冬属水，主于敛藏。冬，肾气旺，属水，味属咸。水克火，火属心，心主苦。当冬之时
，其饮食之味，宜减咸而增苦，以养心气。肾气盛者，调吹气以平之。顺之，则安；逆之，
则少阴不藏，肾之水独沉。
三冬之月，最宜居处密室，温暖衾服，调其饮食，适其寒温。大寒之日，山药酒、肉酒
，时进一杯，以扶衰弱，以御寒气，不可轻出，触冒寒风。缘老人血气虚怯，真阳气少，若
感寒邪，便成疾患，多为嗽、吐逆、麻痹、昏眩之疾。冬燥煎炉之物，尤宜少食。
冬月，阳气在内，阴气在外，池沼之中，冰坚如石，地裂横璺，寒从下起，人亦如是。
故盛冬月，人多患膈气满急之疾，老人多有上热下冷之患。如冬月阳气在内，虚阳上攻，若
食炙爆燥热之物，故多有壅、噎、痰嗽、眼目之疾。亦不宜澡沐。阳气内蕴之时，若加
汤火所逼，须出大汗。高年阳气发泄，骨肉疏薄，易于伤动，多感外疾，惟早眠晚起，以
避霜威。晨朝宜饮少醇酒，然后进粥。临卧，宜服微凉膈化痰之药一服。
今列冬时汤药如后。
治老人大肠风燥气秘。陈橘丸（霍大使与冯尚药同定此方）。
陈橘皮（去瓤，一两） 槟榔（细锉，半两） 木香（一分） 羌活（去芦头，半两） 防风（去芦头，半
两） 青皮（去瓤，半两） 枳壳（麸炒，去瓤，半两） 不蛀皂角（两挺，去黑皮，酥炙黄） 郁李仁（一
两，去皮尖，炒黄） 牵牛（微炒，杵细，罗，取末，二两）
上为末，郁李仁、牵牛同研拌匀，炼蜜为丸，如桐子大。每服二十丸。食前，用姜汤下
。未利，渐加三十丸，以利为度。
老人有热，壅滞不快，大肠时秘结，诸热毒生疮。搜风顺气牵牛丸。
牵牛（二两，饭甑蒸过） 木通（一两） 青橘（一两，去瓤） 桑白皮（一两） 赤芍药（一两） 木
香（半两）
上为末，炼蜜为丸，如桐子大。每服十五丸至二十丸，丈夫酒下；妇人血气，醋汤下。
解老人热秘方。
大附子一个，烧过存性，研为末。每服一钱，热酒调下。
冬季属于水，主司收敛与闭藏。冬季时，肾气旺盛，五行属水，对应的味道是咸味。水能克制火，火对应心脏，心主管苦味。因此在冬季，饮食口味应当减少咸味而增加苦味，以养护心气。如果肾气过盛，可以通过调整呼吸吐纳的方法来使其平和。顺应这一规律，身体就能安宁；违背它，则会导致少阴经（肾与心）不能正常闭藏，肾中的水气会独自下沉。
在整个冬季三个月里，最适宜居住在密闭的房间里，保持被褥和衣物的温暖，调节饮食，适应寒温变化。在大寒之日，可以适时饮用山药酒或肉酒各一杯，用来扶持虚弱的体质，抵御寒气，不可轻易外出，触犯冒犯寒风。因为老年人气血虚弱怯弱，真阳之气不足，如果感受寒邪，就会引发疾病，多表现为咳嗽、呕吐逆气、肢体麻木麻痹、头晕目眩等病症。冬季在炉火上烤炸燥热的食物，尤其应该少吃。
冬季月份，阳气潜藏于体内，阴气显现于体表，池塘沼泽中冰坚如石，地面出现横向裂缝，寒气从下方升起，人体也是如此。所以在深冬时节，人们容易患胸膈气满急迫的疾病，老年人多有上热下冷的症状。如果冬季阳气内蕴，虚阳向上攻冲，再加上食用炙烤爆炒等燥热之物，就容易产生气机壅滞、噎膈、痰嗽以及眼目方面的疾病。此时也不宜洗澡沐浴。当阳气在体内蕴积之时，如果用热水烫洗或火烤逼迫，会导致大汗淋漓。高龄老人阳气容易发泄，骨肉疏薄，容易受到损伤，多感染外部疾病，只有早睡晚起，来避开霜雪的严寒。早晨宜饮用少量烈性酒，然后进食粥食。临睡前，适宜服用一次轻微清凉膈部、化痰的药物。
现在列出冬季使用的汤药方剂如下：
治疗老年人因大肠风燥导致的气秘不通。陈橘丸（由霍大使与冯尚药共同制定此方）。
陈皮（去除瓤，一两） 槟榔（细切，半两） 木香（一分） 羌活（去除芦头，半两） 防风（去除芦头，半两） 青皮（去除瓤，半两） 枳壳（麸炒，去瓤，半两） 不蛀皂角（两挺，去除黑皮，用酥油炙至黄色） 郁李仁（一两，去皮尖，炒黄） 牵牛子（微炒，捣碎过筛取末，二两）
以上药物研为细末，将郁李仁和牵牛子一同研磨拌匀，用炼蜜制成丸药，大小如梧桐子。每次服用二十丸。饭前，用姜汤送服。如果未通便，逐渐增加到三十丸，以大便通畅为度。
老年人有热邪，气机壅滞不畅，大肠时常便秘，各种热毒生疮。搜风顺气牵牛丸。
牵牛子（二两，用饭甑蒸过） 木通（一两） 青橘（一两，去瓤） 桑白皮（一两） 赤芍药（一两） 木香（半两）
以上药物研为细末，用炼蜜制成丸药，大小如梧桐子。每次服用十五丸至二十丸，男性用酒送服；女性若有血气病，用醋汤送服。
解除老年人热症的秘方。
大附子一个，烧制后保留药性，研为细末。每次服用一钱，用热酒调服。
Winter belongs to Water and governs storage and conservation. During winter, Kidney Qi is prosperous; it corresponds to the element of Water and the flavor of Salty. Water overcomes Fire; Fire corresponds to the Heart, which governs Bitter. Therefore, during winter, dietary flavors should be reduced in Saltiness and increased in Bitterness to nourish Heart Qi. If Kidney Qi is excessive, it can be balanced by regulating breathing and exhalation. Adhering to this principle ensures peace; violating it leads to the failure of the Shaoyin (Kidney and Heart) to conserve properly, causing the Water of the Kidney to sink alone.
Throughout the three months of winter, one should best reside in a sealed room, keep quilts and clothing warm, regulate diet, and adapt to cold and warmth. On days of severe cold, consuming a cup of Yam Wine or Meat Wine from time to time helps support debility and resist cold qi. One should not venture out lightly to expose oneself to cold winds. Since the elderly have deficient and timid Blood-Qi and little True Yang Qi, contracting cold pathogens easily results in diseases, often manifesting as cough, vomiting and reflux, numbness and paralysis, and dizziness. Foods roasted or fried on stoves in winter are particularly unsuitable for frequent consumption.
In winter months, Yang Qi resides within while Yin Qi manifests externally. Ponds and marshes freeze hard as stone, and cracks appear horizontally across the ground; cold rises from below, and the human body follows this pattern. Thus, in deep winter, many people suffer from chest diaphragm fullness and urgency, and the elderly often experience upper heat and lower cold. If Yang Qi is internal and deficient Yang attacks upward, combined with eating roasted, fried, and dry-hot foods, conditions such as stagnation, dysphagia, phlegm-cough, and eye disorders frequently arise. Bathing and washing are also inadvisable. When Yang Qi is internally accumulated, forcing sweat through hot water or fire causes profuse sweating. In advanced age, Yang Qi dissipates easily, bones and flesh are thin and loose, making one susceptible to injury and external diseases. The best approach is to sleep early and rise late to avoid the harsh frost. In the morning, drinking a small amount of strong wine before porridge is beneficial. Before bed, taking a dose of mild cooling diaphragm-clearing and phlegm-resolving medicine is appropriate.
The following decoctions are listed for winter use:
Chen Ju Wan (Tangerine Peel Pill) for treating elderly patients with intestinal wind-dryness leading to Qi constipation. This formula was established jointly by Grand Envoy Huo and Imperial Physician Feng.
Chen Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, pith removed, 1 liang), Bing Lang (Areca Seed, finely chopped, 0.5 liang), Mu Xiang (Costus Root, 1 fen), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome, radix removed, 0.5 liang), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root, radix removed, 0.5 liang), Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel, pith removed, 0.5 liang), Zhi Ke (Immature Bitter Orange, bran-fried, pith removed, 0.5 liang), Bu Zhu Suan Jiao (Non-rotting Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit, 2 stalks, black skin removed, fried with butter until yellow), Yu Li Ren (Prunus japonica Seed, 1 liang, skin and tip removed, fried until yellow), Qian Niu (Pharbitis Seed, slightly fried, pounded fine, sifted for powder, 2 liang).
Grind all ingredients into powder. Grind Yu Li Ren and Qian Niu together evenly. Form pills using refined honey, sized like paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose before meals, washed down with Ginger Decoction. If bowel movement does not occur, gradually increase to 30 pills, stopping when unimpeded defecation is achieved.
Sou Feng Shun Qi Qian Niu Wan (Wind-Searching and Qi-Unblocking Pharbitis Pill) for elderly patients with heat, stagnation and discomfort, frequent large intestine constipation, and sores caused by various heat toxins.
Qian Niu (Pharbitis Seed, 2 liang, steamed in a rice steamer), Mu Tong (Akebia Stem, 1 liang), Qing Ju (Green Tangerine, 1 liang, pith removed), Sang Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark, 1 liang), Chi Shao Yao (Red Peony Root, 1 liang), Mu Xiang (Costus Root, 0.5 liang).
Grind all ingredients into powder. Form pills using refined honey, sized like paulownia seeds. Take 15 to 20 pills per dose. Men should take them with wine; women with blood-qig disorders should take them with Vinegar Decoction.
Secret Formula for Resolving Heat in the Elderly.
Da Fu Zi (Large Aconite Lateral Root), burned to retain its properties, ground into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with hot wine.