或问曰∶脉浮何以是太阳表证？答曰∶按之不足，举之有余，故曰浮。《内经》曰寸口
脉浮，主病在外。浮而紧者为伤寒；浮而缓者为伤风，皆主表邪也。设若邪气入里，则脉必
沉，又焉得浮？故浮脉为太阳表证。又问曰∶脉浮固属表证，倘里证见，而脉尚浮者，治当
何如？答曰∶里证脉浮，恐表邪未尽也，必先解表而后攻里。书云解表不开，切勿攻里。仲
景云结胸证，脉浮者不可下。可见脉浮为在表矣。然有表证已罢，便闭谵语，腹痛口渴，而
脉尚浮者，又当从权下之。仲景云脉浮而大有热，属脏者，攻之，不令发汗。此之谓也，此
取证不取脉也。
问曰∶脉不出，何以是表证？答曰∶脉者，血之府，热则血行，岂有脉伏之理，惟表受
寒深，故脉伏。一手无脉曰单伏，两手无脉曰双伏。外显太阳证，而脉伏不出者，寒气闭塞
也。然此实将汗之机，欲愈之候也。书云∶天气燠蒸，必有大雨，雨过而天气清，犹汗出而
精神爽也。又问曰∶里证脉伏者，何也？答曰∶里证脉伏，惟直中有之，亦寒气闭塞也，宜
用四逆汤加猪胆汁、葱白以温之。若传经里证则属热，热则血行，何得脉伏？又问曰∶亦有
阳证脉伏者，何也？答曰∶阳证脉伏者，乃郁热极深，反见假寒之象，脉涩滞之甚，似伏而
非伏也，然必有唇焦、口燥，饮冷、便闭诸症，与阴寒脉伏者，相隔霄壤。又或有痛处，痛
极则脉伏，痛止则脉出也。至于寻常脉伏，非表证，即直中矣。
有人问：脉象浮为什么属于太阳表证？回答说：重按感觉力量不足，轻取感觉搏动明显，所以称为“浮”。《内经》说：寸口脉浮，主病邪在体表。脉象浮而紧的属于伤寒；脉象浮而缓的属于伤风，都主表邪。如果邪气入里，脉象必然沉，又怎么会是浮呢？所以浮脉属于太阳表证。又问：脉浮确实属于表证，但如果出现里证症状，而脉象仍然浮，治疗应当怎么办？回答说：里证见浮脉，恐怕是表邪尚未清除，必须先解除表邪，然后再攻逐里邪。医书说：表邪未解，千万不要攻里。张仲景说：结胸证，如果脉浮，不可用下法。可见脉浮表示病邪在表。然而，如果有表证已经消除，出现大便不通、胡言乱语、腹痛口渴等症状，而脉象仍然浮的，又应当权变处理，使用下法。张仲景说：脉浮而且热势很盛，病属脏腑实热的，应当用攻下法，不要发汗。说的就是这种情况，这是依据症状而不单纯依据脉象。
问：脉搏摸不到（伏脉），为什么属于表证？回答说：脉是血液汇聚的地方，热则血行通畅，怎么会有脉伏的道理呢？只有感受寒邪深重，才会导致脉伏。一只手摸不到脉叫单伏，两只手都摸不到脉叫双伏。外表显现太阳表证，但脉伏摸不到，是因为寒气闭塞所致。但这实际上是即将出汗的征兆，是病情将要痊愈的候象。医书说：天气闷热蒸腾，必定有大雨，雨过之后天气清爽，就像出汗之后精神爽快一样。又问：里证出现脉伏是怎么回事？回答说：里证出现脉伏，只见于直中寒证，也是寒气闭塞所致，适宜用四逆汤加猪胆汁、葱白来温阳散寒。如果是传经而来的里证则属于热证，热则血行通畅，怎么会脉伏呢？又问：也有阳证出现脉伏的，是怎么回事？回答说：阳证出现脉伏，是由于郁热极深，反而出现假寒的现象，脉象涩滞非常严重，看似伏脉而非真伏脉，但一定伴有嘴唇焦枯、口干舌燥、想喝冷水、大便闭塞等症状，这与阴寒导致的脉伏截然不同。或者又有疼痛部位，痛到极致时脉伏，疼痛停止后脉象就出现了。至于寻常的脉伏，不是表证，就是直中寒证了。
A question was asked: Why is a floating pulse considered a Taiyang exterior syndrome? The answer is: When pressed deeply, the force feels insufficient; when lifted lightly, the pulsation is prominent. Hence, it is called "floating." The *Neijing* states: "A floating pulse at the Cun Kou (radial artery) indicates disease located in the exterior." A floating and tight pulse indicates Cold Damage (Shanghan); a floating and moderate pulse indicates Wind Strike (Shangfeng). Both indicate exterior pathogens. If the pathogen enters the interior, the pulse must become deep; how could it be floating? Therefore, a floating pulse belongs to Taiyang exterior syndrome. Another question was asked: Although a floating pulse indeed belongs to an exterior syndrome, if interior symptoms appear while the pulse remains floating, how should treatment proceed? The answer is: An interior syndrome presenting with a floating pulse suggests that the exterior pathogen has not yet been fully resolved. One must first release the exterior before attacking the interior. Medical texts state: "If the exterior is not resolved, do not attack the interior." Zhang Zhongjing stated: "In Jie Xiong syndrome (chest binding), if the pulse is floating, purgation is contraindicated." This demonstrates that a floating pulse indicates the pathogen is in the exterior. However, if the exterior syndrome has already subsided, yet constipation, delirium, abdominal pain, and thirst are present, while the pulse remains floating, one should apply a flexible approach and use purgation. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "When the pulse is floating and there is intense heat, indicating involvement of the zang organs, employ purgation; do not induce sweating." This refers to relying on symptoms rather than solely on the pulse.
A question was asked: Why is a pulse that cannot be felt (hidden/fu pulse) considered an exterior syndrome? The answer is: The vessels are the reservoir of blood. Heat causes blood to flow freely; how could there be a hidden pulse due to heat? Only when cold pathogen penetrates deeply does the pulse become hidden. Inability to feel the pulse in one hand is called "single hidden"; inability to feel it in both hands is called "double hidden." When Taiyang exterior signs are manifest externally, but the pulse is hidden and unfelt, it is due to obstruction by cold qi. However, this is actually a sign that sweating is imminent and recovery is approaching. Medical texts state: "When the weather is hot and muggy, heavy rain must follow; after the rain, the weather clears, just as spirit refreshes after sweating." Another question was asked: What causes a hidden pulse in interior syndromes? The answer is: A hidden pulse in interior syndromes occurs only in direct transmission of cold (Zhi Zhong), also caused by obstruction of cold qi. It is appropriate to use Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) added with Porcine Bile (Swinis Fel) and Scallion White (Cong Bai) to warm the body. If the disease transmits through the meridians into the interior, it belongs to heat syndromes. Heat causes blood to flow; how could the pulse be hidden? Another question was asked: There are also Yang syndromes presenting with a hidden pulse; what is the cause? The answer is: In Yang syndromes, a hidden pulse results from extreme depression of heat, which paradoxically presents as false cold. The pulse is extremely choppy and sluggish, appearing hidden but not truly hidden. However, it must be accompanied by symptoms such as cracked lips, dry mouth, desire for cold drinks, and constipation. This is worlds apart from the hidden pulse seen in Yin-cold syndromes. Alternatively, there may be painful areas; when pain reaches its extreme, the pulse becomes hidden, and when pain ceases, the pulse reappears. As for ordinary hidden pulses, they are either exterior syndromes or direct transmission of cold.