芍药 生姜（各一两） 人参（三两） 桂枝（三两去皮） 芍药（四两） 甘草（
二两炙） 人参（三两） 生姜（四两） 大枣（十二
枚擘）
上六味。以水一斗一升。微火煮取三升。去滓分温服。
经云。发汗后。身疼痛。脉沉迟者。此汤主之。身疼痛。表未尽也。脉沉迟。里已虚也
。得
之发汗之后。则营血亦微矣。故加芍药以益营血。加生姜以逐表邪。以其脉沉迟。不得不兼
人参以补虚。但一桂枝汤而稍一转移。已非桂枝之旧法。故曰新加。
按柯韵伯伤寒论翼。谓此方系去芍药生姜。新加人参。加芍药生姜。乃坊本之讹。但诸
家皆
仍加芍药生姜之说。想柯氏之意。以脉见沉迟。似无再加芍药之理。但病属发汗以后。则芍
药益营之功。自宜重恃。
程郊倩曰。身疼痛。脉沉迟。得之太阳病发汗后。非属阴寒。乃由内阳外越。营阴遂虚
。营
主血。血少则隧道窒塞。卫气不流通。故身疼痛。于桂枝汤中倍芍药生姜。养营血而从阴分
宣邪。加人参托里虚而从阳分长阴。脉沉者营气微。迟者营中寒。此沉迟之脉。非本来之沉
迟。乃汗后新得之沉迟。故治法亦新加人参而倍姜芍。此说亦自解得明白。
喻嘉言曰。桂枝人参汤中去芍药者。以误下而邪入于阴。芍药主阴。不能散阳邪也。桂
枝新
加汤中倍芍药者。以误汗而阳虚邪凑。恐阳孤无偶。用芍药以和之。俾不至散乱也。此说亦
当参看。
芍药、生姜（各一两）、人参（三两）、桂枝（三两，去皮）、芍药（四两）、甘草（二两，炙）、人参（三两）、生姜（四两）、大枣（十二枚，掰开）。
以上六味药。用水一斗一升。用微火煮取三升。去渣滓，分次温服。
经典记载：发汗后，身体疼痛，脉象沉迟的，此汤主治。身体疼痛，说明表邪未尽。脉象沉迟，说明里气已虚。
因为是在发汗之后出现的，那么营血也已经微弱了。所以加入芍药来补益营血，加入生姜来驱逐表邪。因为脉象沉迟，不得不兼用人参来补虚。但这只是桂枝汤稍作变动，已经不是桂枝汤的旧法了，所以称为“新加”。
按柯韵伯在《伤寒论翼》中说，这个方子是去掉芍药和生姜，新加人参，再加芍药和生姜，这是坊间刻本的错误。但是各家都仍然保留加芍药和生姜的说法。想柯氏的意思，是因为脉象见沉迟，似乎没有再加芍药的道理。但疾病属于发汗以后，那么芍药补益营血的功效，自然应该着重依靠。
程郊倩说：身体疼痛，脉象沉迟，得之于太阳病发汗之后，不属于阴寒，而是由于内阳外越，营阴于是虚弱。营主血，血少则经络阻塞，卫气不流通，所以身体疼痛。在桂枝汤中加倍使用芍药和生姜，滋养营血并从阴分宣散邪气；加入人参托举里虚并从阳分助长阴气。脉沉说明营气微弱，脉迟说明营中有寒。这沉迟的脉象，不是本来的沉迟，而是发汗后新出现的沉迟。所以治法也是新加人参并加倍姜、芍。这种说法也解释得明白。
喻嘉言说：桂枝人参汤中去掉芍药，是因为误下导致邪气进入阴分，芍药主阴，不能发散阳邪。桂枝新加汤中加倍芍药，是因为误汗导致阳虚邪气凑集，恐怕阳气孤单无偶，用芍药来调和它，使不至于散乱。这种说法也应当参考。
Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) [each 1 liang], Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) [3 liang], Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) [3 liang, bark removed], Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) [4 liang], Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle) [2 liang, honey-fried], Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) [3 liang], Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) [4 liang], Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus) [12 pieces, split open].
The above six herbs. Decoct with one dou and one sheng of water. Simmer over a gentle fire until three sheng remain. Remove the dregs and take in divided doses, warm.
The classics state: After sweating therapy, if there is body pain and a deep, slow pulse, this decoction is indicated. Body pain indicates that the exterior pathogenic factor has not been completely resolved. A deep and slow pulse indicates that the interior qi is already deficient.
Since this occurs after sweating therapy, the Ying blood (nutritive blood) must also be depleted. Therefore, Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) is added to nourish the Ying blood, and Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) is added to expel the exterior pathogen. Because the pulse is deep and slow, it is necessary to simultaneously use Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) to tonify deficiency. This is merely a slight modification of the Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), no longer the original method of Gui Zhi Tang, hence it is called "Xin Jia" (Newly Added).
According to Ke Yunbo's *Shanghan Lun Yi* (Wings to the Treatise on Cold Damage), this formula involves removing Shao Yao and Sheng Jiang, newly adding Ren Shen, and then adding Shao Yao and Sheng Jiang again; this is an error in commercial editions. However, all subsequent schools have retained the statement of adding Shao Yao and Sheng Jiang. Presumably, Ke's intention was that since the pulse presents as deep and slow, there seems to be no rationale for adding Shao Yao again. But since the condition arises after sweating therapy, the function of Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) in nourishing the Ying blood should naturally be relied upon heavily.
Cheng Jiaoqian stated: Body pain and a deep, slow pulse, occurring after sweating therapy for Taiyang disease (Taiyang Disease), do not belong to Yin-cold, but rather result from internal Yang floating outward, causing Ying-Yin (nutritive Yin) to become deficient. Ying governs blood; when blood is scant, the collaterals become obstructed, and Wei Qi (defensive qi) fails to circulate smoothly, thus causing body pain. By doubling Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) and Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) in Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), one nourishes the Ying blood and disseminates pathogens from the Yin aspect; by adding Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), one supports interior deficiency and promotes Yin growth from the Yang aspect. A deep pulse indicates weak Ying qi; a slow pulse indicates cold within the Ying. This deep and slow pulse is not the inherent deep and slow, but a newly acquired deep and slow following sweating therapy. Therefore, the treatment method also involves newly adding Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and doubling the dosage of Ginger and Peony. This explanation is also clear and coherent.
Yu Jiayan stated: In Gui Zhi Ren Shen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Ginseng Decoction), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) is removed because mistaken purgation caused pathogens to enter the Yin level; Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) governs Yin and cannot disperse Yang pathogens. In Gui Zhi Xin Jia Tang (Cinnamon Twig Newly Added Decoction), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) is doubled because mistaken sweating led to Yang deficiency with pathogenic accumulation, fearing that Yang would be isolated without its counterpart; thus, Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) is used to harmonize it, preventing dispersion and chaos. This perspective should also be consulted.