发肺鸣，鸣则肺热叶焦（有志不遂，则郁而生火。火来乘金，不得其平则自鸣，肺鸣者，其叶必焦）。
大经空虚，发为肌痹，传为脉痿（血不足则大经空虚，无以充养肌肉，故先为肌痹，而后传于心为脉痿也）。
思想无穷，所愿不得，意淫于外，入房太甚，宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，及为白淫（思而不得，则意淫于外，入房
太过，则精伤于内，阴伤而筋失所养，故为纵为痿。火动于中，水亏于下，乃为白淫，白淫者，男浊女带也）。
有渐于湿，以水为事，若有所留，居处相湿，肌肉濡渍，痹而不仁，发为肉痿（渐，染也。以水为事，常
近水也，久于水则有所留矣。居处之地又当卑湿，则肌肉受湿而濡渍，故顽痹而成肉痿也）。
有所远行劳倦，逢大热而渴，渴则阳气内伐，内伐则热舍于肾，肾者水脏也，今水不胜火，则骨枯而髓虚，
故足不任身，发为骨痿（远行劳倦则所伤在骨，逢大热者，
或逢天令之热，或阴不足而本热。火则气太过，水液必耗，故骨枯髓虚而为痿也）。
治痿者独取阳明，何也？阳明者，五脏六腑之海，主润宗筋，宗筋主束骨而利机关也（足阳明胃主纳水谷，
变化气血。以充一身，故为五脏六腑之海而下润宗筋。宗筋者，前阴所聚之筋，为诸筋之会，一身之筋皆属于
此，故主束骨而利机关）。冲脉者，经脉之海也，主渗灌溪谷，与阳明合于宗筋（冲脉为十二经之血海，故主
渗灌溪谷，冲脉起于气街，并少阴之经夹脐上行，阳明脉亦夹脐旁下行，故皆合于宗筋。）阴阳总宗筋之会，
会于气街，而阳明为之长，皆属于带脉，而络于督脉（宗筋聚于前阴，前阴者，足之三阴及阳明、少阳、冲、
任、督、跷九脉之所会也。九脉之中，惟阳明为脏腑之海，冲脉为经脉之海，此一阴一阳总之，故曰阴阳总宗
筋之会。会于气街者，气街为阳明之正脉，故阳明独为之长。带脉起于季胁，围周一身。督脉起于会阴，分三
歧为任、冲而上行腹背，故诸经皆联属于带脉，支络于督脉也）。故阳明虚则宗筋纵，带脉不引，故足痿不用也。
《逆调论》曰∶不得卧而息有音者，是阳明之逆也，足三阳者下行，今逆而上行，故息有音也（足之三阳，
其气皆下行；足之三阴，其气皆上行。此天气下降，地气上升之义，故阳明以上行为逆，逆则冲肺，故息有音
也）。阳明者胃脉也，胃者六腑之海，其气亦下行，阳明逆不得从其道，故不得卧也。……胃不和则卧不安，此
之谓也（凡人之寤寐由于卫气，卫气者昼日行于阳，则动而为寤，夜行于阴，则静而为寐。胃气逆上，则卫气不得入于
阴，故不得卧）。
《灵枢·邪客》篇曰∶厥气客于五脏六腑，则卫气独卫其外，行于阳，不得入于阴。行于阳则阳气盛，阳
气盛则阳跷陷；不得入于阴，阴虚，故目不瞑。……调其虚实，以通其道而去其邪，饮以半夏汤一剂，阴阳已
通，其卧立至（不卧之病，有心血不足者，法当养阴；有邪气逆上者，法当祛邪。半夏汤者，去邪之法也）。
以流水千里以外者八升，扬之万遍，取其清五升煮之，炊以苇薪（千里流水，取其流长源远，有疏通下
达之义也。扬之万遍，令水珠盈溢，为甘澜水，可以调和阴阳。炊以苇薪者，取其火烈也），火沸，置秫米
一升，治半夏五合，徐炊，令竭为一升半（火沸，言未投药而水先沸也。秫米，糯小米也，北人呼为小黄米，
味甘性平，能养胃和中，用以为君。治半夏，犹言制过半夏也，味辛性温，能下气化痰，用以为臣）。去其
滓，饮汁一小杯，日三稍益，以知为度（知者，病愈也）。故其病新发者，复杯则卧，汗出则已矣。久者，三
饮而已也。
《方盛衰论》曰∶肺气虚则使人梦见白物，见人斩血籍籍，得其时则梦见兵战（金色本白，故梦白物，斩
者，金之用也。虚者多畏怯，故见斩血籍籍也。得其时者，得金旺之时也）。肾气虚则使人梦见舟船溺人，得
其时则梦伏水中，若有畏恐（肾属水，故梦应之，得水旺之时，梦水益大也，恐，肾之志也）。肝气虚则梦见
菌香生草，得其时则梦伏树下不敢起（肝之应在木，虽当木旺之时，亦梦伏树下也）。心气虚则梦救火阳物，得其时则梦
燔灼（心合火，阳物即火之属也。得火旺之令，梦火益大也）。
脾气虚则梦饮食不足。得其时则梦筑垣盖屋（仓廪空虚，故思饮食，得土旺之令，则梦高土也）。
《灵枢·淫邪发梦》篇曰∶阴气盛则梦涉大水而恐惧，阳气盛则梦大火而燔 ，阴阳俱盛则梦相杀（俱盛则
争）。上盛则梦飞，下盛则梦堕（本乎天者亲上，本乎地者亲下），甚饥则梦取，甚饱则梦予。肝气盛则梦怒，
肺气盛则梦恐惧、哭泣、飞扬（肺主气，故梦飞扬），心气盛则梦善笑恐畏，脾气盛则梦歌乐、身体重不举，
肾气盛则梦腰脊两解不属。
厥气客于心，则梦见丘山烟火。客于肺，则梦飞扬，见金铁之奇物。客于肝，则梦山林树木。客于脾，则
梦见丘陵大泽，坏屋风雨。客于肾，则梦临渊，没居水中。客于膀胱，则梦游行。客于胃，则梦饮食。客于大
肠，则梦田野（大肠曲折纳污，类田野也）。客于小肠，则梦聚邑冲衢（小肠为受盛之官，类冲衢也）。客于
胆，则梦斗讼自刳（胆性刚猛。自刳者，自剖其腹也）。客于阴器，则梦接内。客于项，则梦斩首。客于胫，则梦行走而
不能前，及居深地 苑中。客于股肱，则梦礼节拜起。客于胞 ，则梦溲便（胞，即脬也， ，
大肠也。在前则梦溲，在后则梦便）。
《脉要精微论》曰∶短虫多则梦聚众，长虫多则梦相击毁伤。
《灵枢·痈疽》篇曰∶夫血脉营卫，周流不休，上应星宿，下应经数。寒邪客于经络之中则血泣，血泣则不
通，不通则卫气归之，不得复反，故痈肿。寒气化为热，热胜则腐肉，肉腐则为脓，脓不泻则烂筋，筋烂则伤
骨，骨伤则髓消，不当骨空，不得泄泻，血枯空虚，则筋骨肌肉不荣，经脉败漏，熏于五脏，脏伤故死矣（始受
寒邪，血脉凝泣，久而不去，寒化为热，痈疽乃成。伤于脏者，死不治）。
痈发于嗌中，名曰猛疽，猛疽不治，化为脓，脓不泻，塞咽半日死。其化为脓者，泻则合豕膏，冷食，三日
而已（猛疽，言其凶恶猛厉也。若脓已泻溃，当服豕膏，即猪脂之炼净者也，万氏方∶治肺热暴喑，用猪脂一
斤，去筋，入白蜜一斤，再炼少顷，滤净，冷定，不时挑服一匙，即愈）。发于颈，名曰夭疽，其痈大以赤黑，
不急治，则热气下入渊腋，前伤任脉，内熏肝肺，十余日而死矣（夭疽者，在天柱也，俗名对口。赤者，心之
色，黑者，热极反兼胜己之化也。急须治之可活，若治之稍迟或治之失宜，则毒流肺肝而死矣）。阳气大发，消脑
留项，名曰脑烁。其色不乐，项痛而如刺以针，烦心者死不可治（阳大发者，毒太甚也。色不乐者，神伤而色变，
即所谓色夭也。毒深，故痛如针刺。邪犯心君，故烦心而死）。发于肩及 ，名曰疵痈，其状赤黑，急治之，此令
人汗出至足，不害五脏，
痈发四五日逞 之（肩膊下软白肉曰 。此肺脉之病，肺主玄府，故遍身得汗也。毒从汗减，且非要害之所，
故不害五脏也。逞者，急也。 者，艾炷也，言宜急灸也）。发于腋下赤坚者，名曰米疽，治之以砭石，欲细
而长，疏砭之，涂以豕膏，六日已，勿裹之（砭石欲细者，恐伤肉也，欲长者，用在深也，故宜疏不宜密。勿裹
之者，欲其气疏泄也。豕膏者，即猪油煎当归，以蜡收者也）。其痈坚而不溃者，为马刀挟缨，急治之（挟当作侠，
缨当作瘿。马刀者，瘰 也。侠瘿者，侠颈之瘤属也）。发于胸，名曰井疽，其状如大豆，三四日起，不早治，下
入腹，不治，七日死矣（井者，喻其深而恶也，发于胸者，近犯心主，治之宜早，下入腹，则五脏俱败，死期速矣）。
发于膺。名曰甘疽，色青，其状如 实 薮，常苦寒热，急治之，去其寒热，十岁死，死后出脓（膺在胸旁高肉处，
逼近在乳上也。穴名膺窗，足阳明胃之脉也。土味甘，故曰甘疽，色青者，肝木克土也。层房累累，状如 实瓜蒌，
软而不溃，中有所蓄
如瓜子也。十岁死者，绵延难愈也）。发于胁，名曰败疵。败疵者女子之病也，灸之，其病大痈脓，治之，其
中乃有生肉，大如赤小豆。锉 、 草根各一升，以水一斗六升煮之，竭为取三升，则强饮浓衣，坐于釜上，令
汗出至足已（胁者，肝之部也,妇人多郁怒，故患此疮。 ，芰也。 ，连翘
也。二草之根俱能解毒，强饮者乘其热而强饮之，复浓衣坐于热汤之釜，熏蒸取汗，汗出至足乃透，已者，愈
也）。发于股胫，名曰股胫疽。其状不甚变，而痈脓搏骨，不急治，三十日死矣（股胫，大股也。状不甚变，
外形不显也。痈脓搏骨，即所谓贴骨痈也。毒盛而深，能下蚀三阴，阳明之大经，故不为急治。法当三十
日死矣）。发于尻，名曰锐疽，其状赤坚大，急治之，不治，三十日死矣（尻，尾 骨也。穴名长强，为督脉
之络，一名气之阴 ，故不治则死）。发于股阴。名曰赤施，不急治，六十日死。在两股之内，不治，十日而
当死（股阴，大股内侧也，当足太阴箕门、血海及足厥阴五里、阴包之间，皆阴气所聚之处，故不治则死，若
两股俱病，则伤阴之极，其死尤速，赤施者，想其当血海，故名）。发于膝，名曰疵痈，其状大痈，色不变，
寒热，如坚石，勿石之，石之者死，须其柔，乃石之者生（石之者，砭也。色不变者，不红赤也。硬者禁用砭，
软者方可用砭也）。诸痈之发于节而相应者，不可治也。发于阳者百日死，发于阴者三十日死（诸节者，神气
所游行出入也。相应者，发于上而应于下，发于左而应于右，法在不治。发于三阳之分，毒浅在腑，其死缓，
发于三阴之分者，毒深在脏，不出一月也）。发于胫，名曰兔啮。其状赤至骨，急治之，不治害人也（胫，足胫
也，兔啮，如兔所啮伤也，为其在下，高低等于兔也）。发于内踝，名曰走缓，其状痈也，色不变，数石其输，
而止其寒热，不死（数石者，屡屡砭之也。其输，即肿处也）。发于足上下，名曰四淫，其状大痈，急治之，百
日死（阳受气于四末，而大痈淫于其间，阳毒之甚也，时气更易则真阴日败，逾三月而死矣）。发于足旁，
名曰厉痈，其状不大，初如小指发，急治之去其黑者，不消辄益，不治，百日死（去其黑者而犹不消，反益大焉，则百
日必死矣）。发于足指，名曰脱痈，
其状赤黑，死不治；不赤黑，不死。不衰，急斩之，不则死矣（六经原 皆在于足，所以痈发于足者，多为凶
候。至于足指又皆六井所出，色赤黑者，其毒尤甚。若不衰退，急斩去其指，庶可保生。若稍缓，毒发伤脏而
死）。
营卫稽留于经脉之中，则血泣而不行，不行则卫气从之而不通，壅遏而不得行，故热。大热不止，热胜则
肉腐，肉腐则为脓。然不能陷，骨髓不为焦枯，五脏不为伤，故命曰痈。……热气淳盛，下陷肌肤，筋髓枯，内连
五脏，血气竭，当其痈下，筋骨良肉皆无余，故命曰痈（痈字从壅，疽字从阻，总是气血稽
留，营卫不通之症。大而浅者为痈，六腑受伤，可无大患；深而恶者为疽，五脏受伤，大可忧畏，治之者顾可
缓乎，顾可忽乎）。疽者，上之皮夭以坚，上如牛领之皮。痈者，其皮上薄以泽（夭者，色枯暗也。牛皮，喻
其浓也。泽者，光亮也）。
《灵枢·玉版》篇曰∶白眼青黑，眼小，是一逆也。内药而呕者，是二逆也。腹痛渴甚，是三逆也。肩项
中不便，是四逆也。音嘶色脱，是五逆也。
《灵枢·寒热病》篇曰∶身有五部∶伏兔一，腓二，背三，五脏之 四，项五。此五部有痈疽者死（伏兔者，胃之
穴名，在膝上六寸，阴市上五寸。腓者。足肚
也，即 也。肾之脉上 内之筑宾穴。背者，五脏之所系也。 者。五脏之所主也。项者。诸阳之要道也。
犯此五者亦名五逆）。
《灵枢·玉版》篇曰∶腹胀，身热，脉大，是一逆也（身热脉大而又腹胀，表里之邪俱盛也），腹鸣而
满，四肢清，泄，其脉大，是二逆也（腹满而清、泄，阴症也，脉大者，是脉与症反也）；衄而不止，脉大，
是三逆也（鼻衄在阴，脉大为阳，阳实阴虚，死不治）；咳且溲血脱形，其脉小劲，是四逆也（咳而溲血脱形，
正气伤也。脉虽小而劲，邪仍在也）；咳，脱形身热，脉小以疾，是谓五逆也（脱形，真气已衰。身热，邪气
未化。细小疾数，气血两败之诊也）。如是者，不过十五日而死矣（十五日交一节，言不能逾节也）。
其腹大胀，四末清，脱形，泄甚，是一逆也（腹大胀者，邪正甚也。四肢冷而脱形泄甚，脾已绝矣），
腹胀便血，其脉大时绝，是二逆也（腹胀便血，阴脱也。脉大时绝；阳脱也）；咳，溲血，形肉脱，脉搏，是
发出肺鸣，鸣响则说明肺热导致肺叶焦枯（志向不能实现，就会郁结而生火。火来克制肺金，失去平衡就会自鸣，肺鸣的话，其肺叶必然焦枯）。
大经脉空虚，发展为肌肉痹证，进而传变为脉痿（血液不足导致大经脉空虚，无法充养肌肉，所以先出现肌肉痹证，随后传入心脏成为脉痿）。
思虑无穷，愿望无法实现，意念向外淫逸，房事过度，宗筋弛缓松弛，发展为筋痿，以及白淫（思虑而不得志，则意念向外淫逸；房事太过，则精气内伤，阴液亏损而筋脉失去滋养，所以表现为弛纵和痿弱。火热动于中，肾水亏于下，于是产生白淫，白淫是指男子精浊、女子带下病）。
逐渐受湿气侵袭，以涉水为业，如果有所滞留，居住地方潮湿，肌肉被湿邪浸渍，麻木不仁，发展为肉痿（“渐”意为沾染。以水为业，就是经常接近水，久在水中就会有滞留。居住的地方又处于低洼潮湿之地，那么肌肉受湿邪浸渍，所以变得顽痹而形成肉痿）。
有过远行劳倦，遇到大热而口渴，口渴则阳气在内攻伐，内攻伐则热邪留舍在肾脏，肾是水脏，现在水不能胜火，则骨骼枯槁而骨髓空虚，所以双脚不能支撑身体，发展为骨痿（远行劳倦所损伤的是骨骼，遇到大热，或者是遇到天气炎热，或者是阴气不足而本有内热。火则气太过，水液必然耗损，所以骨骼枯槁、骨髓空虚而形成痿证）。
治疗痿证唯独取用阳明经，为什么呢？阳明经是五脏六腑的海，主要滋润宗筋，宗筋主要约束骨骼而利于关节活动（足阳明胃主受纳水谷，化生气血，以充养全身，所以称为五脏六腑的海并向下滋润宗筋。宗筋，是前阴聚集的筋脉，为诸筋之会合，全身的筋都归属于此，所以主要约束骨骼而利于关节活动）。冲脉是经脉的海，主要渗灌溪谷，与阳明经会合于宗筋（冲脉为十二经的血海，所以主要渗灌溪谷，冲脉起于气街，并足少阴肾经夹脐上行，阳明脉也夹脐旁下行，所以都汇合于宗筋）。阴阳总汇于宗筋，会合于气街，而阳明经为之主导，都归属于带脉，而联络于督脉（宗筋聚于前阴，前阴是足三阴经及阳明、少阳、冲、任、督、跷九条经脉所会合之处。九条经脉之中，只有阳明是脏腑的海，冲脉是经脉的海，这一阴一阳总体统领，所以说阴阳总汇于宗筋。会合于气街，是因为气街是阳明经的正脉，所以阳明经独自为之主导。带脉起于季胁，环绕身体一周。督脉起于会阴，分为三歧向任、冲脉而上行于腹背，所以各条经脉都联属于带脉，支络于督脉）。所以阳明经虚弱则宗筋弛纵，带脉不能牵引，所以双脚痿废不能使用。
《逆调论》说：不能仰卧且呼吸有声，这是阳明经之气逆乱所致，足三阳经的气都是下行的，现在逆向上行，所以呼吸有声（足的三条阳经，其气皆下行；足的三条阴经，其气皆上行。这是天气下降、地气上升的道理，所以阳明经以上行为逆，逆则冲犯肺脏，所以呼吸有声）。阳明经是胃脉，胃是六腑的海，其气也是下行的，阳明经之气逆乱不能顺从其常道，所以不能安卧。……胃不和则睡眠不安，说的就是这个道理（人的清醒和睡眠取决于卫气，卫气白天行于阳分，则活动而清醒；夜晚行于阴分，则安静而睡眠。胃气逆上，则卫气不能进入阴分，所以不能安卧）。
《灵枢·邪客》篇说：厥气客居于五脏六腑，则卫气单独护卫于外，行于阳分，不能进入阴分。行于阳分则阳气盛，阳气盛则阳跷脉陷滞；不能进入阴分，则阴虚，所以眼睛闭不上。……调和其虚实，以疏通其道并去除邪气，服用半夏汤一剂，阴阳已通，睡眠立刻就能恢复（不睡觉的病，有心血不足的，治法应当滋阴；有邪气逆上的，治法应当祛邪。半夏汤，是祛邪的方法）。用千里以外的流水八升，扬之万遍，取其清液五升来煮，用芦苇作燃料（千里流水，取其流长源远，有疏通下达的含义。扬之万遍，使水珠盈溢，成为甘澜水，可以调和阴阳。用芦苇作燃料，取其火势猛烈），水沸腾后，放入秫米一升，制半夏五合，慢慢煎煮，直到药汁浓缩为一升半（水沸腾，指还没投药时水先开了。秫米，就是糯小米，北方人叫小黄米，味甘性平，能养胃和中，作为君药。制半夏，即炮制过的半夏，味辛性温，能下气化痰，作为臣药）。去掉药渣，饮用一小杯汁液，每天三次，逐渐增加剂量，以见效为标准（“知”，指病愈）。所以新发的病，放下杯子就能入睡，出汗就好了。病程久的，喝三次就好了。
《方盛衰论》说：肺气虚使人梦见白色物体，看见人被斩首血流遍地，得其时（当令之时）则梦见兵战（金色本白，所以梦白色物体，斩首是金的功用。虚者多畏怯，所以梦见被斩流血。得其时，是得到金旺之时）。肾气虚使人梦见舟船溺水之人，得其时则梦见趴伏在水中，好像有畏惧恐惧（肾属水，所以梦境与之相应，得水旺之时，梦中的水更大，恐是肾的情志）。肝气虚梦见菌香生草，得其时则梦见趴伏在树下不敢起来（肝对应木，虽然当木旺之时，也梦见趴伏在树下）。心气虚梦见救火或阳刚之物，得其时则梦见焚烧灼烧（心合火，阳物即火的类别。得火旺之令，梦中的火更大）。脾气虚梦见饮食不足。得其时则梦见筑墙盖屋（粮仓空虚，所以想饮食，得土旺之令，则梦见高土）。
《灵枢·淫邪发梦》篇说：阴气盛则梦见渡大水而恐惧，阳气盛则梦见大火而燃烧，阴阳俱盛则梦见互相杀戮（俱盛则争斗）。上盛则梦见飞翔，下盛则梦见坠落（本乎天的亲近上，本乎地的亲近下），非常饥饿则梦见索取，非常饱胀则梦见给予。肝气盛则梦见发怒，肺气盛则梦见恐惧、哭泣、飞扬（肺主气，所以梦飞扬），心气盛则梦见爱笑和畏惧，脾气盛则梦见唱歌快乐、身体沉重举不起来，肾气盛则梦见腰脊两断不相连接。
厥气客于心，则梦见丘山烟火。客于肺，则梦见飞扬，看见金银铁器等奇异物品。客于肝，则梦见山林树木。客于脾，则梦见丘陵大泽，破屋风雨。客于肾，则梦见临深渊，淹没居水中。客于膀胱，则梦见游行。客于胃，则梦见饮食。客于大肠，则梦见田野（大肠曲折容纳污秽，类似田野）。客于小肠，则梦见聚集的城邑和交通要道（小肠为受盛之官，类似交通要道）。客于胆，则梦见斗讼或自刎（胆性刚猛。自刎，即自剖其腹）。客于阴器，则梦见性交。客于项部，则梦见斩首。客于小腿，则梦见行走而不能前进，以及居住在深地苑囿中。客于大腿和手臂，则梦见礼节性的拜起。客于胞脬和大肠，则梦见大小便（胞，即脬； ，大肠。在前则梦小便，在后则梦大便）。
《脉要精微论》说：短虫多则梦见聚集众人，长虫多则梦见互相击打毁伤。
《灵枢·痈疽》篇说：血脉营卫，周流不息，上应星宿，下应经数。寒邪客居于经络之中则血液凝涩，血液凝涩则不通，不通则卫气归附于此，不能再返回，所以发生痈肿。寒气化为热，热胜则腐肉，肉腐则为脓，脓不排出则烂筋，筋烂则伤骨，骨伤则髓消，如果不从骨空泄泻，血液枯竭空虚，则筋骨肌肉不荣养，经脉败漏，熏蒸于五脏，脏伤故死（开始受寒邪，血脉凝涩，久而不去，寒化为热，痈疽乃成。伤于脏者，死不治）。
痈发于咽喉中间，名叫猛疽，猛疽不治疗，化为脓，脓不排出，堵塞咽喉半天就死。如果已经化为脓，排出后配合服用豕膏（猪脂），冷食，三天就好（猛疽，形容其凶恶猛烈。如果脓已泻溃，应当服用豕膏，即炼净的猪脂。万氏方：治疗肺热暴哑，用猪脂一斤，去筋，入白蜜一斤，再炼少许时间，滤净，冷却凝固，不时挑服一匙，即愈）。发于颈部，名叫夭疽，其痈大且呈赤黑色，不紧急治疗，则热气向下进入渊腋，向前损伤任脉，向内熏蒸肝肺，十多天就死（夭疽，在天柱穴处，俗名对口。赤色是心的颜色，黑色是热极反兼胜己之化的表现。必须紧急治疗可活，如果治疗稍迟或治疗失宜，则毒流肺肝而死）。阳气大发，消烁脑髓留于项部，名叫脑烁。其面色不乐，项痛如针刺，心烦死的不可治（阳气大发，是毒太甚。面色不乐，是神伤而色变，即所谓色夭。毒深，所以痛如针刺。邪犯心君，所以烦心而死）。发于肩部及 ，名叫疵痈，其状赤黑，紧急治疗它，这让人汗出至足，不伤害五脏，痈发四五日逞 之（肩膊下软白肉曰 。这是肺脉的病，肺主玄府，所以遍身得汗。毒从汗减，且不是要害所在，所以不害五脏。逞，急。 ，艾炷，言宜紧急艾灸）。发于腋下赤硬者，名叫米疽，用砭石治疗，砭石要细而长，稀疏地刺，涂上豕膏，六天好，不要包扎（砭石要细，怕伤肉；要长，用在深处，所以宜疏不宜密。不要包扎，是想让气疏泄。豕膏，即猪油煎当归，以蜡收住）。其痈坚硬而不溃破的，为马刀挟缨，紧急治疗（挟当作侠，缨当作瘿。马刀，即瘰疬。侠瘿，即夹颈的瘤属）。发于胸部，名叫井疽，其状如大豆，三四天起，不早治，向下进入腹部，不治疗，七天死（井，比喻其深而恶。发于胸，近犯心主，治疗宜早，向下进入腹，则五脏俱败，死期速矣）。发于膺部，名叫甘疽，色青，其状如层房累累的瓜蒌，常苦寒热，紧急治疗，去除寒热，十岁死，死后出脓（膺在胸旁高肉处，逼近乳房上方。穴名膺窗，足阳明胃经的脉。土味甘，所以叫甘疽，色青是肝木克土。层房累累，状如瓜蒌，软而不溃，中有所蓄积如瓜子。十岁死，是绵延难愈）。发于胁部，名叫败疵。败疵是女子的病，灸它，其病变成大痈脓，治疗它，其中会有生肉，大如赤小豆。锉 、 草根各一升，用水一斗六升煮它，煮干取三升，则强饮，穿厚衣服，坐在釜上，令汗出至足好（胁，是肝的部位，妇人大多郁怒，所以患此疮。 ，芰。 ，连翘。二草之根都能解毒，强饮是乘其热而强饮之，复穿厚衣服坐在热汤之釜上，熏蒸取汗，汗出至足乃透，已，是愈）。发于大腿和小腿，名叫股胫疽。其状变化不明显，而痈脓紧贴骨头，不紧急治疗，三十天死（股胫，是大腿。状变化不明显，外形不显。痈脓搏骨，即所谓的贴骨痈。毒盛而深，能下蚀三阴，阳明的大经，所以不紧急治疗，法当三十日死）。发于尻部，名叫锐疽，其状赤坚大，紧急治疗，不治疗，三十天死（尻，尾骨。穴名长强，为督脉的络，一名气之阴 ，所以不治疗则死）。发于大腿内侧，名叫赤施，不紧急治疗，六十天死。在两腿内侧，不治疗，十天而死（股阴，大腿内侧，当足太阴箕门、血海及足厥阴五里、阴包之间，都是阴气聚集之处，所以不治疗则死，若两腿都病，则伤阴之极，其死尤快，赤施，想其当血海，所以命名）。发于膝部，名叫疵痈，其状大痈，色不变，寒热，如坚石，不要用砭石刺，用砭石刺的死，须等其柔软，然后用砭石刺的才生（石之，即砭。色不变，是不红赤。硬者禁用砭，软者方可用砭）。诸痈发于节而相应的，不可治。发于阳的百日死，发于阴的三十日死（诸节，是神气所游行出入的地方。相应，发于上而应于下，发于左而应于右，法在不治。发于三阳之分，毒浅在腑，其死缓，发于三阴之分者，毒深在脏，不出一个月）。发于小腿，名叫兔啮。其状赤至骨，紧急治疗，不治疗害人（胫，足胫，兔啮，如兔所咬伤，因为其在下，高低等于兔）。发于内踝，名叫走缓，其状痈，色不变，多次用砭石刺其输穴，而止其寒热，不死（数石，是屡屡砭之。其输，即肿处）。发于足上下，名叫四淫，其状大痈，紧急治疗，百日死（阳受气于四末，而大痈淫于其间，阳毒之甚也，时气更易则真阴日败，逾三月而死）。发于足旁，名叫厉痈，其状不大，初如小指发，紧急治疗去掉黑者，不消反而增大，不治疗，百日死（去掉黑者而犹不消，反增大，则百日必死）。发于足趾，名叫脱痈，其状赤黑，死不治；不赤黑，不死。不衰，紧急斩除，不然死（六经原 都在足，所以痈发于足者，多为凶候。至于足趾又都是六井所出，色赤黑者，其毒尤甚。若不衰退，紧急斩去其指，庶可保生。若稍缓，毒发伤脏而死）。
营卫稽留在经脉之中，则血液凝涩而不行，不行则卫气随之而不通，壅遏而不得行，所以发热。大热不止，热胜则肉腐，肉腐则为脓。然而不能深陷，骨髓不为焦枯，五脏不为伤，所以名叫痈。……热气淳盛，下陷肌肤，筋髓枯，内连五脏，血气竭，当其痈下，筋骨良肉皆无余，所以名叫疽（痈字从壅，疽字从阻，总是气血稽留，营卫不通的症。大而浅者为痈，六腑受伤，可无大患；深而恶者为疽，五脏受伤，大可忧畏，治之者岂可缓乎，岂可忽乎）。疽，上面的皮枯暗而坚硬，上面像牛颈之皮。痈，其皮上薄而有光泽（夭，色枯暗。牛皮，喻其浓。泽，光亮）。
《灵枢·玉版》篇说：白眼青黑，眼小，是一逆。内服药而呕吐的，是二逆。腹痛渴甚，是三逆。肩项中不便，是四逆。音嘶色脱，是五逆。
《灵枢·寒热病》篇说：身有五部：伏兔一，腓二，背三，五脏之腧四，项五。此五部有痈疽的死（伏兔，是胃的穴名，在膝上六寸，阴市上五寸。腓，是小腿肚，即腨。肾之脉上腨内之筑宾穴。背，是五脏之所系。腧，是五脏之所主。项，是诸阳的要道。犯此五者也叫五逆）。
《灵枢·玉版》篇说：腹胀，身热，脉大，是一逆（身热脉大而又腹胀，表里之邪俱盛），腹鸣而满，四肢清冷，泄泻，其脉大，是二逆（腹满而清冷、泄泻，阴症，脉大，是脉与症反）；鼻衄不止，脉大，是三逆（鼻衄在阴，脉大为阳，阳实阴虚，死不治）；咳嗽且尿血脱形，其脉小劲，是四逆（咳而尿血脱形，正气伤。脉虽小而劲，邪仍在）；咳嗽，脱形身热，脉小以疾，是谓五逆（脱形，真气已衰。身热，邪气未化。细小疾数，气血两败之诊）。像这样，不超过十五天就死（十五天交一节，说不能逾节）。
其腹大胀，四肢清冷，脱形，泄甚，是一逆（腹大胀，邪正甚。四肢冷而脱形泄甚，脾已绝），腹胀便血，其脉大时绝，是二逆（腹胀便血，阴脱。脉大时绝；阳脱）；咳嗽，尿血，形肉脱，脉搏，是
Lung resonance occurs, and when resonance is heard, it indicates lung heat causing the lung leaves to become scorched (Unfulfilled aspirations lead to stagnation and fire generation. Fire attacks Metal [the Lung], losing balance causes self-resonance; if the Lung resonates, its leaves must be scorched).
The large meridians become empty, developing into muscle bi syndrome, which transmits to become Mai Wei (Pulse Flaccidity) (Insufficient blood leads to emptiness of the large meridians, unable to nourish muscles, thus first presenting as muscle bi, then transmitting to the Heart to become Pulse Flaccidity).
Endless thoughts, unfulfilled desires, mental lust directed outward, excessive sexual intercourse leading to flaccidity of the Zong Jin (major tendons), developing into Jin Wei (Tendon Flaccidity) and Bai Yin (White Turbidity) (Thoughts without fulfillment lead to mental lust outward; excessive intercourse injures essence inward, Yin deficiency causes tendons to lose nourishment, resulting in flaccidity and Wei. Fire moves within, Water亏 (deficiency) below, resulting in Bai Yin; Bai Yin refers to turbid semen in men and leukorrhea in women).
Gradual exposure to dampness, working with water, lingering in wet environments, living in damp dwellings, muscles soaked by dampness, becoming numb and insensible, developing into Rou Wei (Flesh Flaccidity) ("Jian" means contamination. Working with water implies frequent proximity to water; lingering in water leads to accumulation. Living in low, damp places causes muscles to be soaked by dampness, resulting in stubborn bi and Flesh Flaccidity).
Fatigue from long journeys combined with extreme heat and thirst, where thirst causes Yang Qi to attack internally, internal heat lodging in the Kidney. The Kidney is the Water organ; now Water cannot overcome Fire, leading to dry bones and empty marrow, causing the feet to be unable to support the body, developing into Gu Wei (Bone Flaccidity) (Long journeys fatigue the bones; extreme heat may be external weather or internal Yin deficiency with latent heat. Fire causes Qi excess, consuming fluids, leading to dry bones and empty marrow, forming Wei syndrome).
Treating Wei syndromes focuses solely on the Yangming meridian. Why? The Yangming is the Sea of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, primarily moistening the Zong Jin. The Zong Jin binds the bones and facilitates joint movement (The Foot-Yangming Stomach channel governs the intake of water and grain, transforming them into Qi and Blood to nourish the whole body, hence it is the Sea of the Five Zang and Six Fu and moistens the Zong Jin downward. The Zong Jin is the convergence of tendons at the anterior genitalia, the meeting point of all tendons, so all tendons belong to it, binding bones and facilitating joints). The Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) is the Sea of the Meridians, primarily seeping and irrigating the Xi Gu (valleys), combining with the Yangming at the Zong Jin (The Chong Mai is the Blood Sea of the Twelve Meridians, seeping into the valleys. It originates at Qichuan, runs upward alongside the Kidney channel near the navel, while the Yangming channel runs downward beside the navel, so they combine at the Zong Jin). Yin and Yang converge at the Zong Jin, meeting at Qichuan, with the Yangming acting as the leader. All connect to the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) and link to the Du Mai (Governor Vessel) (The Zong Jin gathers at the anterior genitalia, which is the meeting point of the Foot-Sanyin, Yangming, Shaoyang, Chong, Ren, Du, and Chong channels. Among these nine channels, only Yangming is the Sea of Zang-Fu, and Chong is the Sea of Meridians; this Yin-Yang combination governs them, hence "Yin and Yang converge at the Zong Jin." Meeting at Qichuan occurs because Qichuan is the main pathway of the Yangming, making it the leader. The Dai Mai originates at the costal region, encircling the body. The Du Mai originates at Huiyin, splitting into three branches ascending along the abdomen and back via Ren and Chong, so all meridians attach to the Dai Mai and branch to the Du Mai). Thus, Yangming deficiency leads to Zong Jin flaccidity, Dai Mai fails to pull, causing foot Wei and inability to use the legs.
The *Ni Diao Lun* states: Inability to lie flat with noisy breathing indicates reversal of Yangming Qi. The Foot-Taiyang, Shaoyang, and Yangming channels normally descend; now they reverse and ascend, causing noisy breathing (Foot-Taiyang, Shaoyang, and Yangming Qi descends; Foot-Taiyin, Shaoyang, and Jueyin Qi ascends. This reflects Heaven's Qi descending and Earth's Qi ascending. Thus, Yangming ascending is reversal; reversal attacks the Lung, causing noisy breathing). The Yangming is the Stomach meridian; the Stomach is the Sea of the Six Fu organs, and its Qi also descends. Reversal of Yangming Qi prevents it from following its normal path, causing inability to sleep... "When the Stomach is not harmonious, sleep is uneasy," referring to this (Awakening and sleeping depend on Wei Qi. Wei Qi travels in Yang during the day, causing activity and wakefulness; it travels in Yin at night, causing stillness and sleep. Stomach Qi reversing upward prevents Wei Qi from entering Yin, causing insomnia).
The *Ling Shu · Xie Ke* chapter states: Jue Qi lodging in the Five Zang and Six Fu organs causes Wei Qi to guard only the exterior, traveling in Yang, unable to enter Yin. Traveling in Yang makes Yang Qi abundant; abundant Yang causes the Yang Qiao vessel to sink. Unable to enter Yin causes Yin deficiency, resulting in inability to close the eyes... Regulate deficiency and excess to unblock the pathway and eliminate evil, administer one dose of Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction). Once Yin and Yang are unblocked, sleep returns immediately (Insomnia due to Heart Blood deficiency requires nourishing Yin; due to rebellious evil requires expelling evil. Banxia Tang is a method to expel evil). Use eight sheng of flowing water from a thousand li away, toss it ten thousand times, take five sheng of the clear liquid to boil, using reed wood for fuel (Flowing water from afar symbolizes long duration and source, having the meaning of dredging and descending. Tossing creates Ganalán Water [Sweet Ripple Water] to harmonize Yin and Yang. Reed wood provides intense fire). When boiling, add one sheng of Shumi (Sorghum) and five he of Zhi Banxia (Prepared Pinellia), simmer slowly until reduced to one and a half sheng (Boiling refers to water boiling before adding herbs. Shumi is glutinous millet, sweet and neutral, nourishes Stomach and harmonizes Middle, used as Jun [Emperor]. Zhi Banxia is prepared Pinellia, pungent and warm, directs Qi downward and transforms phlegm, used as Chen [Minister]). Remove dregs, drink one small cup, three times daily, gradually increasing dosage, stopping when effect is achieved ("Zhi" means cure). New onset cases sleep immediately after drinking; sweating cures it. Chronic cases cure after three doses.
The *Fang Sheng Shuai Lun* states: Lung Qi deficiency causes dreams of white objects, seeing people beheaded with blood everywhere; when in season, dreams of battle (Metal color is white, hence white objects; beheading is the function of Metal. Deficiency brings fear, hence dreaming of beheading. "In season" means when Metal is prosperous). Kidney Qi deficiency causes dreams of boats drowning people; when in season, dreams of lying in water with fear (Kidney belongs to Water, so dreams correspond; when Water is prosperous, water dreams intensify; fear is the emotion of Kidney). Liver Qi deficiency causes dreams of fragrant grass growing; when in season, dreams of lying under trees afraid to rise (Liver corresponds to Wood; even when Wood is prosperous, dreams of lying under trees). Heart Qi deficiency causes dreams of saving fires or yang objects; when in season, dreams of burning (Heart combines with Fire; yang objects belong to Fire. When Fire is prosperous, fire dreams intensify). Spleen Qi deficiency causes dreams of insufficient food and drink. When in season, dreams of building walls and roofs (Granaries empty, thinking of food; when Earth is prosperous, dreams of high earth).
The *Ling Shu · Yin Xie Fa Meng* chapter states: Excess Yin causes dreams of crossing large waters with fear; excess Yang causes dreams of great fire burning; excess Yin and Yang cause dreams of killing each other (Excess leads to conflict). Upper excess causes dreams of flying; lower excess causes dreams of falling (Heavenly things relate to above, earthly things to below). Extreme hunger causes dreams of taking; extreme fullness causes dreams of giving. Liver Qi excess causes dreams of anger; Lung Qi excess causes dreams of fear, crying, flying (Lung governs Qi, hence flying dreams); Heart Qi excess causes dreams of laughing and fear; Spleen Qi excess causes dreams of singing/joy, heavy body unable to lift; Kidney Qi excess causes dreams of waist and spine separating.
Jue Qi lodging in the Heart causes dreams of hills and smoke/fire. Lodging in the Lung causes dreams of flying and seeing strange metal objects. Lodging in the Liver causes dreams of mountains and forests. Lodging in the Spleen causes dreams of hills, large marshes, broken houses, wind, and rain. Lodging in the Kidney causes dreams of facing abysses, submerged in water. Lodging in the Bladder causes dreams of wandering. Lodging in the Stomach causes dreams of eating. Lodging in the Large Intestine causes dreams of fields (Large Intestine is convoluted and holds waste, resembling fields). Lodging in the Small Intestine causes dreams of crowded cities and thoroughfares (Small Intestine is the official of reception, resembling thoroughfares). Lodging in the Gallbladder causes dreams of fighting, lawsuits, or self-mutilation (Gallbladder is fierce; self-mutilation means cutting one's own belly). Lodging in the Genitals causes dreams of intercourse. Lodging in the Neck causes dreams of decapitation. Lodging in the Calves causes dreams of walking but unable to advance, or dwelling in deep gardens. Lodging in the Thighs and Arms causes dreams of bowing and rising in etiquette. Lodging in the Pa and Large Intestine causes dreams of urination and defecation (Pa is the bladder; Da Chang is Large Intestine. Anterior causes dream of urine, posterior causes dream of stool).
The *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun* states: Many short parasites cause dreams of gathering crowds; many long parasites cause dreams of fighting and injuring each other.
The *Ling Shu · Yong Ju* chapter states: Blood vessels and Ying-Wei circulate ceaselessly, corresponding to stars above and numbers below. Cold evil lodging in meridians causes blood stasis; stasis causes blockage; blockage causes Wei Qi to gather there, unable to return, resulting in carbuncles. Cold transforms into heat; heat excess rots flesh; rotted flesh becomes pus. If pus is not drained, tendons rot; rotten tendons injure bones; injured bones consume marrow. If not drained through bone apertures, blood becomes empty, tendons, bones, and muscles lose nourishment, meridians fail and leak, steaming the Five Zang, causing death (Initial cold causes blood stasis; prolonged stasis transforms to heat, forming carbuncles/ulcers. Injury to Zang results in death, untreatable).
Carbuncle occurring in the throat is named Meng Ju (Fierce Ulcer). Untreated, it becomes pus; if pus is not drained, blocking the throat causes death in half a day. If pus forms, drain it and apply Shi Gao (Pig Fat), consumed cold, curing in three days (Meng Ju implies ferocity. If pus drains, take Shi Gao, refined pig fat. Wan's Formula: For sudden hoarseness due to Lung heat, use one jin pig fat, remove sinews, add one jin white honey, refine briefly, filter, cool, take one spoon occasionally, cures instantly). Carbuncle on the neck is named Yao Ju. Large and red-black, untreated, heat enters Yuan Ye downward, damaging Ren Mai forward, steaming Liver and Lung internally, causing death in ten days (Yao Ju is at Tianzhu, commonly known as "duikou". Red is Heart color; black is extreme heat mimicking overcoming transformation. Urgent treatment saves life; delay or improper treatment causes poison to flow to Lung/Liver, causing death). Excessive Yang fire, consuming brain marrow remaining in the neck, is named Nao Shuo (Brain Scorcher). Unhappy complexion, neck pain like needle pricks, irritability indicates death, untreatable (Excessive Yang is severe poison. Unhappy complexion indicates Spirit injury and color change [severe pallor/darkness]. Deep poison causes needle-like pain. Evil attacking Heart Monarch causes irritability and death). Carbuncle on shoulder and , named Ci Yong. Red-black appearance, urgent treatment induces sweating to the feet, does not harm Five Zang. Treat Ci Yong at four to five days (Soft white flesh below shoulder is . This is Lung meridian disease; Lung governs sweat pores, hence whole-body sweating. Poison reduces via sweat, not vital area, so no Zang harm. Cheng means urgent. Ai Zhu is moxa cone, indicating urgent moxibustion). Carbuncle on armpit, red and hard, named Mi Ju (Rice Carbuncle). Treat with Bian Shi (Bian stones), fine and long, sparse puncture, apply Shi Gao, cure in six days, do not bandage (Fine Bian stones avoid flesh injury; long ones reach depth; sparse avoids density. No bandaging allows Qi release. Shi Gao is pig oil fried with Dang Gui, set with wax). Hard carbuncles that do not ulcerate are Ma Dao Xia Ying (Horse Knife with Pendant), treat urgently (Xia means adjacent; Ying means goiter. Ma Dao is scrofula. Xia Ying is tumor adjacent to neck). Carbuncle on chest, named Jing Ju (Well Ulcer). Like soybean, appears in three to four days. Untreated, descends to abdomen, death in seven days (Jing implies deep and evil. Chest location near Heart Master, treat early. Descending to abdomen ruins Five Zang, rapid death). Carbuncle on Ying (chest side), named Gan Ju (Sweet Ulcer). Green color, shape like layered gourds, suffers chills and fever. Urgent treatment removes chills/fever, death in ten years, pus exits after death (Ying is high flesh beside chest, near breast. Acupoint Yingchuang, Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. Earth flavor is sweet, hence Gan Ju. Green is Liver Wood overcoming Earth. Layered shape like gourd, soft but not ulcerated, contains seeds inside. Ten years death implies lingering difficult cure). Carbuncle on hypochondrium, named Bai Ci. Disease of women. Moxibustion causes large abscess/pus. Treatment reveals flesh inside, size of red bean. Hypochondrium is Liver area; women often have depression/anger, causing this sore. Ji is water caltrop; Lian Qiao is Forsythia. Roots detoxify. Drink hot liquid strongly, wear thick clothes, sit on hot pot, induce sweating to feet, cure. Carbuncle on thigh/calf, named Gu Ting Ju. Appearance unchanged, pus adheres to bone. Untreated, death in thirty days (Gu Ting is thigh. Appearance unchanged means superficial invisibility. Pus adhering to bone is "bone-adherent carbuncle". Deep poison erodes Three Yin and Yangming major meridians. Without urgent treatment, death in thirty days). Carbuncle on sacrum, named Rui Ju. Red, hard, large. Urgent treatment; untreated, death in thirty days (Sacrum is coccyx. Acupoint Changqiang, Du Mai collateral, name Qi Yin. Untreated death). Carbuncle on inner thigh, named Chi Shi. Untreated, death in sixty days. On both inner thighs, untreated, death in ten days (Inner thigh is Taiyin Jimen, Xuehai, Jueyin Wuli, Yinbao areas, Yin accumulation. Untreated death; bilateral injury extreme Yin, faster death. Chi Shi named after Xuehai). Carbuncle on knee, named Ci Yong. Large carbuncle, color unchanged, chills/fever, hard as stone. Do not pierce; piercing causes death. Wait for softness, then pierce for survival (Piercing means Bian. Color unchanged means not red. Hard prohibits Bian; soft allows Bian). Carbuncles at joints with corresponding symptoms are untreatable. Those on Yang die in hundred days; those on Yin die in thirty days (Joints are pathways of Shen Qi. Correspondence means upper/lower or left/right symmetry, untreatable. Yang division, shallow poison in Fu, slow death; Yin division, deep poison in Zang, death within month). Carbuncle on calf, named Tu Nie (Rabbit Bite). Red to bone, urgent treatment; untreated harms person (Calf, rabbit bite resembles rabbit wound, low position equals rabbit). Carbuncle on medial malleolus, named Zou Huan. Carbuncle appearance, color unchanged. Frequent Bian at Shu points stops chills/fever, no death (Frequent Bian means repeated puncture. Shu is swelling site). Carbuncle on top/bottom of foot, named Si Yin. Large carbuncle, urgent treatment, death in hundred days (Yang Qi receives from extremities; large carbuncle here is extreme Yang poison. Seasonal changes damage True Yin, death beyond three months). Carbuncle on side of foot, named Li Yong. Not large, starts like finger, urgent treatment remove black. If not resolved, enlarges, untreated death in hundred days (Removing black but not resolving leads to enlargement, hundred days death). Carbuncle on toe, named Tuo Yong. Red-black, death untreatable; not red-black, no death. If not declining, amputate urgently, else death (Six Meridian Yuan points on feet; foot carbuncles are ominous. Toes are Six Jing outlets; red-black is severe poison. If not declining, amputate toe to save life. Delay causes poison to injure Zang, death).
Ying-Wei stagnating in meridians causes blood stasis and non-flow; Wei Qi follows but cannot pass, obstructed and stagnant, generating heat. Persistent high heat rots flesh, becoming pus. However, it does not sink deeply; marrow is not scorched, Zang not injured, hence named Yong (Carbuncle)... Intense heat sinking into skin, drying tendons/marrow, connecting internally to Zang, exhausting Qi/Blood, beneath the Yong, bones/tendons/flesh remain, hence named Ju (Ulcer) (Yong derives from "obstruct", Ju from "block"; both are Qi/Blood stagnation, Ying-Wei blockage. Large/shallow is Yong, Fu injury, less severe; deep/evil is Ju, Zang injury, serious. Can treatment be delayed or ignored?). Ju has pale, hard skin like ox neck. Yong has thin, glossy skin (Pale means dull color; ox neck implies thickness; gloss implies brightness).
*Ling Shu · Yu Ban* states: White eye blue/black, small eyes, is First Reverse. Vomiting after taking medicine, is Second Reverse. Abdominal pain with extreme thirst, is Third Reverse. Shoulder/neck stiffness, is Fourth Reverse. Hoarse voice, exhausted complexion, is Fifth Reverse.
*Ling Shu · Han Re Bing* states: Body has five parts: Futu (1), Calf (2), Back (3), Five Zang Shu (4), Neck (5). Carbuncles/Ulcers in these five parts cause death (Futu is Stomach acupoint, 6 cun above knee, 5 cun above Yinshi. Calf is gastrocnemius. Kidney meridian passes through Zubin on calf. Back connects to Five Zang. Shu governs Five Zang. Neck is pathway of all Yang. Violating these is Five Reverses).
*Ling Shu · Yu Ban* states: Abdominal distension, fever, large pulse, is First Reverse (Fever/large pulse + distension, exterior/interior evil excess). Abdominal rumbling/fullness, cold limbs, diarrhea, large pulse, is Second Reverse (Fullness/cold/diarrhea is Yin syndrome; large pulse contradicts symptoms). Epistaxis uncontrolled, large pulse, is Third Reverse (Nosebleed is Yin, large pulse is Yang, Yang excess/Yin deficiency, death untreatable). Cough, hematuria, emaciation, small forceful pulse, is Fourth Reverse (Cough/hematuria/emaciation injures Zheng Qi. Small forceful pulse means evil remains). Cough, emaciation, fever, small rapid pulse, is Fifth Reverse (Emaciation indicates depleted True Qi. Fever indicates untransformed evil. Small/rapid pulse indicates dual Qi/Blood failure). Such cases die within fifteen days (Fifteen days marks a solar term; cannot exceed term).
Abdominal distension, cold limbs, emaciation, severe diarrhea, is First Reverse (Distension indicates severe evil/righteous struggle. Cold limbs/emaciation/severe diarrhea indicates Spleen exhaustion). Abdominal distension, bloody stool, large intermittent pulse, is Second Reverse (Distension/bloody stool indicates Yin depletion. Large intermittent pulse indicates Yang depletion). Cough, hematuria, flesh loss, pulsating pulse, is