太阳腑者，足太阳膀胱是也。膀胱有经、有腑。邪在于经，则头痛发热；邪在于腑，则
口渴溺赤。外显太阳经病，而兼口渴溺赤者，此溺涩不通，乃太阳腑病，与他脏无涉也，五
苓散主之。若表证未罢，可与散剂同用。
茯苓（三钱） 猪苓 泽泻（各八分） 桂枝（一钱） 白术（一钱五分
水煎服，以利为度。
愚按∶前症，自汗脉浮者，由中风入本腑可用此方；无汗脉紧者，由伤寒入本腑，即于
香苏散中加茯苓、泽泻，应手而效。
问曰∶膀胱有水，何以反渴也？答曰∶水有清浊，浊水不去，则津液不生，故渴也。且
水停有湿，邪入则热，湿热相聚，则渴。今分利之，俾湿热流通而渴自止矣。若病在经而未
入腑者，切不可用渗利药反引邪气入本腑也。
足阳明胃，有经、有腑。经者，径也，犹路径然；腑者，器也，所以盛水谷者也。邪在
于经，不过目痛鼻干，唇焦漱水而已。邪既入腑，则潮热、谵语、狂乱、不得眠、烦渴、自
汗、便闭诸症生焉，白虎汤、承气汤并主之。但阳明腑病，有由本经入本腑者；有由太阳、
少阳入本腑者；有由三阴经入本腑者。来路不同，见证则一，治者详之。
治阳明腑病，脉洪大、蒸热、潮热、谵语、燥渴、自汗，或胃热发斑，但腹
中未坚硬，大便未闭结，此阳明散漫之热，邪未结聚，故用本方，辛凉和解之剂。
石膏（五钱） 知母（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 粳米（一撮
水煎服。
若热甚者，倍之。
大法自汗多者，加人参，名人参白虎汤。
挟湿者，加苍术，
按∶此方，必燥渴、潮热、自汗、脉洪，有此八字，方可与之。若表证仍在而不燥渴者
切不可用也。又太阳证，发热而渴，小便不利者，为膀胱腑病，不可与白虎汤。若直中阴
寒，面赤烦热，似渴非渴，欲坐卧泥水中，此真寒假热之证，必须温补。又有血虚发热，证
象白虎，宜用当归补血汤，若误投石膏、知母，则倾危可立而待矣。
太阳腑病，指的是足太阳膀胱经所属的腑。膀胱既有经络，也有腑体。如果邪气停留在经络，就会出现头痛、发热的症状；如果邪气进入腑体，就会出现口渴、小便短赤的症状。如果外显太阳经病的症状，同时兼有口渴和小便短赤，这是因为小便涩滞不通，属于太阳腑病，与其他脏腑无关，治疗应以五苓散为主方。如果表证尚未解除，可以将五苓散作为散剂与解表药同用。
五苓散组成：茯苓（三钱）、猪苓、泽泻（各八分）、桂枝（一钱）、白术（一钱五分）。用水煎服，以小便通利为度。
我按语：上述病症，如果是自汗且脉象浮的，是由中风邪气侵入本腑，可以使用此方；如果是无汗且脉象紧的，是由伤寒邪气侵入本腑，应在香苏散中加入茯苓、泽泻，服用后能立即见效。
问：膀胱中有水液，为什么反而会出现口渴呢？答：水液有清浊之分，如果浊水不去除，津液就无法生成，所以会口渴。而且水液停聚会产生湿气，邪气侵入后化为热，湿热相结，就会导致口渴。现在通过分利的方法，使湿热流通，口渴自然停止。如果病邪在经络而未进入腑体，切不可使用渗湿利尿的药物，否则反而会引邪气深入本腑。
足阳明胃，既有经络，也有腑体。所谓“经”，就是路径的意思，就像道路一样；所谓“腑”，就是容器的意思，是用来盛放水谷的器官。邪气停留在经络，不过出现眼睛疼痛、鼻子干燥、嘴唇焦裂、想含水漱口而已。邪气既然进入腑体，就会发生潮热、说胡话、狂乱、无法入睡、烦躁口渴、自汗、大便闭塞等各种症状，治疗可用白虎汤或承气汤。但是阳明腑病，有的是由本经传入本腑的；有的是由太阳经、少阳经传入本腑的；有的是由三阴经传入本腑的。来路不同，但表现出的症状却一致，医生诊治时需仔细辨别。
治疗阳明腑病，如果脉象洪大、蒸蒸发热、潮热、说胡话、极度口渴、自汗，或者因胃热导致皮肤发斑，只要腹部没有坚硬感，大便没有闭结，这属于阳明散漫之热，邪气尚未结聚，因此使用本方，即辛凉和解的药剂。
白虎汤组成：石膏（五钱）、知母（三钱）、甘草（二钱）、粳米（一撮）。用水煎服。
如果热势严重，加倍用量。
根据一般法则，如果自汗多的，加入人参，称为人参白虎汤。如果夹杂湿气的，加入苍术。
我按语：此方必须见到燥渴、潮热、自汗、脉洪大这八个字具备的情况下，才可以给予使用。如果表证仍在且不燥渴的，切不可使用。另外，太阳证如果出现发热而口渴、小便不利的，是膀胱腑病，不可给予白虎汤。如果是直中阴寒证，表现为面红、烦躁发热、似渴非渴、想要坐卧在泥水中，这是真寒假热的证候，必须使用温补法。还有血虚导致的发热，症状类似白虎汤证，应该使用当归补血汤，如果误投石膏、知母，病情危重即刻可待。
Taiyang Fu Disease refers to the Fu organ of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder meridian. The Bladder has both a meridian (Jing, 经络) and a Fu organ. If pathogenic factors reside in the meridian, headache and fever occur; if they enter the Fu organ, thirst and dark, scanty urine occur. When Taiyang meridian symptoms are present externally, accompanied by thirst and dark urine, this indicates obstructed and difficult urination, constituting Taiyang Fu disease, unrelated to other Zang-Fu organs. Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is the primary formula. If exterior syndromes have not yet resolved, it may be used as a powder concurrently with exterior-resolving agents.
Wuling San Composition: Fuling (Poria, 3 qian), Zhuling (Polyporus, 8 fen), Zexie (Alisma, 8 fen), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, 1 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1.5 qian). Decoct in water and take orally; stop when urination becomes smooth.
My Commentary: For the aforementioned symptoms, if spontaneous sweating and a floating pulse are present, it results from Wind-strike pathogens entering the primary Fu organ, and this formula can be used; if there is no sweating and a tight pulse, it results from Cold-pathogen invasion into the primary Fu organ, and adding Fuling and Zexie to Xiangsu San (Fragrant Su Dispersion) will yield immediate effect.
Question: Since there is water in the Bladder, why does thirst occur? Answer: Water has clear and turbid aspects. If turbid water is not eliminated, body fluids (Jinye, 津液) cannot be generated, leading to thirst. Moreover, stagnant water generates dampness; when pathogens invade, heat arises. The aggregation of dampness and heat causes thirst. By promoting diuresis to facilitate the flow of dampness and heat, thirst ceases naturally. If the pathogen is in the meridian and has not entered the Fu organ, one must absolutely avoid using diuretic herbs, as this would draw the pathogen deeper into the primary Fu organ.
The Foot-Yangming Stomach has both a meridian and a Fu organ. "Meridian" implies a pathway, like a road; "Fu organ" implies a vessel, used to hold food and fluids. If pathogens reside in the meridian, symptoms are limited to eye pain, nasal dryness, cracked lips, and the desire to rinse the mouth with water. Once pathogens enter the Fu organ, symptoms such as tidal fever, delirium, mania, insomnia, irritability, thirst, spontaneous sweating, and constipation arise. Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) and Chengqi Tang (Downward-Pouring Decoctions) are both indicated. However, Yangming Fu disease may originate from the primary meridian entering the primary Fu organ; or from the Taiyang or Shaoyang meridians entering the primary Fu organ; or from the Three Yin meridians entering the primary Fu organ. Although the origin differs, the manifestations are identical; physicians must examine these details carefully.
In treating Yangming Fu disease, if the pulse is surging (Hongda, 洪大), with steaming fever, tidal fever, delirium, severe thirst, spontaneous sweating, or macules due to stomach heat, provided the abdomen is not hard and stool is not impacted, this represents diffuse heat in Yangming where pathogens have not yet coalesced. Therefore, this formula, a pungent-cool harmonizing agent, is used.
Baihu Tang Composition: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 5 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 3 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 qian), Jingsmi (Rice Grain, a pinch). Decoct in water and take orally.
If heat is severe, double the dosage.
According to general principles, if spontaneous sweating is profuse, add Renshen (Ginseng Root), termed Ren Shen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction). If complicated by dampness, add Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma).
My Commentary: This formula should only be administered when the eight characters—severe thirst, tidal fever, spontaneous sweating, and surging pulse—are all present. If exterior syndromes persist without severe thirst, it must absolutely not be used. Furthermore, in Taiyang syndrome, if fever is accompanied by thirst and difficult urination, it is Bladder Fu disease, and Baihu Tang must not be given. If direct invasion of Yin-cold occurs, presenting with facial redness, irritability and heat, apparent but not true thirst, and a desire to sit or lie in mud/water, this is a True Cold False Heat syndrome, requiring warming and tonification. Additionally, fever due to Blood deficiency presents symptoms resembling Baihu Tang syndrome; Danggui Buxue Tang (Tangkuei Decoction for Invigorating Blood) should be used. If Shigao and Zhimu are mistakenly administered, critical danger ensues immediately.