仲景以浮缓脉为中风脉。浮涩而紧。为伤寒脉。中风有汗。伤寒无汗。何也。内经云。
滑者阴气有余也。涩者阳气有余也。阳气有余。则身热无汗。阴气有余。则多汗身寒。
大抵阴阳欲其适平而已。阳气不足。阴往乘之。故阴有余。阴气不足。阳往从之。故阳有余。风
伤于卫。则荣不受病。故阳不足而阴有余。是以中风脉浮而缓。必多汗也。寒伤于荣。则
卫未受病。故阴不足而阳有余。是以伤寒脉浮涩而紧。亦为无汗也。仲景辨二者脉证。亦有所受
者矣。
仲景云。凡伤寒之病。多从风寒得之。始表中风寒。入里、则不消矣。拟欲攻之。当先解表。
乃可下之。若表已解而内不消。大满大实坚有燥屎。自可除下之。虽四五日不能为祸也。不宜下而
便攻之。内虚热入。协热遂利。烦躁诸变。不可胜数。轻者困笃。重者必死矣。（元本重复、浅识者难晓。
故予删正此一段。而其理易明也。）大抵风寒入里不消。必
有燥屎。或大便坚秘。须是脉不浮。不恶风寒。表证罢。乃可下之。大便不通。虽四五日。未
能为害。若罔顾表而便下之。遂为协热利也。
仲景云。脉虚身热。得之伤暑。又云。其脉弦细芤迟。何也。素问曰。寒伤形。热伤气。盖伤气
而不伤形。则气消而脉虚弱。所谓弦细芤迟。皆虚脉也。仲景以弦为阴。而朱肱亦云。中暑脉细弱。
则皆虚脉也可知矣。
张仲景认为，浮缓脉是中风病的脉象。浮涩而紧的脉象，是伤寒病的脉象。中风病多有汗出，伤寒病则无汗，这是为什么呢？《内经》说：滑脉表示阴气有余；涩脉表示阳气有余。阳气有余，就会导致身体发热、无汗；阴气有余，就会导致多汗、身体发冷。大抵阴阳之气应当保持平衡协调。如果阳气不足，阴气就会乘虚侵袭，所以表现为阴气有余；如果阴气不足，阳气就会随之偏盛，所以表现为阳气有余。风邪伤害卫气，而营气未受病，因此导致阳气不足而阴气相对有余，所以中风病的脉象浮而缓，必然伴有较多汗出。寒邪伤害营气，而卫气未受病，因此导致阴气不足而阳气相对有余，所以伤寒病的脉象浮涩而紧，也表现为无汗。张仲景辨别这两种疾病的脉证，也是有所依据的。
张仲景说：凡是伤寒病，大多从感受风寒引起。起初风寒在表，如果传入体内，就不会自行消散。想要攻逐里实，应当先解表，然后才可以攻下。如果表证已解而体内积滞不消，出现腹部胀满、结实坚硬且有燥屎的情况，自然可以使用泻下法。即使病程已有四五日，也不会造成祸害。如果不适合攻下却强行攻下，会导致内脏虚弱、热邪内陷，引发协热下利以及各种烦躁等变证，其数量多得数不清。轻者病情加重，重者必然死亡。（原本此处有重复内容，浅薄见识的人难以理解，所以我删改校正了这一段，使得道理更容易明白。）大抵风寒入里不能消散，必然会有燥屎，或者大便干结秘不通畅。必须等到脉象不浮、没有恶风寒的感觉、表证完全解除后，才可以攻下。大便不通，即使过了四五日，也不会造成危害。如果无视表证而直接攻下，就会导致协热下利。
张仲景说：脉象虚弱且身体发热，这是伤暑所致。又说：脉象弦细芤迟，这是为什么呢？《素问》说：寒邪伤害形体，热邪伤害气机。既然是伤气而不伤形，那么气就会消耗而脉象虚弱。所谓的弦、细、芤、迟，都属于虚脉。张仲景认为弦脉属阴，朱肱也说中暑脉象细弱，由此可知这些都属于虚脉。
Zhang Zhongjing considered the floating and moderate pulse (Fuhuan Mai) as the pulse of Wind-Stroke (Zhongfeng). The floating, choppy, and tight pulse (Fusai Er Jin) is the pulse of Cold Damage (Shanghan). Wind-Stroke is characterized by sweating, whereas Cold Damage is characterized by an absence of sweating. Why is this? The *Neijing* states: A slippery pulse indicates an excess of Yin Qi; a choppy pulse indicates an excess of Yang Qi. An excess of Yang Qi leads to body heat and absence of sweating; an excess of Yin Qi leads to profuse sweating and coldness of the body. Generally speaking, Yin and Yang should be in a state of balanced harmony. If Yang Qi is insufficient, Yin Qi invades it, resulting in an apparent excess of Yin. If Yin Qi is insufficient, Yang Qi follows it, resulting in an apparent excess of Yang. When Wind pathogen damages the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) remains unaffected, leading to insufficient Yang and relative excess of Yin. Therefore, the pulse in Wind-Stroke is floating and moderate, accompanied by profuse sweating. When Cold pathogen damages Ying Qi, Wei Qi remains unaffected, leading to insufficient Yin and relative excess of Yang. Therefore, the pulse in Cold Damage is floating, choppy, and tight, also characterized by absence of sweating. Zhang Zhongjing’s differentiation of the pulses and symptoms of these two conditions was based on such principles.
Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Generally, diseases of Cold Damage often arise from exposure to Wind-Cold. Initially, Wind-Cold resides in the exterior; if it penetrates inward, it will not resolve spontaneously. If one intends to attack the interior excess, one must first release the exterior before applying purgation. If the exterior is resolved but internal stagnation persists, presenting with severe fullness, solidity, hardness, and dry feces, purgation may naturally be applied. Even if four or five days have passed, this will not cause harm. However, if purgation is applied inappropriately when contraindicated, it causes deficiency in the interior and allows heat to penetrate, leading to Heat-Collateral Diarrhea (Xiere Li) and numerous other complications such as restlessness, which are too numerous to count. In mild cases, the condition becomes critical; in severe cases, death is inevitable." (The original text contained repetitions that were difficult for those with superficial understanding to comprehend; therefore, I deleted and corrected this section to make the principle clearer.) Generally, when Wind-Cold penetrates inward and fails to resolve, there must be dry feces or constipation with hard stools. Purgation should only be employed after the pulse is no longer floating, aversion to wind and cold has ceased, and all exterior signs have disappeared. Constipation, even if lasting four or five days, will not necessarily cause harm. However, ignoring the exterior condition and directly applying purgation will lead to Heat-Collateral Diarrhea.
Zhang Zhongjing stated: "A deficient pulse accompanied by fever is caused by Summerheat Injury (Shangshu)." He also said: "Why is the pulse wiry-thin-khollow-slow (Xian Xi Kou Chi)?" The *Suwen* states: "Cold damages the form (body structure); Heat damages the Qi." Since Heat damages Qi without damaging the form, Qi is consumed, resulting in a weak and deficient pulse. The wiry, thin, khollow, and slow pulses are all types of Deficient Pulses. Zhang Zhongjing regarded the wiry pulse as Yin, and Zhu Gong also stated that the pulse in Summerheat Stroke is fine and weak. Thus, it can be known that these are all Deficient Pulses.