San
Treats retained blood after miscarriage causing rushing sensation to the heart, suffocation, unconsciousness, and loss of awareness.
Honglan (Stir-fried slightly), Nanrenfa (Human Hair, burnt to retain properties), Jingmo (Beijing Ink, burnt red), Xuexie (Daemonorops Draco Resin, ground), Puhuang (Typhae Pollen, stir-fried through paper, equal parts).
Grind into fine powder. Mix 2 Qian with a small half cup of child's urine. Take immediately for effect.
Lujiao San
Treats incomplete expulsion of blood after miscarriage, causing irritability, fullness, mania, dizziness, and alternating chills and fever.
Lujiaoxie (Deer Antler Scraps, 1 Liang, stir-fried and powdered).
Decoct Douchi (Fermented Soybeans, 1 He) in one large bowl of water until six parts remain. Divide into three doses. Mix with 2 Qian of Deer Antler Powder. Take three times daily.
Danggui Tang
Treats retention of placenta after miscarriage.
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, stir-fried), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, wine-soaked and baked, each 1.5 Qian), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, 1.5 Qian), Huashi (Talcum, ground, 2 Qian), Dongkuizi (Malvae Semen, stir-fried, 2 Qian), Qumaisui (Persicariae Herba, 1 Qian).
Decoct in one large cup of water until seven parts remain. Take warm. If not expelled, take again.
Another Formula
Wash the face with water, add a little vinegar. Miraculous effect.
Danggui Chuanxiong Tang
Treats heart and abdominal pain or fever with aversion to cold after spontaneous abortion.
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, stir-fried), Honghua (Carthami Flos), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Yanshusuo (Corydalis Rhizoma, stir-fried), Zelan (Leonuri Herba), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Taoren (Persicae Semen, equal parts).
Decoct in water. Add a small cup of child's urine and wine. Take warm.
If pressing the abdomen increases pain, this is Blood stasis. Use this formula or Shixiao San (Formula see Blood Syncope). If pressing does not increase pain, this is Blood deficiency. Use Siwu Tang plus Renshen, Fuling, and Baizhu. If pain is accompanied by vomiting, this is Stomach deficiency. Use Liujunzi Tang.
Danggui Buxue Tang (Formula see Deficient Heat with Irritability).
Shengyu Tang
Treats post-miscarriage Blood deficiency causing irritability, restlessness in sleep, or five-palm heat.
Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, steamed in wine for half a day), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, wine-soaked), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, each 1 Qian), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, wine-soaked), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, roasted, each 0.8 Qian).
Decoct in water and drink.