篇名：上编 外治法
分类：胸背部
属性：[1]凫骨者，即胸下之边肋也。
[2]上下二条，易被损伤，左右皆然。自此以上，有肘臂护之，难以着伤
。在下近腹者，用手提之易治，盖其肋近边，可以着手，则断肋能复
其位也。
[3]其人必低头伛腰，痛苦呻吟，惟侧卧不能仰卧，若立起，五内皆痛，
或头迷神昏，饮食少进：
<1>宜内服正骨紫金丹。
<2>洗以八仙逍遥汤。
<3>贴万灵膏及散瘀等药可愈。
[4]若在上之第二肋，或有断裂垫伤，塌陷不起，因位居膈上，难以入手
，虽强为之，亦难完好。其所伤之血留于膈上，若不随药性开行，必
结成包囊，其包轻者系黄水，硬者系血块，则成痼疾矣。
按、方剂：[1]正骨紫金丹：见颠顶骨伤
[2]八仙逍遥汤：见玉梁骨伤
[3]万灵膏：见囟骨伤
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属性：[1]今之正骨科，即古跌打损伤之证也。专从血论，须先辨或有瘀血停积
，或为亡血过多，然后施以内治之法，庶不有误也。
[2]夫皮不破而内损者，多有瘀血；破肉伤□，每致亡血过多。二者治法
不同。
<1>有瘀血者，宜攻利之。
<2>亡血者，宜补而行之。
<3>但出血不多，亦无瘀血者，以外治之法治之。
[3]更察其所伤，上下轻重浅深之异，经络气血多少之殊，必先逐去瘀血
，和荣止痛，然后调养气血，自无不效。
[4]若夫损伤杂证，论中不及备载者，俱分门晰类，详列于后，学者宜尽
心焉。
按、方剂：
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上编 外治法
分类：胸背部
属性：[1]凫骨，就是胸部下方的边缘肋骨。
[2]上下两条（肋骨），容易受到损伤，左右两侧都是如此。从这两条肋骨往上，有肘部和手臂保护，难以直接受伤。
在下方靠近腹部的肋骨，用手提拉即可治疗，因为它的肋骨靠近身体边缘，手可以够得着，所以断裂的肋骨能够复位。
[3]患者必定低头弯腰，痛苦呻吟，只能侧卧不能仰卧，如果站立起来，五脏六腑都疼痛，
或者出现头晕神昏、饮食减少的症状：
<1>适宜内服正骨紫金丹。
<2>外用八仙逍遥汤清洗患处。
<3>贴敷万灵膏及散瘀等药物即可痊愈。
[4]如果在上面的第二条肋骨，或者有断裂并伴有挫伤，塌陷无法隆起，因为它位于膈肌上方，难以下手操作，
即使强行处理，也难以恢复完好。所受伤的血液停留在膈肌上方，如果不随着药性运行消散，
必然结成包囊，轻者形成黄水（积液），重者形成血块，就会变成顽固的疾病了。
按语、方剂：[1]正骨紫金丹：参见颠顶骨伤章节
[2]八仙逍遥汤：参见玉梁骨伤章节
[3]万灵膏：参见囟骨伤章节
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属性：[1]现在的正骨科，就是古代所说的跌打损伤病症。专门从“血”的角度来论述，必须先辨别是有瘀血停滞积聚，
还是因为失血过多，然后施以内治之法，才不会出错。
[2]皮肤没有破损但内部受损的，多有瘀血；皮肉破损出血的，往往导致失血过多。这两种情况的治法不同。
<1>有瘀血的，适宜用攻逐利下的方法。
<2>失血的，适宜用补益兼行气活血的方法。
<3>但是出血不多，也没有瘀血的，用外治法治疗。
[3]还要观察受伤的部位，上下轻重浅深的差异，经络气血多少的不同，必须先去除瘀血，调和营卫止痛，
然后调养气血，自然没有不有效的。
[4]至于损伤杂症，论中来不及详细记载的，都分门别类，详细列在后面，学习者应当尽心研究。
按语、方剂：
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Upper Compilation: External Treatment Methods
Classification: Chest and Back Region
Attributes: [1] Fugu (Web-bone), referring to the marginal ribs at the lower edge of the chest.
[2] The upper and lower two ribs are prone to injury, on both left and right sides. Above these ribs, they are protected by the elbows and arms, making direct injury difficult.
For those located lower, near the abdomen, they can be treated by lifting with the hand, as these ribs are close to the body's periphery, allowing access; thus, fractured ribs can be reduced to their proper position.
[3] The patient will inevitably bow their head and stoop their waist, groaning in pain, able only to lie on their side and unable to lie supine. If they stand up, pain is felt throughout the internal organs (Zang-Fu).
Alternatively, there may be dizziness, confusion of spirit, and reduced intake of food and drink:
<1> Internal administration of Zhenggu Zijian Dan (Bone-Setting Purple-Gold Pill) is suitable.
<2> Wash the area with Baxian Xiaoyao Tang (Eight Immortals Free-and-Easy Decoction).
<3> Application of Wanling Gao (Myriad Spirits Plaster) and blood-dispersing medications can lead to recovery.
[4] If the second rib above is fractured or injured by contusion, causing depression without elevation, because it is located above the diaphragm, it is difficult to manipulate.
Even if forced, complete restoration is hard to achieve. The injured blood remaining above the diaphragm, if not dispersed by the medicinal properties, will inevitably form a capsule.
Mild cases involve yellow fluid (effusion), while severe cases involve blood clots, resulting in chronic, stubborn diseases.
Commentary & Formulas: [1] Zhenggu Zijian Dan: See section on Head/Crown Bone Injury.
[2] Baxian Xiaoyao Tang: See section on Yuliang Bone Injury.
[3] Wanling Gao: See section on Fontanelle Bone Injury.
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Attributes: [1] Modern Orthopedics corresponds to ancient treatments for falls, blows, and injuries. It focuses specifically on "Blood." One must first distinguish whether there is stagnant blood accumulation or excessive blood loss, before applying internal treatment methods, to avoid errors.
[2] Injuries where the skin is intact but internal damage exists often involve blood stasis; injuries where flesh and skin are broken often result in excessive blood loss. The treatment principles for these two conditions differ.
<1> For blood stasis, purgative and resolving methods are appropriate.
<2> For blood loss, tonifying and promoting circulation methods are appropriate.
<3> However, if bleeding is minimal and there is no blood stasis, external treatment methods should be used.
[3] Furthermore, observe the differences in location, severity, depth, and the variations in the quantity of Qi and Blood in the meridians. First, eliminate blood stasis, harmonize Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive levels) to relieve pain, and then nourish Qi and Blood. Effectiveness is assured.
[4] Regarding miscellaneous injury syndromes not fully covered in this treatise, they are categorized and detailed subsequently. Students should study them diligently.
Commentary & Formulas:
Note:
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