恶风者，见风则怯，密室之中，无所恶也。风伤卫气，卫虚，则腠理不密，由是而恶矣，悉属
于阳，非比恶寒，有阴阳之别。若无汗而恶寒者，为伤寒，当发其汗。汗出而恶风者，则为中风，
当解其肌，不可更发汗。若里证甚而恶风未罢者，尤当先解其表。三阳风湿，皆有此证，不可不辩。
太阳中风，阳浮阴弱，恶风自汗，发热鼻鸣，干呕，桂枝汤。头痛发热，身疼腰痛，骨节疼，
恶风无汗而喘，麻黄汤。
发汗太过，卫虚亡阳，遂漏不止而恶风者，法当用温，桂枝附子汤。
小便难，四肢微急，难以屈伸，治与上同。
若吐、若下后七八日不解，表里俱热，时恶风，大渴，舌干燥而烦，白虎加人参汤。
汗不止，必恶风，烦躁不得卧，先防风白术牡蛎汤，次小建中汤。
风湿，恶风不欲去衣，骨节烦疼，不得屈伸，汗出短气，小便不利，或身微肿，甘草附子汤。
脉浮身重，汗出恶风，防己黄 汤。
恶寒者，不见风亦恶寒，身虽热亦不欲去衣被。其风寒客于荣卫，阴气上入阳中，则洒淅而恶
寒也。经曰∶发热恶寒者，发于阳也。无热恶寒者，发于阴也。谓如或已发热，或未发热，必先恶
寒，而继之以发热，此则发于阳也。若初病恶寒而
倦，脉沉细而紧，此则为热发于阴也。在阳则发汗，在阴则温里。或下证悉具而微恶寒者，是表犹
未解，当先解表，而后攻里。若少阴病，恶寒而倦，手足厥冷，自利烦躁，脉不至者，又为不治之
证。
太阳病，发热，或未发热，恶寒有汗，桂枝汤；无汗，麻黄汤。
病发热恶寒，热多寒少，脉微弱者，无阳也，不可发汗，越婢汤。
阳明病固宜下，微恶寒者，系与太阳合病，在经，属表，可发汗，麻黄汤。若脉迟汗多，微恶
寒者，表未解也，虽阳明证，可桂枝汤。
少阳病，头汗出，微恶寒，柴胡桂枝汤。
发热，汗出后恶寒而呕，但心下痞者，五苓散。发汗后恶寒者，虚也，芍药附子甘草汤。
恶寒，脉微而复利，正亡血也，四逆汤加人参。汗后恶寒，脉细数浮迟，呕不止，理中丸。
大下后复发汗，心下痞而恶寒，表未解也，当先解表，桂枝汤，后攻痞，三黄泻心汤。
太阳病，下后脉促胸满者，桂枝去芍药。若微恶寒者，桂枝加芍药附子汤。
少阴病，脉沉细，恶寒者，四逆汤。若下利，恶寒而倦，手足温者，小建中汤。若恶寒而倦，
时时自烦，不欲浓衣，大柴胡汤。
亡血家不可发汗，汗之则寒栗而振，小柴胡汤、芍药汤。
脉弱者不可发汗，汗之，则寒栗不能自还，当归四逆汤。
恶风，是指见到风就感到害怕，在密闭的房间里则没有这种厌恶感。风邪损伤卫气，卫气虚弱，导致腠理（皮肤毛孔及肌肉间隙）不紧密，因此产生恶风症状，这全部属于阳证，不同于恶寒，恶寒有阴证和阳证的区别。如果没有汗且恶寒，这是伤寒，应当用发汗法治疗。如果有汗且恶风，这是中风，应当解肌祛风，不可再用发汗法。如果里证严重而恶风的症状尚未消除，尤其应当先解除表证。三阳经的风湿病，都有这种症状，不可不加以辨别。
太阳中风证，脉象阳浮阴弱，表现为恶风、自汗、发热、鼻鸣、干呕，用桂枝汤治疗。头痛、发热、身体疼痛、腰痛、骨节疼痛，恶风、无汗且气喘，用麻黄汤治疗。
发汗太过，导致卫气虚弱、阳气亡失，于是汗漏不止且恶风，治法应当用温阳法，用桂枝附子汤治疗。
小便困难，四肢轻微拘急，难以屈伸，治疗方法与上述相同。
如果在呕吐或泻下后七八天病情仍未解除，表里俱热，时常恶风，极度口渴，舌面干燥且烦躁，用白虎加人参汤治疗。
汗出不止，必然恶风，烦躁不能安卧，先用防风白术牡蛎汤治疗，后用小建中汤治疗。
风湿病，恶风不想穿衣，骨节烦痛，不能屈伸，出汗、气短，小便不利，或者身体轻微浮肿，用甘草附子汤治疗。
恶寒，是指不见风也感到寒冷，身体虽然发热也不愿脱去衣被。风寒邪气客居于营卫之间，阴气上入阳分，就会战栗而恶寒。医经说：发热且恶寒的，是发于阳经；无热而恶寒的，是发于阴经。比如有的已经发热，有的尚未发热，必定先出现恶寒，随后才出现发热，这就是发于阳经。如果初起就恶寒且疲倦，脉象沉细而紧，这就是热邪发于阴经。病在阳经应当发汗，病在阴经应当温补里虚。如果具备了下法的指征但仍有轻微恶寒，说明表证尚未解除，应当先解除表证，然后再攻逐里实。如果是少阴病，恶寒且疲倦，手足厥冷，自发性腹泻且烦躁，脉象摸不到的，又属于不治之证。
太阳病，发热，或者尚未发热，恶寒且有汗，用桂枝汤；无汗，用麻黄汤。
患病发热恶寒，热多寒少，脉象微弱的，是无阳气的表现，不可发汗，用越婢汤治疗。
阳明病本应当用下法，但有轻微恶寒的，是与太阳病合病，病在经络，属于表证，可以发汗，用麻黄汤。如果脉迟、汗多、轻微恶寒的，说明表证未解，虽然有阳明病的症状，也可以用桂枝汤。
发热，出汗后恶寒且呕吐，只有心下痞塞感的，用五苓散治疗。发汗后恶寒的，是正气虚弱，用芍药附子甘草汤治疗。
恶寒，脉微弱且再次腹泻，这是正血亡失的表现，用四逆汤加人参治疗。发汗后恶寒，脉细数浮迟，呕吐不止，用理中丸治疗。
大泻下后又发汗，心下痞塞且恶寒，说明表证未解，应当先解表，用桂枝汤，之后攻逐痞满，用三黄泻心汤治疗。
太阳病，泻下后脉促、胸满的，用桂枝去芍药汤。如果轻微恶寒的，用桂枝加芍药附子汤。
少阴病，脉沉细，恶寒的，用四逆汤。如果腹泻，恶寒且疲倦，手足温暖的，用小建中汤。如果恶寒且疲倦，时常自我烦躁，不喜欢穿厚衣服，用大柴胡汤治疗。
Wind aversion (Fear of wind) refers to feeling afraid upon seeing wind, while there is no such aversion in a sealed room. Wind pathogen damages the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), and when Wei Qi is deficient, the Cou Li (skin pores and interstitial spaces) become loose, leading to wind aversion. This all belongs to Yang syndromes, unlike cold aversion, which has distinctions between Yin and Yang. If there is no sweat and cold aversion exists, it is Cold Damage (Shanghan), and diaphoresis should be induced. If there is sweat and wind aversion, it is Wind Strike (Zhongfeng), and the muscles should be resolved; diaphoresis must not be used again. If interior symptoms are severe while wind aversion persists, the exterior syndrome must particularly be resolved first. Rheumatism affecting the three Yang meridians all present with this symptom and must be distinguished carefully.
In Taiyang Wind Strike syndrome, the pulse is floating on the superficial layer and weak on the deep layer, presenting with wind aversion, spontaneous sweating, fever, nasal congestion with roaring sound, and dry heaves; Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. For headache, fever, body ache, lower back pain, bone and joint pain, wind aversion, anhidrosis, and wheezing, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is indicated.
Excessive diaphoresis leads to Wei Qi deficiency and loss of Yang Qi, resulting in unceasing leakage of sweat and wind aversion. The treatment method should employ warming, using Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction).
For difficult urination, slight stiffness of the four limbs, and difficulty in flexion and extension, the treatment is the same as above.
If after vomiting or purgation, the condition remains unresolved after seven or eight days, with heat in both the interior and exterior, intermittent wind aversion, extreme thirst, dry tongue, and irritability, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is indicated.
Unceasing sweating inevitably causes wind aversion, irritability, and inability to lie down. Fangfeng Baizhu Muli Tang (Saposhnikovia, Atractylodes Macrocephala, and Oyster Shell Decoction) should be administered first, followed by Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction).
In rheumatism, wind aversion with a desire to keep clothes on, vexing pain in the bone and joints, inability to flex and extend, sweating, shortness of breath, difficult urination, or slight bodily edema indicate Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction).
Floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, and wind aversion indicate Fangji Huangqi Tang (Stephania and Astragalus Decoction).
Cold aversion (Aversion to cold) refers to feeling cold even without exposure to wind; although the body may be hot, there is no desire to remove clothing or blankets. When Wind-Cold pathogens lodge in the Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi, and Yin Qi ascends into the Yang region, shivering and cold aversion occur. The Classics state: Fever accompanied by cold aversion indicates onset from Yang; absence of fever with cold aversion indicates onset from Yin. For instance, whether fever has already appeared or not, cold aversion invariably precedes fever, indicating onset from Yang. If initially there is cold aversion and fatigue, with a deep, fine, and tight pulse, this indicates heat originating from Yin. Syndromes in Yang require diaphoresis, while those in Yin require warming the interior. If purgative indications are fully present but mild cold aversion exists, the exterior has not yet been resolved; the exterior should be resolved first, followed by attacking the interior. In Shaoyin disease, cold aversion with fatigue, cold extremities, spontaneous diarrhea, irritability, and an imperceptible pulse constitute an untreatable condition.
In Taiyang disease, with fever or pre-fever stage, cold aversion with sweating, Guizhi Tang is indicated; without sweating, Mahuang Tang is indicated.
Disease presenting with fever and cold aversion, where heat predominates over cold, and a weak pulse, indicates absence of Yang Qi; diaphoresis is contraindicated, and Yebing Tang (Yeast Broth Decoction) is indicated.
Yangming disease generally requires purgation, but if mild cold aversion exists, it is a combined disease with Taiyang, located in the meridians and belonging to the exterior; diaphoresis can be used, with Mahuang Tang. If the pulse is slow, sweating is profuse, and there is mild cold aversion, the exterior is not yet resolved; despite Yangming symptoms, Guizhi Tang can be used.
Shaoyang disease, with sweating only on the head and mild cold aversion, is treated with Chaihu Guizhi Tang (Bupleurum and Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
Fever, followed by wind aversion and vomiting after sweating, with only epigastric fullness/stuffiness, is treated with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Cold aversion after diaphoresis indicates deficiency, treated with Shaoyao Fuzi Gancao Tang (Peony, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction).
Cold aversion with a faint pulse and subsequent diarrhea indicates loss of blood essence, treated with Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) plus Ren Shen (Ginseng). Cold aversion after sweating, with a fine, rapid, floating, and delayed pulse, and incessant vomiting, is treated with Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill).
After severe purgation followed by diaphoresis, epigastric fullness with cold aversion indicates the exterior is not yet resolved; resolve the exterior first with Guizhi Tang, then attack the fullness with Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (Three-Yellow Heart-Draining Decoction).
In Taiyang disease, after purgation, if the pulse is hurried and there is chest fullness, Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction minus Peony) is used. If there is mild cold aversion, Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Peony and Aconite) is used.
In Shaoyin disease, with a deep and fine pulse and cold aversion, Sini Tang is indicated. If there is diarrhea, cold aversion, fatigue, but warm extremities, Xiaojianzhong Tang is indicated. If there is cold aversion, fatigue, frequent self-irritability, and a dislike for thick clothing, Dachaibu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.
Patients who have lost blood should not undergo diaphoresis; inducing sweat will cause chills and trembling, treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) and Shaoyao Tang (Peony Decoction).
Those with a weak pulse should not undergo diaphoresis; inducing sweat will cause chills and inability to recover, treated with Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Sinensis and Cinnamon Twig Decoction).