石中之得冲气者也,故味甘、淡,气寒,无毒。入足太阳膀胱经,兼入足阳明、
手少阴太阳、阳明经。用质之药也。以滑为性,故利诸窍、通壅滞下垢腻,甘以和胃
气,寒以散积热。甘寒滑利,以合其用,是为祛暑散热、利水除湿、消积滞、利下窍之
要药也。
滑石,利六腑之积滞,宜九窍之秘结,解烦渴,分水道,降火清肺,和胃消暑,散
结通乳。然有湿便涩者,宜淡渗之。无湿者,宜滋润之,不可利也。且滑胎滑精,并
宜知戒。
主治(痘疹合参) 治痘热甚,惊狂谵语,利小便,通九窍,逐六腑滞结,退诸积
热,解心火之毒热。不可轻用,致成冰伏。
按∶洁古云∶滑则利窍,不与淡渗药同。时珍曰∶滑石利窍,不独小便也。上能
利毛腠之窍,下能利精尿之窍,多服使人小便多,精窍滑。脾虚下陷者,尤宜忌之。
即吸铁石。宜火烧醋淬,研末,水飞用。或醋煮三日夜。生于有铁处,得金水之
气以生,故味辛、咸,气寒,无毒。诸药石皆有毒,独磁石性禀冲和,无猛悍之气。味
寒色黑,更有补肾益精之功。渍酒优于丸散,石性体重故耳。辛能散结,寒能泄热,
黑而法水,咸而入肾,故为软坚清热润下补肾之用。
磁石,火 照法醋淬,镇心益肾,除大热烦满,去周痹酸痛,绵裹治耳聋,和药点
目瞀,强骨气,益肾脏,通关节,消痈疽,益精除烦,鼠 痈肿,逐惊痫风邪,祛颈核
喉痛,炼水旋饮,合人有妊。若误吞针,系线服下引上即出。
主治(痘疹合参) 功效同前。痘科用以消痘痈,定惊能除大热。
石类药材中禀受冲和之气的是滑石,所以它味甘、淡,气寒,无毒。它入足太阳膀胱经,兼入足阳明经、手少阴心经和手太阳小肠经。它是质地重坠的药物。以“滑”为药性特点,所以能通利各种孔窍,疏通壅滞,排出垢腻;甘味能调和胃气,寒性能消散积热。甘、寒、滑、利的特性结合其功效,是祛除暑热、散发热量、利水除湿、消除积滞、通利下焦孔窍的重要药物。
滑石能通利六腑的积滞,适宜治疗九窍的闭塞郁结,解除烦渴,分利水道,降火清肺,调和胃气消暑,散结并通乳。然而,对于有湿邪导致小便涩滞者,宜用淡渗利湿之品;无湿邪者,宜用滋润之法,不可单纯使用利水药。此外,滑石有滑胎(导致流产)和滑精(导致遗精)的副作用,应当特别警惕戒除。
主治(痘疹合参):治疗痘疮热势极盛,出现惊狂、胡言乱语等症状,通过利小便、通九窍、驱逐六腑的滞结、消退各种积热,来解除心火的毒热。不可轻易使用,以免导致病邪冰伏(邪气被寒凉药物遏制而深伏体内)。
按语:张洁古说:滑石性滑能利窍,不与淡渗利湿药同用。李时珍说:滑石利窍,不仅仅在于小便。上能利皮毛腠理的孔窍,下能利精液和小便的孔窍,多服使人小便增多,精窍滑利。脾虚下陷的患者,尤其应当忌用。
磁石即吸铁石。适宜用火煅烧后浸入醋中淬炼,研成粉末,用水飞法处理使用。或者用醋煮三昼夜。磁石生于含铁的地方,禀受金和水的气化而生,所以味辛、咸,气寒,无毒。一般的药石大多有毒,唯独磁石性质平和冲和,没有猛烈悍戾之气。味道寒凉,颜色黑,更有补肾益精的功效。浸泡在酒中服用优于制成丸散,这是因为石质沉重缘故。辛味能散结,寒性能泄热,黑色对应水行,咸味入肾,所以具有软坚散结、清热润下、补肾的作用。
磁石,按照火煅醋淬的方法处理后,能镇心安神、补益肾脏,清除大热引起的烦闷胀满,去除周身痹症酸痛,绵裹塞耳治疗耳聋,配合药物点眼治疗视物模糊,强健骨气,补益肾脏,通利关节,消散痈疽,益精除烦,治疗鼠瘘(淋巴结核)痈肿,驱逐惊痫风邪,祛除颈部肿块和喉痛,炼成的水旋饮(磁石水),合有人参等药服用。如果误吞针,系线服用可引出针头使其排出。
Among stone minerals, Talcum (Huashi) is that which obtains the harmonious Qi. Therefore, its taste is sweet and bland, its nature is cold, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Zu Taiyang Pang Guang Jing), and concurrently enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian (Zu Yangming Wei Jing), Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian (Shou Shaoyin Xin Jing), and Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian (Shou Taiyang Xiao Chang Jing). It is a substance-heavy drug. With "slippery" as its characteristic property, it benefits various orifices, unblocks stagnation, and discharges turbid impurities; its sweetness harmonizes Stomach Qi, and its coldness dissipates accumulated heat. The combination of sweet, cold, slippery, and draining properties makes it an essential herb for dispelling summerheat, clearing heat, promoting urination to remove dampness, eliminating stagnation, and benefiting the lower orifices.
Talcum (Huashi) benefits the stagnation of the Six Fu-organs, is suitable for the blockage of the Nine Orifices, relieves irritability and thirst, separates water pathways, descends fire and clears the Lungs, harmonizes the Stomach to dissipate summerheat, resolves nodules, and promotes lactation. However, for those with dampness causing urinary difficulty, bland-draining herbs are appropriate; for those without dampness, moistening methods are suitable, and pure diuretics should not be used. Moreover, due to its tendency to cause miscarriage (slipping the fetus) and seminal emission, one must strictly observe caution.
Main Indications (Comprehensive Analysis of Smallpox and Measles): Treats severe heat in smallpox, accompanied by fright, mania, and delirious speech. By promoting urination, opening the nine orifices, driving out stagnation in the six fu-organs, and retreating various accumulated heats, it resolves the toxic heat of Heart Fire. It should not be used lightly, lest it cause "ice-fusion" (where pathogenic factors are suppressed and trapped deep within by excessive cold).
Commentary: Zhang Jiegu stated: "Slipperiness benefits orifices; it should not be combined with bland-draining herbs." Li Shizhen stated: "Talcum benefits orifices, not only in urination. Superiorly, it benefits the orifices of skin and interstices; inferiorly, it benefits the orifices of essence and urine. Excessive consumption causes frequent urination and slippery essence orifices. Patients with Spleen deficiency and sinking Qi should especially avoid it."
Magnetitum (Cishi) is the lodestone. It is suitable for calcining over fire, quenching in vinegar, grinding into powder, and using the water-decoction method (water flying). Alternatively, it can be boiled in vinegar for three days and nights. It grows in places containing iron, obtaining the Qi of Metal and Water for its generation. Therefore, its taste is acrid and salty, its nature is cold, and it is non-toxic. Most mineral drugs are toxic, but Magnetitum (Cishi) possesses a balanced and harmonious nature, lacking fierce or harsh qualities. Its cold taste and black color give it the function of tonifying the Kidney and benefiting essence. Soaking it in wine is superior to making pills or powders, primarily because of its heavy stone nature. Acridity can resolve nodules, coldness can drain heat, black corresponds to Water, and saltiness enters the Kidney. Thus, it is used for softening hardness, clearing heat, moistening downward movement, and tonifying the Kidney.
Magnetitum (Cishi), processed by calcining and vinegar-quenching, calms the Heart and benefits the Kidney, removes severe heat and fullness/irritability, eliminates generalized bi-syndrome pain and soreness, treats deafness when wrapped in cotton, is used in eye drops to treat visual blurring, strengthens bone Qi, benefits the Kidneys, unblocks joints, dissipates carbuncles and sores, benefits essence and removes irritability, treats scrofula and swelling, drives out wind-pathogens from epilepsy and fright, dispels neck masses and throat pain, drinking the prepared aqueous solution, or combining with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix). If a needle is accidentally swallowed, administering it tied to a thread can draw the needle up for extraction.
Main Indications (Comprehensive Analysis of Smallpox and Measles): Efficacy is the same as above. In smallpox treatment, it is used to eliminate smallpox carbuncles, calm fright, and clear severe heat.