发热无汗，是病之邪在表也。内热便硬，是病之邪在里也。昼烦热而夜安静，是阳旺于阳分，其病在阳。
夜烦热而昼安静，是阳陷于阴分，其病在阴。喜冷恶热，皆属阳病，故为热也。喜热恶冷，皆属阴病，故为寒也。
胃壮者能食，胃弱者不能食。胃干燥者口渴，胃湿盛者口不渴。
大便稠粘，秽气难闻者，是内有滞热，病从热化也。
小便清白不赤，为虚寒，病从寒化也。
耳梢冷，尻骨冷，四肢发冷，此痘疹欲发之候。如单指梢发冷者，此惊痫将作之征。肚腹热闷主内热，手足
厥冷主中寒。
小儿无故皱眉曲腰啼者，主内因腹痛，又当按其或软或硬，若喜按者为虚，不喜按者为实。
两耳常常发热者，主外因风热。
解颅者，谓头缝开解而颅不合也。此由先天肾气不足之故。肾主骨髓，而脑为髓海，肾气不足，则脑髓不足，
故颅为之开解也。古法用六味地黄丸（如熟地、山萸、山药、丹皮、茯苓、泽
泻）或用加味八物汤（如参、术、苓、草、芎、归、芍、地，加酒炒芩、连），煎服。外用天南星，微炮为末，
醋调涂绯帛，贴于头上。炙手频熨。或用干姜、细辛、桂心，研末，和生姜汁涂之。以合为度。
〔真按〕脑不满而颅不合，中陷而角四起，如古钱之形，儿无脑髓，犹树无根，不过千日则成废人。此儿
长必少笑，宜于千日内急治之，暑月可服六味地黄丸，冬天则宜服补天大造丸，以人参、黄 、白术、枣仁、当
归、山药、茯苓、枸杞、熟地、再加龟鹿二胶，熬膏服之。外以柏子仁、防风、南星，研末，醋调摊红 上，看
颅门大小剪贴。干则用热醋润湿，或用茵陈、车前子、百合，为末，以乌牛乳汁调涂足心及头缝开处，一日一换。
更有一法，只用头巾裹护，服汤剂不敷外药，俟气血渐充。自无不合矣。
发热且无汗，说明病邪在体表。体内有热且大便干结，说明病邪在体内。白天烦躁发热而夜间安静，说明阳气旺盛于阳分，病位在阳。夜间烦躁发热而白天安静，说明阳气陷入阴分，病位在阴。喜欢寒冷厌恶炎热，都属于阳病，所以表现为热证。喜欢温暖厌恶寒冷，都属于阴病，所以表现为寒证。胃气强壮的人能够进食，胃气虚弱的人不能进食。胃干燥的人感到口渴，胃湿盛的人不感到口渴。
大便稠粘、气味恶臭难闻的，是体内有积滞之热，病情由热化所致。小便颜色清白且不赤红的，属于虚寒证，病情由寒化所致。
耳梢冷、尾椎骨（尻骨）冷、四肢发冷，这是痘疹即将发出的征兆。如果只有手指尖发冷，这是惊痫即将发作的征象。肚腹热闷主内热，手足厥冷主中寒。
小儿无故皱眉、弯腰啼哭的，主因内部腹痛，此时应当触摸腹部判断其软硬，若喜欢被按压的为虚证，不喜欢被按压的为实证。
两耳经常发热的，主因外部风热侵袭。
解颅，是指头骨缝裂开而头颅闭合不全。这是由于先天肾气不足的缘故。肾主管骨髓，而脑为髓海，肾气不足，则脑髓匮乏，因此颅骨缝隙裂开。古法使用六味地黄丸（如熟地黄、山茱萸、山药、牡丹皮、茯苓、泽泻）或者加味八物汤（如人参、白术、茯苓、甘草、川芎、当归、白芍、熟地黄，加入酒炒的黄芩、黄连），煎煮服用。外用天南星，微火炮制后研成粉末，用醋调和涂在红布上，贴敷于头部。用手加热后频繁熨烫。或者使用干姜、细辛、桂心，研成粉末，与生姜汁混合涂抹。以头骨缝合为治愈标准。
〔真按〕脑髓不满而颅骨不合，中间凹陷而四角突起，形状像古钱币一样，婴儿没有脑髓，就像树木没有根一样，不过一千天就会成为废人。这个孩子长大后必然很少笑，应该在一千天内紧急治疗，夏季可以服用六味地黄丸，冬季则适宜服用补天大造丸，用人参、黄芪、白术、酸枣仁、当归、山药、茯苓、枸杞子、熟地黄，再加上龟板胶和鹿角胶，熬制成膏剂服用。外用柏子仁、防风、天南星，研成粉末，用醋调和摊在红布上，根据囟门大小剪裁贴敷。干燥时用热醋润湿，或者使用茵陈、车前子、百合，研成粉末，用黑牛乳汁调和涂抹足心及头骨裂缝处，每天更换一次。
还有一种方法，只用头巾包裹保护，服用汤剂而不敷外药，等待气血逐渐充盈，自然就会愈合了。
Fever without sweating indicates that the pathogenic factor is at the exterior. Internal heat with hard stools indicates that the pathogenic factor is in the interior. Irritability and fever during the day with calmness at night indicate that Yang Qi (vital energy) is flourishing in the Yang aspect, and the disease is in the Yang. Irritability and fever at night with calmness during the day indicate that Yang Qi has sunk into the Yin aspect, and the disease is in the Yin. Preference for cold and aversion to heat all belong to Yang diseases, thus manifesting as Heat syndromes. Preference for warmth and aversion to cold all belong to Yin diseases, thus manifesting as Cold syndromes. Those with strong Stomach Qi can eat; those with weak Stomach Qi cannot eat. Those with dry Stomach feel thirsty; those with excessive Dampness in the Stomach do not feel thirsty.
Thick, sticky stools with a foul odor indicate internal stagnation of Heat, meaning the pathology transforms from Heat. Clear, white urine that is not red indicates Deficiency-Cold, meaning the pathology transforms from Cold.
Coldness at the tips of the ears, coldness at the sacrum, and cold limbs are signs that smallpox or measles are about to erupt. If only the fingertips are cold, it is a sign that convulsions or epilepsy are about to occur. Heat and stuffiness in the abdomen indicate internal Heat; cold extremities indicate middle Jiao Cold.
Infants who frown and bend their waists while crying without cause typically suffer from internal abdominal pain. One should palpate the abdomen to determine if it is soft or hard; if the infant prefers pressure, it is a Deficiency pattern; if they dislike pressure, it is an Excess pattern.
Constant heat in both ears indicates external Wind-Heat invasion.
Jie Lu (Splayed Cranial Sutures), refers to the splitting open of cranial sutures where the skull fails to close. This is due to congenital insufficiency of Kidney Qi (Kidney Vital Energy). The Kidneys govern bone marrow, and the brain is the Sea of Marrow. Insufficiency of Kidney Qi leads to insufficient brain marrow, causing the cranial sutures to split open. Ancient methods prescribe Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill, containing Shu Di Huang, Shan Zhu Yu, Shan Yao, Mu Dan Pi, Fu Ling, Ze Xie) or Jiawei Bawu Tang (Modified Eight Substance Decoction, containing Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, Fu Ling, Gan Cao, Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Shu Di Huang, plus Jiu Chao Huang Qin, Lian Zi), decocted and taken orally. For external application, Tian Nan Xing (Arisaema Rhizome) is slightly roasted, ground into powder, mixed with vinegar, applied to red silk, and pasted onto the head. The area is frequently warmed by rubbing hands together and pressing on it. Alternatively, Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Xi Xin (Asarum), and Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart) are ground into powder and mixed with fresh ginger juice for topical application. Treatment continues until the sutures close.
[Commentary by Zhen] When the brain is underdeveloped and the skull does not close, with a central depression and raised corners resembling an ancient coin, the infant lacks brain marrow. Just as a tree without roots will perish, such a child will become disabled within a thousand days. Such children will likely smile rarely as they grow. Urgent treatment is required within the first thousand days. In summer, Liuwei Dihuang Wan may be taken; in winter, Butian Dazao Wan (Heaven-Replenishing Great Creation Pill) is suitable. This formula contains Ren Shen, Huang Qi, Bai Zhu, Suan Zao Ren, Dang Gui, Shan Yao, Fu Ling, Gou Qi Zi, Shu Di Huang, along with Gui Ban Jiao (Tortoise Shell Glue) and Lu Jiao Jiao (Deer Antler Glue), prepared as a paste. For external use, Bai Zi Ren (Biota Seed), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), and Nan Xing (Arisaema) are ground into powder, mixed with vinegar, spread on red silk, cut to fit the fontanelle size, and applied. If dry, moisten with warm vinegar. Alternatively, Yin Chen (Artemisia Capillaris), Che Qian Zi (Plantago Seed), and Bai He (Lily Bulb) are ground into powder and mixed with black cow's milk for application to the soles of the feet and the open cranial sutures, changed once daily.
Another method involves merely wrapping the head with a cloth for protection, administering herbal decoctions without external applications, allowing Qi and Blood to gradually replenish, after which natural closure will occur.