伤风之证∶头疼项强，肢节烦疼，或目痛。肌热、干呕、鼻塞、手足温、自汗出、恶风，其脉阳浮
而缓、阴浮而弱，此风邪在表。以上伤风之证，皆宜桂枝汤（第二）以解肌。伤风汗出、怕风，而加项
强痛者，桂枝葛根汤（第三）；伤风反无汗者，虽已服桂枝汤，反烦不解而无里证者，先刺风池、风
府，却与桂枝汤服之。不若通用双解散（五十四），免致有桂枝、麻黄之误。伤风自汗，白虎汤（二
十二），太阳病无汗而渴者，不可与白虎汤。
伤寒之证∶头项病疼、腰脊强、身体拘急、恶寒不烦躁、无自汗，或致头面目疼、肌热鼻干，或胸
满而喘、手足指末微厥，脉浮数而紧者，邪在表。以上伤寒之证，皆宜麻黄汤（第一）以发其汗。伤
寒冒风，头目痛，四肢拘倦，比金散（四十九）。不若通用天水散（五十二）或双解散（五十四）之类甚
佳，无使药不中病
而益加害也。白虎合凉膈散（二十三）乃调理伤寒之上药，伤风甚妙。
中暑之证∶身热头痛、背寒面垢、自汗烦躁、大渴口干、倦怠而身不痛，或时恶寒，或畏日，气
脉虚而弱，无问表里，通宜白虎。夏月感冒发热烦渴，五苓散（二十四）、桂苓甘露饮（三十四）、黄
连香薷饮（五十五）或双解散（五十四）；或里热甚、腹满，而脉沉可下者，大承气汤（十）下之，或
三一承气汤（十三）尤妙；半表半里者，小柴胡（九）合凉膈、天水散。
伤风的证候：头痛、项部僵硬，肢体关节烦扰疼痛，或者眼睛疼痛。肌肤发热、干呕、鼻塞、手足温暖、自然出汗、怕风，其脉象在阳部（寸部）浮而缓，在阴部（尺部）浮而弱，这是风邪在体表。以上伤风的证候，都适宜用桂枝汤（第二方）来解除肌表之邪。伤风伴有出汗、怕风，并且出现项部僵硬疼痛的，用桂枝葛根汤（第三方）；伤风反而没有汗出的，虽然已经服用了桂枝汤，但反而感到烦闷不解且没有里证的，先针刺风池穴、风府穴，然后再给予桂枝汤服用。不如通用双解散（第五十四方），以免导致误用桂枝汤或麻黄汤的错误。伤风自汗，可用白虎汤（第二十二方）；太阳病无汗且口渴的，不可给予白虎汤。
伤寒的证候：头项疼痛、腰脊僵硬、身体拘挛紧急、怕冷且不烦躁、没有自然出汗，或者导致头、目、面部疼痛、肌肤发热、鼻干，或者胸中满闷而气喘、手足指端微微发凉，脉象浮数而紧的，这是邪气在体表。以上伤寒的证候，都适宜用麻黄汤（第一方）来发散其汗。伤寒冒受风邪，头目疼痛，四肢拘挛疲倦，用比金散（第四十九方）。不如通用天水散（第五十二方）或双解散（第五十四方）之类效果很好，避免药不对症而增加危害。白虎汤合凉膈散（第二十三方）是调理伤寒的上等药物，对于伤风也非常巧妙。
中暑的证候：身体发热头痛、背部寒冷面色垢浊、自然出汗烦躁、大渴口干、倦怠而身体不痛，或者时而怕冷，或者畏惧日光，气脉虚弱无力，不论病在表还是在里，都通宜使用白虎汤。夏季月令感冒发热烦渴，用五苓散（第二十四方）、桂苓甘露饮（第三十四方）、黄连香薷饮（第五十五方）或双解散（第五十四方）；如果里热严重、腹部胀满，且脉象沉实可以攻下的，用大承气汤（第十方）攻下它，或者三一承气汤（第十三方）尤其妙；病在半表半里的，用小柴胡汤（第九方）合凉膈散、天水散。
Syndrome of Wind Injury: Headache, stiffness of the neck, vexing pain in the limbs and joints, or eye pain. Heat in the muscles, dry retching, nasal congestion, warmth of the hands and feet, spontaneous sweating, aversion to wind; the pulse is floating and slow at the Yang position (Cun) and floating and weak at the Yin position (Chi), indicating Wind pathogen in the Exterior. For all the above syndromes of Wind Injury, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) [Formula No. 2] is suitable to resolve the muscle layer. If Wind Injury presents with sweating and aversion to wind, accompanied by stiffness and pain in the neck, Guizhi Ge Gen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Pueraria Decoction) [Formula No. 3] should be used. If Wind Injury presents with an absence of sweat, even after taking Guizhi Tang, if vexation persists without interior signs, first puncture Fengchi (GB20) and Fengfu (GV16), then administer Guizhi Tang. It is preferable to use Shuangjie San (Double-Release Powder) [Formula No. 54] generally to avoid errors from using Guizhi Tang or Mahuang Tang. For Wind Injury with spontaneous sweating, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) [Formula No. 22] may be used; however, for Taiyang Disease (Disease of the Bladder Channel) with no sweat and thirst, Baihu Tang must not be given.
Syndrome of Cold Damage: Pain in the head and neck, stiffness of the waist and spine, bodily constraint and urgency, aversion to cold without irritability, absence of spontaneous sweating, or leading to pain in the head, eyes, and face, heat in the muscles, dry nose, chest fullness with wheezing, slight coldness of the fingertips; the pulse is floating, rapid, and tight, indicating the pathogen in the Exterior. For all the above syndromes of Cold Damage, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) [Formula No. 1] is suitable to induce sweating. For Cold Damage complicated by Wind exposure, presenting with headache, eye pain, and limb constraint and fatigue, Bijin San (Golden Metal Powder) [Formula No. 49] may be used. However, it is very good to generally use Tianshui San (Heavenly Water Powder) [Formula No. 52] or Shuangjie San [Formula No. 54], to prevent mismatched medication that causes further harm. Baihu Tang combined with Liangge San (Cooling the Chest Powder) [Formula No. 23] is a superior formula for regulating Cold Damage and is also excellent for Wind Injury.
Syndrome of Summerheat: Body heat and headache, coldness of the back, greasy complexion, spontaneous sweating with irritability, severe thirst and dry mouth, fatigue without body pain, occasional aversion to cold, or fear of sunlight; the Qi and pulse are deficient and weak. Regardless of whether the disease is in the Exterior or Interior, Baihu Tang is generally indicated. In summer months, for cold damage with fever, irritability, and thirst, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Poria Powder) [Formula No. 24], Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cassia Twig and Poria Sweet Dew Drink) [Formula No. 34], Huanglian Xiangru Yin (Coptis and Elsholtzia Drink) [Formula No. 55], or Shuangjie San [Formula No. 54] may be used; if interior heat is severe with abdominal fullness and the pulse is deep allowing for purgation, Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) [Formula No. 10] should be used to purge, or Sanyi Chengqi Tang (Three-One Order the Qi Decoction) [Formula No. 13] is particularly excellent; for half-exterior half-interior conditions, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) [Formula No. 9] combined with Liangge San and Tianshui San is indicated.