治伤寒温病，表证未罢，大便已实者。
柴胡（三钱） 薄荷（三钱） 知母（四钱） 大黄（四钱）
此方若治伤寒，以防风易薄荷。
《伤寒论》大柴胡汤，治少阳经与阳明府同病之方也。故方中用柴胡以解在经之邪，大黄以下阳明在府之
热，方中以此二药为主，其余诸药，可加可减，不过参赞以成功也。然其方宜于伤寒，而以治温病、与表证不
在少阳者，又必稍为通变，而后所投皆宜也。
或问∶其表果系少阳证，固宜用柴胡矣。若非少阳证，既加薄荷、防风以散表邪，何须再用柴胡乎？答曰∶
凡表证未罢，遽用降药下之，恒出两种病证∶一为表邪乘虚入里，《伤寒论》所载，下后胸满心下痞硬，下后
结胸者是也；一为表邪乘虚入里且下陷，《伤寒论》所谓，下之利不止者是也。此方中用防风、薄荷以散之，
所以防邪之内陷，用柴胡以升之，所以防邪之下陷也。
一人，年二十余。伤寒六七日，头疼恶寒，心中发热，咳吐粘涎。至暮尤寒热交作，兼眩晕，心中之热亦
甚。其脉浮弦，重按有力，大便五日未行。投以此汤，加生石膏六钱、芒硝四钱，下大便二次。上半身微见汗，
诸病皆见轻。惟心中犹觉发热，脉象不若从前之浮弦，而重按仍有力。拟投以白虎加人参汤，恐当
下后，易作滑泻，遂以生山药代粳米，连服两剂全愈。
《伤寒论》中的大柴胡汤，是治疗少阳经与阳明腑同病的方剂。因此方中使用柴胡来解除在经之邪气，使用大黄来泻下阳明在腑的热邪，方中以这两味药为主，其余药物可以根据情况加减，只是起到辅助成功的作用。然而这个方子适宜于伤寒，而用来治疗温病、以及表证不在少阳经的情况时，又必须稍作变动，这样用药才适宜。
有人问：如果表证确实是少阳证，固然应该用柴胡了。如果不是少阳证，既然加了薄荷、防风来疏散表邪，为什么还要再用柴胡呢？回答说：凡是表证未解，就急于用降下药攻下，常常出现两种病证：一是表邪乘虚入里，《伤寒论》所载的下后胸满心下痞硬，下后结胸的就是这种情况；二是表邪乘虚入里并且下陷，《伤寒论》所谓下之利不止的就是这种情况。此方中使用防风、薄荷来疏散它，所以防止邪气内陷，使用柴胡来提升它，所以防止邪气下陷。
有一人，二十多岁。患伤寒六七天，头痛恶寒，心中发热，咳嗽吐粘涎。到了傍晚尤其寒热交替发作，兼有眩晕，心中的热也很厉害。他的脉象浮弦，重按有力，大便五天没有排便。投以此汤，加生石膏六钱、芒硝四钱，排出大便两次。上半身微微出汗，各种病症都减轻。只有心中仍然觉得发热，脉象不像从前那样浮弦，但重按仍然有力。打算投以白虎加人参汤，恐怕在下法之后，容易变成滑泻，于是用生山药代替粳米，连续服用两剂完全痊愈。
To treat Taiyang disease (Taiyang disease, a syndrome caused by pathogenic factors affecting the Taiyang channel) or warm diseases, where the exterior syndrome has not yet resolved but the stool has already become solid.
Chaihu (3 qian) Bohe (3 qian) Zhimu (4 qian) Dahuang (4 qian)
If this formula is used to treat Taiyang disease, replace Bohe with Fangfeng.
The Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) in *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases) is a formula for treating simultaneous disease of the Shaoyang channel and Yangming fu-organ. Therefore, Chaihu is used in the formula to resolve the pathogen in the channel, and Dahuang is used to purge the heat in the Yangming fu-organ. These two herbs are the main components of the formula; the remaining herbs can be added or subtracted as needed, merely assisting to achieve success. However, while this formula is suitable for Taiyang disease, when used to treat warm diseases or cases where the exterior syndrome is not located in the Shaoyang channel, slight modifications must be made so that the administration is appropriate.
One might ask: If the exterior syndrome is indeed a Shaoyang syndrome, it is certainly appropriate to use Chaihu. But if it is not a Shaoyang syndrome, since Bohe and Fangfeng have been added to disperse the exterior pathogen, why is Chaihu still necessary? The answer is: Whenever an exterior syndrome has not resolved, if one rashly uses purgative drugs to descend, two types of pathological conditions often arise: one is the exterior pathogen entering the interior due to deficiency; examples recorded in *Shanghan Lun* include chest fullness and epigastric hardness after purgation, and chest binding after purgation. The other is the exterior pathogen entering the interior and sinking downward; this corresponds to what *Shanghan Lun* describes as persistent diarrhea after purgation. In this formula, Fangfeng and Bohe are used to disperse the pathogen, thereby preventing its internal sinking; Chaihu is used to elevate, thereby preventing its downward collapse.
A patient, over twenty years old, had suffered from Taiyang disease for six or seven days, experiencing headache, aversion to cold, fever in the heart region, and coughing up sticky saliva. By evening, chills and fever alternated more severely, accompanied by dizziness and intense heat in the heart region. His pulse was floating and wiry, forceful upon heavy pressure, and he had not passed stool for five days. This decoction was administered with Sheng Shigao (Raw Gypsum Fibrosum, 6 qian) and Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 4 qian) added. He passed stool twice. There was slight sweating on the upper half of the body, and all symptoms alleviated. However, he still felt heat in the heart region, and although his pulse was no longer as floating and wiry as before, it remained forceful upon heavy pressure. It was intended to administer Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng), fearing that after purgation, loose stools might easily occur. Therefore, Sheng Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Raw) was used instead of Jingmi (Oryza Sativa, Rice), and after taking two doses, he recovered completely.