浮，初排指于皮肤之上，轻手按之便得，曰浮。此为寒邪初入足太阳经，病
在表之标，可发而去之。虽然，治之则有二焉∶寒伤荣则无汗恶寒，用麻黄汤；风伤卫则有汗恶风，
用桂枝汤。一通一塞，不可同也。
浮紧有力，无汗恶寒，头痛项背强，发热，此为伤寒在表，宜发散，冬时用麻黄汤，余三时皆
用羌活冲和汤。有渴，加石膏、知母；无渴，不用加。
浮缓无力，有汗恶风，头疼项强，发热，此为伤风在表，冬时用桂枝汤，余三时皆用加减冲和
汤。腹痛，小建中汤；痛甚，桂枝加大黄汤。
中，按至皮肤之下，肌肉之间，略重按之乃得，谓之半表半里证也。然亦有二焉，盖少阳阳明
二经不从标本从乎中也。
长而有力，此为阳明证，有头疼眼眶痛，鼻干不得眠，发热无汗，葛根汤、解肌汤。若渴而有
汗不解，或经汗过不解而渴，白虎汤，或加人参；无汗不渴，并不可服，则为大忌。
弦而数，此为少阳经，其证胸胁痛而耳聋，或往来寒热而呕，俱用小柴胡汤。（有加减法。）
若两经合病，则脉弦而长，此汤加葛根、芍药。
沉，重手按至肌肉之下，筋骨之间方得，此为沉脉。亦有二焉，阴阳寒热在沉脉中分。若沉而
有力，则为阳，为热；沉而无力，则为阴，为寒也。
沉数有力，则为阳明之本，表解热入于里，恶寒头痛悉除，反觉恶热，欲揭衣被，扬手掷足，
谵语狂躁，口燥咽干，五六日不大便，轻则大柴胡汤，重则三承气汤选用。
沉迟无力，为寒，外证无热，不渴，反怕风寒，或面上恶寒甚如刀刮，或腹满胀痛，泄利，小
便清白，或大小腹痛，皆为阴证，轻则理中汤，重则四逆姜附汤。
伤寒至沉脉方分阴阳，仔细体认，下药不可造次，倘有差失，咎将归己。凡诊脉须分三部九候，
每部必先浮诊三候，轻轻手在皮肤之上，候脉来三动是也。中诊
三候，沉诊三候，三而三之而成九候。然后知病之浅深表里，以为处治之标的，岂可忽略于脉而欲
求病之所在乎？明脉识证，辩名定经，得乎心而应乎手，如此而治，有枉死者，吾不信也。若脉证
不明，处方无法，狂妄行医，视人命如草芥，他日不受天殃，吾亦不信也。
浮脉，将手指初置于皮肤表面，轻手按压即可触及，称为浮脉。这是寒邪刚刚侵入足太阳经，病位在体表的浅层，可以通过发汗的方法祛除。虽然如此，治疗时却有两种情况：寒邪损伤营分则无汗且恶寒，使用麻黄汤；风邪损伤卫分则有汗且恶风，使用桂枝汤。这两种治法一为通泄，一为固涩，不可混用。
浮紧而有力，无汗、恶寒、头痛、项背强直、发热，这是伤寒在表证，适宜发散解表，冬季时使用麻黄汤，其余三个季节均使用羌活冲和汤。如果有口渴症状，加入石膏、知母；如果没有口渴，则不添加。
浮缓而无力，有汗、恶风、头痛、项强、发热，这是伤风在表证，冬季时使用桂枝汤，其余三个季节均使用加减冲和汤。如果伴有腹痛，用小建中汤；如果疼痛剧烈，用桂枝加大黄汤。
中脉，将手指按至皮肤之下、肌肉之间，稍微加重力度才能触及，这被称为半表半里证。然而也有两种情况，因为少阳经和阳明经不从标本而从乎中气。
脉象长而有力，这是阳明证，症状包括头痛、眼眶痛、鼻干、失眠、发热、无汗，可用葛根汤或解肌汤。如果口渴且有汗但热不解，或者经过发汗治疗后仍不解且出现口渴，使用白虎汤，或者加人参；如果无汗且不渴，绝对不可服用，否则是大忌。
脉象弦而数，这是少阳经证，症状包括胸胁痛、耳聋，或者寒热往来、呕吐，均使用小柴胡汤。（有具体的加减方法。）如果两经合病，则脉象弦而长，此方中加入葛根、芍药。
沉脉，重手按压至肌肉之下、筋骨之间才能触及，这称为沉脉。也有两种情况，阴阳寒热在沉脉中进行区分。如果沉而有力，则为阳证，为热证；沉而无力，则为阴证，为寒证。
脉象沉数而有力，这是阳明病的本证，表证已解，热邪入里，恶寒和头痛完全消失，反而觉得怕热，想要揭开衣被，扬手掷足，说胡话、狂躁，口燥咽干，五六天不大便，病情较轻的用大柴胡汤，病情较重的选用三承气汤。
脉象沉迟而无力，属于寒证，外证无发热，不口渴，反而害怕风寒，或者面部极度怕冷如刀刮一般，或者腹部胀满疼痛、腹泻、小便清白，或者大小腹疼痛，都属于阴证，病情较轻的用理中汤，病情较重的用四逆姜附汤。
伤寒病发展到出现沉脉时才区分阴阳，必须仔细体察，使用攻下药不可草率，如果有失误，责任将由医生承担。凡是诊脉必须分三部九候，每部必须先进行浮诊三候，轻轻把手放在皮肤之上，观察脉搏跳动三次即为浮诊。中诊三候，沉诊三候，三乘以三成为九候。然后才能知道疾病的深浅表里，作为治疗的依据，怎么能忽略脉诊而想要找到疾病所在呢？明了脉象识别证候，辨别名称确定经络，心中领悟手法相应，这样进行治疗，如果有枉死的人，我不相信。如果脉证不明，处方没有法则，狂妄行医，视人命如草芥，日后不受天灾惩罚，我也不相信。
Fuh (Floating pulse), placing the fingers initially on the surface of the skin, and touching it with light pressure is called Fuh. This indicates that cold pathogen has just invaded the Foot-Taiyang Meridian (Foot-Taiyang Channel), and the disease is at the superficial level of the exterior; it can be expelled through sweating. Although so, there are two treatment approaches: if cold damages Ying (Nutritive Qi), there is no sweat and aversion to cold, use Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction); if wind damages Wei (Defensive Qi), there is sweat and aversion to wind, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). One method promotes unblocking, the other promotes securing, they cannot be used interchangeably.
Fuh Jin (Floating-tight) and forceful, with no sweat, aversion to cold, headache, stiffness in the neck and back, and fever, this is Shanghan (Cold Damage) at the exterior stage, suitable for dispersing and releasing the exterior. In winter, use Mahuang Tang; in the other three seasons, use Qianghuo Chonghe Tang (Notopterygium Harmonizing Decoction). If there is thirst, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma); if no thirst, do not add.
Fuh Huan (Floating-slow) and weak, with sweat, aversion to wind, headache, neck stiffness, and fever, this is Shangfeng (Wind Strike) at the exterior stage. In winter, use Guizhi Tang; in the other three seasons, use Ji Jian Chonghe Tang (Modified Harmonizing Decoction). If accompanied by abdominal pain, use Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction); if pain is severe, use Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Rheum).
Zhong (Middle pulse), pressing the fingers below the skin into the muscles, requiring slightly heavier pressure to detect, is referred to as Ban Biao Ban Li Zheng (Half-Exterior Half-Interior Syndrome). However, there are also two types, because Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) and Yangming (Greater Yang) meridians follow the "Zhong" (Middle) aspect rather than the "Biao" (Exterior) or "Ben" (Root).
Mai Xiang Er You Li (Pulse long and forceful) indicates Yangming Zheng (Yangming Syndrome), with symptoms of headache, orbital pain, dry nose, insomnia, fever, and no sweat; Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) or Jiexi Tang (Muscle-Releasing Decoction) may be used. If there is thirst, sweat, but heat persists, or if after sweating therapy the heat persists and thirst appears, use Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction), or add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma); if there is no sweat and no thirst, it is absolutely contraindicated, which would be a major taboo.
Mai Xuan Er Shuo (Pulse wiry and rapid) indicates Shaoyjing Jing (Shaoyang Meridian) syndrome, with symptoms of chest and hypochondriac pain, deafness, or alternating chills and fever with vomiting; all should use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). (There are specific modification methods.) If both meridians are affected simultaneously (He Bing), the pulse is wiry and long; add Gegen and Shaoyao to this formula.
Chen (Deep pulse), pressing heavily until below the muscles into the region between sinews and bones to detect it, is called Chen Mai (Deep Pulse). There are also two types, distinguishing Yin/Yin and Heat/Cold within the Deep pulse. If Chen Er You Li (Deep and forceful), it is Yang, indicating Heat; if Chen Er Wu Li (Deep and weak), it is Yin, indicating Cold.
Chen Shuo Er You Li (Deep, rapid, and forceful) indicates the root of Yangming Bing (Yangming Disease), where the exterior syndrome has resolved and heat has entered the interior. Aversion to cold and headache have completely disappeared, replaced by aversion to heat, desire to remove clothes and blankets, waving hands and throwing feet, delirium, mania, dry mouth and throat, and constipation for five to six days. For mild cases, use Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction); for severe cases, select from the Three Chengqi Tangs (Three Bowel-Purging Decoctions).
Chen Chi Er Wu Li (Deep, slow, and weak) indicates Cold. External signs include no fever, no thirst, aversion to wind and cold, or extreme facial aversion to cold as if scraped by a knife, abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea, clear and white urine, or pain in the large or small abdomen. All belong to Yin Zheng (Yin Syndrome). For mild cases, use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); for severe cases, use Sini Jiangfu Tang (Reverse the Collapse Ginger and Aconite Decoction).
Shanghan (Cold Damage) reaches the point of distinguishing Yin and Yang only when the Chen Mai (Deep Pulse) appears; one must carefully perceive it. The use of purgative herbs must not be rash. If there is an error, the responsibility falls upon oneself. Whenever diagnosing the pulse, one must distinguish the Three Regions and Nine Positions. For each region, one must first perform the Floating assessment (San Hou - Three Phases): lightly placing the hand on the skin to observe three pulse beats. Then the Middle assessment (San Hou), and finally the Deep assessment (San Hou). Three times three constitute the Nine Positions. Only then can one know the depth and location (exterior/interior) of the disease, establishing the target for treatment. How can one ignore pulse diagnosis and attempt to locate the disease? To understand pulses, recognize syndromes, differentiate names, and determine meridians, applying heart knowledge to hand technique—such treatment ensures that I do not believe anyone would die wrongly. If pulses and syndromes are unclear, prescriptions lack method, and one practices medicine recklessly, treating human life like grass, I do not believe one will escape heavenly punishment later.