内伤身痒，有实有虚；外感身痒，悉是表汗未出。故太阳症有身痒之条，阳明病有身如虫
行，皆是表邪无从而出，故身痒但坐以汗出不彻之故。夫表有风寒，则身痛；表有风热，则
身痒。总之，阳邪怫郁于肌表不得汗出，则皮肤作痒。太阳身痒，羌独败毒散。若阳明身
痒，干葛防风汤。少阳身痒，柴胡防风汤。《原病式》谓腠理闭密，阳气郁结，不得散越，则
发痒。故仲景用麻黄桂枝各半汤，辛散表邪。阳明篇曰，此久虚故也。言元气久虚，津液不
足之人，又冒外邪，因久虚之故，不能作汗逐邪，当散表邪，非言久虚而用补药。《活人》妄
以术附汤、黄 建中汤治，最为遗祸。
太阳得之八九日，如疟疾状，发热恶寒，热多寒少，其人不呕清便，欲自可，一日二三度
发。脉微缓者，为欲愈也，面色反有热色者，未欲愈也，以其不得小汗出，身必痒，宜桂枝
麻黄各半汤。
太阳症八九日，言如疟状，必其人不呕清便、脉微缓者，有欲愈之机，若面反有赤色，尚
是表邪未散，身必痒，故用发散表邪。
阳明病，法多汗，反无汗，其身如虫行皮中状者，此久虚故也。
阳明病，本多汗，今反无汗，则外邪攻注皮中如虫行之状，乃是元气素虚，不能作汗逐邪
故也。不立方，然散表补元，跃跃言外。
羌独败毒散 见发热。
干葛防风汤
干葛 防风 荆芥 甘草
太阳身痒，不用麻桂各半汤，而用羌独败毒散，阳明身痒，不用干葛汤原方，而用此方，
以表邪火郁故耳。
柴胡防风汤
柴胡 防风 荆芥 甘草
太阳阳明身痒，用前二方，若少阳身痒，则此方治之；若三阳合病身痒，当以三方合用。
桂枝麻黄各半汤 见发热。
内伤引起的身体瘙痒，有实证也有虚证；外感引起的身体瘙痒，都是因为表邪需要通过发汗排出而未能出汗所致。所以《伤寒论》中太阳病（太阳经受邪所致的病证）有条文提到身体瘙痒，阳明病（阳明经受邪所致的病证）有条文提到身体像虫子爬行一样，这都是因为表邪没有出路，所以身体瘙痒仅仅是因为出汗不彻底的缘故。体表有风寒，就会身体疼痛；体表有风热，就会身体瘙痒。总之，阳邪郁结在肌表不能通过出汗排出，就会导致皮肤瘙痒。治疗太阳病引起的身体瘙痒，使用羌活败毒散（Qianghuo Baidu San, Decoction of Notopterygium and Angelica Pubescens to Overcome Toxins）。如果是阳明病引起的身体瘙痒，使用干葛防风汤（Gange Fangfeng Tang, Kudzu Root and Saposhnikovia Decoction）。少阳病（少阳经受邪所致的病证）引起的身体瘙痒，使用柴胡防风汤（Chaihu Fangfeng Tang, Bupleurum and Saposhnikovia Decoction）。《原病式》认为腠理（皮肤纹理及毛孔）闭密，阳气郁结，不能发散越出，就会发生瘙痒。所以张仲景使用麻黄桂枝各半汤（Mahuang Guizhi Ge Ban Tang, Half-Dose Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig），用辛温药物发散表邪。《伤寒论·阳明篇》说：“这是因为长久虚弱的原因。”这是指元气长久虚弱、津液不足的人，又遭受外邪侵袭，因为长久虚弱的缘故，不能产生汗液来驱逐邪气，应当发散表邪，并不是说因为长久虚弱就使用补药。《类编朱氏集验医方活人书》（简称《活人》）错误地用术附汤（Shu Fu Tang, Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction）、黄芪建中汤（Huangqi Jianzhong Tang, Astragalus Decoction to Establish the Middle）来治疗，这造成了严重的祸害。
太阳病经过八九日，症状像疟疾一样，发热恶寒，热多寒少，病人没有呕吐，大小便正常，病情看似平稳，一天发作两三次。如果脉象微缓，是即将痊愈的表现；如果面色反而发红，是尚未痊愈的表现，因为不能微微出汗，身体必然瘙痒，适宜使用桂枝麻黄各半汤（Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang, Half-Dose Decoction of Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra）。
太阳病经过八九日，描述为像疟疾一样的症状，必定要求病人没有呕吐、大小便正常、脉象微缓，这是有向愈的转机；如果面色反而出现赤色，说明表邪尚未消散，身体必然瘙痒，所以使用发散表邪的方法。
阳明病，按照常理应该多汗，反而无汗，身体感觉像虫子在皮中爬行一样，这是因为长久虚弱的原因。
阳明病，本来应该多汗，现在反而无汗，那么外邪侵入皮中，感觉像虫子爬行一样，乃是元气素来虚弱，不能产生汗液来驱逐邪气的缘故。此处没有列出具体方剂，但发散表邪、补益元气的意图跃然纸上。
干葛防风汤
组成：干葛（Kudzu Root）、防风（Saposhnikovia Root）、荆芥（Schizonepeta Spike）、甘草（Licorice Root）
治疗太阳病引起的身体瘙痒，不使用麻黄桂枝各半汤，而使用羌活败毒散；治疗阳明病引起的身体瘙痒，不使用干葛防风汤的原方，而使用此方，这是因为表邪伴有火郁的缘故。
柴胡防风汤
组成：柴胡（Bupleurum Root）、防风（Saposhnikovia Root）、荆芥（Schizonepeta Spike）、甘草（Licorice Root）
治疗太阳病和阳明病引起的身体瘙痒，使用前两个方剂；如果是少阳病引起的身体瘙痒，则用这个方剂治疗；如果是三阳合病（太阳、阳明、少阳三经同时受邪）引起的身体瘙痒，应当将这三个方剂合并使用。
Pruritus caused by internal injury may be either excess or deficiency; pruritus caused by external contraction is invariably due to the failure of the exterior pathogenic factor to be expelled through sweating. Therefore, in Taiyang disease (disease pattern resulting from invasion of the Taiyang channel), there are clauses mentioning pruritus, and in Yangming disease (disease pattern resulting from invasion of the Yangming channel), there are clauses describing a sensation like insects crawling on the skin. These are all because the exterior pathogenic factor has no outlet, so pruritus occurs solely due to incomplete sweating. When wind-cold is present at the exterior, body pain results; when wind-heat is present at the exterior, pruritus results. In summary, when yang pathogens are constrained and stagnant at the muscle layer and cannot be released through sweating, the skin becomes itchy. For pruritus associated with Taiyang disease, Qianghuo Baidu San (Decoction of Notopterygium and Angelica Pubescens to Overcome Toxins) is used. If the pruritus is associated with Yangming disease, Gange Fangfeng Tang (Kudzu Root and Saposhnikovia Decoction) is used. For pruritus associated with Shaoyang disease (disease pattern resulting from invasion of the Shaoyang channel), Chaihu Fangfeng Tang (Bupleurum and Saposhnikovia Decoction) is used. The *Yuan Bing Shi* states that when the couli (skin pores and interstices) are closed and dense, and yang qi is constrained and stagnant without being able to dissipate, pruritus develops. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing used Mahuang Guizhi Ge Ban Tang (Half-Dose Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig) to disperse the exterior pathogenic factor using acrid-warm herbs. The *Yangming Pian* chapter says, "This is due to long-standing deficiency." This refers to individuals whose yuan qi (original qi) has been deficient for a long time and who lack sufficient fluids; upon contracting an external pathogen, they cannot generate sweat to expel the pathogen due to this chronic deficiency. The treatment should focus on dispersing the exterior pathogen, not on using tonifying medicines simply because of chronic deficiency. The *Huoren* (referring to *Huoren Shu*) erroneously treated this with Shu Fu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction) and Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (Astragalus Decoction to Establish the Middle), which caused significant harm.
When Taiyang disease persists for eight or nine days, the symptoms resemble malaria: fever and aversion to cold, with heat predominating over cold. The patient does not vomit, and bowel movements and urination are normal, indicating the condition seems stable. The episodes occur two or three times a day. If the pulse is slightly slow and relaxed, it indicates impending recovery. If the face appears flushed with redness, recovery is not imminent because slight sweating has not occurred, leading to inevitable pruritus. In such cases, Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Half-Dose Decoction of Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra) is appropriate.
In Taiyang disease persisting for eight or nine days, described as resembling malaria, the prerequisite conditions for potential recovery are the absence of vomiting, normal bowel and bladder function, and a slightly slow and relaxed pulse. If the face instead shows redness, it indicates that the exterior pathogenic factor has not yet dissipated, and pruritus will likely occur; therefore, methods to disperse the exterior pathogen should be employed.
In Yangming disease, profuse sweating is the norm. If there is unexpectedly no sweating, and the body feels as if insects are crawling within the skin, this is due to long-standing deficiency.
Yangming disease typically involves profuse sweating. The current presentation of no sweating, accompanied by a sensation of external pathogens invading the skin causing a crawling feeling, stems from inherent weakness of yuan qi, which fails to generate sweat to expel the pathogen. No specific formula is prescribed here, but the intent to disperse the exterior pathogen and tonify yuan qi is implicit.
Qianghuo Baidu San: See section on Fever.
Gange Fangfeng Tang
Ingredients: Gan Ge (Puerariae Radix / Kudzu Root), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix / Saposhnikovia Root), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Spica / Schizonepeta Spike), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma / Licorice Root).
For pruritus due to Taiyang disease, rather than using Mahuang Guizhi Ge Ban Tang, Qianghuo Baidu San is used. For pruritus due to Yangming disease, rather than using the original Gange Fangfeng Tang formula, this modified version is used, because the exterior pathogen is accompanied by fire stagnation.
Chaihu Fangfeng Tang
Ingredients: Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix / Bupleurum Root), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix / Saposhnikovia Root), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Spica / Schizonepeta Spike), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma / Licorice Root).
For pruritus due to Taiyang and Yangming diseases, the previous two formulas are used. For pruritus due to Shaoyang disease, this formula is used. For pruritus due to combined disease of the Three Yang channels (Taiyang, Yangming, and Shaoyang), the three formulas should be combined.
Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang: See section on Fever.