五十七难曰∶泄凡有几，皆有名不？然∶泄凡有五，其名不同。有胃泄，有脾泄，有大肠泄，
有小肠泄，有大瘕泄，名曰后重。
胃泄者，饮食不化，色黄。
脾泄者，腹胀满，泄注，食即呕吐逆。
大肠泄者，食巳窘迫。大便色白，肠鸣切痛。
小肠泄者，溲而便脓血，少腹痛。
大瘕泄者，里急后重，数至圊而不能便，茎中痛，此五泄之要法也。
五十八难曰，伤寒有几？其脉有变不？然∶伤寒有五，有中风，有伤寒，有湿温，
有热病，有温病，其所苦各不同。
中风之脉，阳浮而滑，阴濡而弱∶湿温之脉，阳浮而弱，阴小而急；伤寒之脉，阴阳俱盛而紧
涩；热病
之脉，阴阳俱浮，浮之而滑，沉之散涩；温病之脉，行在诸经，不知何经之动也，各随其经
所在而取之。
伤寒有汗出而愈，下之而死者；有汗出而死，下之而愈者，何也？然∶阳虚阴盛，汗出而愈，
下之即死；阳盛阴虚，汗出而死，下之而愈。
寒热之病，候之如何也？然∶皮寒热者，皮不可近席，毛发焦，鼻槁、不得汗；肌寒热者，
皮肤痛，唇舌槁，无汗；骨寒热者，病无所安，汗注不休，齿本槁痛
五十九难曰∶狂癫之病，何以别之？然∶狂疾之始发，少卧而不饥，自高贤也，自辨智也，
自倨贵也，妄笑好歌乐，妄行不休是也。癫疾始发，意不乐，僵仆直视，其脉三部阴阳俱盛是也。
第五十七难问：泄泻总共有几种，都有名称吗？回答说：泄泻总共有五种，它们的名称各不相同。有胃泄，有脾泄，有大肠泄，有小肠泄，有大瘕泄（即里急后重）。
胃泄的症状是：饮食不消化，大便颜色发黄。
脾泄的症状是：腹部胀满，腹泻如水注下，进食后立即呕吐逆气。
大肠泄的症状是：吃完饭后感到窘迫急迫，大便颜色发白，肠鸣音明显且疼痛剧烈。
小肠泄的症状是：小便时伴随大便排出脓血，小腹部疼痛。
大瘕泄的症状是：腹内急迫，肛门坠胀感强烈，频繁去厕所却排不出大便，尿道疼痛，这是五种泄泻的关键特征。
第五十八难问：伤寒有几类？其脉象是否有变化？回答说：伤寒分为五类，有中风，有伤寒（狭义），有湿温，有热病，有温病，它们各自带来的痛苦症状各不相同。
中风的脉象，阳部（寸）浮而滑，阴部（尺）濡而弱；湿温的脉象，阳部浮而弱，阴部小而急；伤寒（狭义）的脉象，阴阳两部都盛大且紧涩；热病的脉象，阴阳两部都浮，轻取（浮之）滑利，重按（沉之）散涩；温病的脉象，流行于各条经脉，不知道是哪条经脉受动，应根据病变所在的经脉来诊察。
伤寒有的出汗后痊愈，用攻下法反而致死；有的出汗后死亡，用攻下法反而痊愈，这是什么原因呢？回答说：阳气虚衰、阴寒内盛者，出汗则愈，若用攻下法则死；阳气亢盛、阴液亏虚者，出汗则死，若用攻下法则愈。
寒热类的疾病，如何诊察呢？回答说：皮寒热，皮肤不能贴近席子，毛发焦枯，鼻孔干燥，无汗；肌寒热，皮肤疼痛，嘴唇和舌头干枯，无汗；骨寒热，病人坐卧不安，大汗淋漓不止，牙齿根部干枯疼痛。
第五十九难问：狂证和癫证这两种病，如何区分？回答说：狂病刚开始发作时，睡眠少且不觉得饥饿，自认为高明贤能，自认为聪明智慧，自视尊贵傲慢，无故大笑喜欢唱歌作乐，胡乱行动不停歇，这就是狂病。癫病刚开始发作时，心情不愉快，突然僵倒直视，三部九候的脉象阴阳都盛大，这就是癫病。
Fifty-seventh Difficulty asks: How many types of diarrhea are there in total, and do they all have names? The answer is: There are five types of diarrhea in total, and their names differ. They are Wei (Stomach) Diarrhea, Pi (Spleen) Diarrhea, Dachang (Large Intestine) Diarrhea, Xiaochang (Small Intestine) Diarrhea, and Dajia Xie (Major Mass Diarrhea), also known as Tenesmus.
The symptoms of Wei (Stomach) Diarrhea are: undigested food in stool, with yellow color.
The symptoms of Pi (Spleen) Diarrhea are: abdominal distension and fullness, watery diarrhea flowing like a stream, and vomiting or regurgitation immediately after eating.
The symptoms of Dachang (Large Intestine) Diarrhea are: urgency and distress after eating, white-colored stool, loud borborygmus, and severe cutting pain.
The symptoms of Xiaochang (Small Intestine) Diarrhea are: passing pus and blood in the stool during urination, and pain in the lower abdomen.
The symptoms of Dajia Xie (Major Mass Diarrhea) are: internal urgency with tenesmus, frequent trips to the toilet but inability to defecate, and pain in the urethra. These are the key characteristics of the five types of diarrhea.
Fifty-eighth Difficulty asks: How many categories of Shanghan (Cold Damage) are there? Do their pulse presentations change? The answer is: Shanghan (Cold Damage) comprises five categories: Zhongfeng (Wind Strike), Shanghan (Cold Damage - narrow sense), Shiwen (Damp-Warmth), Rebing (Heat Disease), and Wenbing (Warm Disease). Their respective symptomatic sufferings differ.
The pulse of Zhongfeng (Wind Strike) is floating and slippery at the Yang position (Cun/Inch), and soggy and weak at the Yin position (Chi/Cubit); the pulse of Shiwen (Damp-Warmth) is floating and weak at the Yang position, and small and rapid at the Yin position; the pulse of Shanghan (Cold Damage - narrow sense) is both abundant and tight-choppy at the Yin and Yang positions; the pulse of Rebing (Heat Disease) is floating at both Yin and Yang positions, slippery upon superficial palpation, and scattered-choppy upon deep palpation; the pulse of Wenbing (Warm Disease) circulates through various meridians, making it difficult to determine which meridian is affected; diagnosis should be based on the specific meridian involved.
In Shanghan (Cold Damage), some cases recover after sweating, while others die after purgation; some cases die after sweating, while others recover after purgation. Why is this so? The answer is: In cases of Yang deficiency and Yin excess, sweating leads to recovery, whereas purgation leads to death; in cases of Yang excess and Yin deficiency, sweating leads to death, whereas purgation leads to recovery.
How should cold-heat diseases be diagnosed? The answer is: For Pi Hanre (Skin Cold-Heat), the skin cannot tolerate contact with mats, hair becomes brittle, the nose dries up, and there is no sweat; for Ji Hanre (Muscle Cold-Heat), the skin is painful, lips and tongue become dry, and there is no sweat; for Gu Hanre (Bone Cold-Heat), the patient feels restless and unable to find comfort, sweats profusely without stopping, and the roots of the teeth become dry and painful.
Fifty-ninth Difficulty asks: How can Kuang (Mania) and Dian (Epilepsy/Melancholia) be distinguished? The answer is: At the onset of Kuang disease (Mania), the patient sleeps little, feels no hunger, considers themselves superior and virtuous, claims to be wise and intelligent, acts arrogantly, laughs foolishly, enjoys singing and music, and engages in incessant erratic behavior. At the onset of Dian disease (Epilepsy/Melancholia), the patient feels unhappy, suddenly collapses with fixed gaze, and the pulses at the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) and Yin-Yang levels are both abundant.