16.往来寒热少阳证, 寒热相因小柴胡, 如疟寒热三五发, 太阳麻桂
等汤除.
【注】寒而热, 热而寒, 寒热相因不已, 故名曰往来寒热, 为少阳主
证,宜小柴胡汤. 寒热而有作止之常, 一日一次, 或隔日一次, 谓之
疟,属杂病也. 寒热而无作止之常, 日三、五发, 谓之如疟, 属太阳
经未尽之表邪也, 宜麻桂各半汤. 若热多寒少, 宜桂枝二越婢一汤;
若有汗宜桂枝二麻黄一汤, 若无汗亦宜麻桂各半汤. 此皆治太阳未尽
之微邪法也.
17.少阳目眩神自正, 诸逆昏乱不能生, 重暍耳聋湿温汗, 不语面色
变身青.
【注】目眩者, 目黑不明也; 耳聋者, 耳无所闻也, 皆少阳经主证,
非死候也. 其目之明, 其耳之聪, 神自完整. 若因三法失宜, 致诸变
逆坏证, 目眩而神昏言乱, 乃神散气脱之候, 故曰不能生也. 若因误
发湿温家汗而不能言语, 耳聋无闻, 身青面色变者, 名曰重暍, 亦死
证也.
18.腹满时痛不足证, 腹满大痛有余名. 误下邪陷太阴里, 汗热便硬
转阳明.
【注】腹满时痛为不足, 桂枝加芍药汤, 不愈, 用理中汤. 腹满大痛
为有余, 桂枝加大黄汤. 此皆误下邪陷太阴之里证也. 若潮热自汗,
大便硬, 则为太阴之邪转属阳明也, 宜大承气汤.
16. 往来寒热是少阳病的证候，治疗应使用小柴胡汤来调和寒热。如果寒热发作像疟疾一样，一天发作三到五次，这属于太阳经表邪未完全解除的情况，应当使用麻黄汤、桂枝汤等方剂来祛除表邪。
【注释】先感到寒冷随后发热，或先发热随后感到寒冷，寒热交替出现没有休止，因此称为“往来寒热”，这是少阳病的主证，适宜使用小柴胡汤。寒热发作有固定的规律，比如每天一次，或者隔天一次，这被称为“疟疾”，属于杂病范畴。寒热发作没有固定的规律，一天发作三到五次，这被称为“像疟疾一样（如疟）”，属于太阳经未尽的表邪，适宜使用麻桂各半汤。如果热多寒少，适宜使用桂枝二越婢一汤；如果有汗出，适宜使用桂枝二麻黄一汤；如果没有汗出，也适宜使用麻桂各半汤。这些都是治疗太阳经未尽微邪的方法。
17. 少阳病出现目眩，说明神气自然尚且正常；各种逆乱导致的昏沉混乱则是无法救治的死证。误治导致的重暍和湿温病会出现耳聋、不能言语、面色变青等症状。
【注释】目眩是指眼睛视物昏暗不明；耳聋是指耳朵听不到声音，这两者都是少阳经的主证，并不是死症。只要眼睛还能看清，耳朵还能听清，说明神气是完整的。如果因为发汗、催吐、泻下三种治疗方法不当，导致各种变证和坏证，出现目眩且神志昏迷、言语错乱，这是神气散失、元气脱竭的征象，所以说无法救治。如果因为错误地给患有湿温病的患者发汗，导致不能言语、耳聋听不见、身体发青、面色改变，这种情况叫做“重暍”，也是死证。
18. 腹部胀满且偶尔疼痛属于虚证（不足），腹部胀满且剧烈疼痛属于实证（有余）。误用泻下法导致邪气内陷进入太阴里证，若伴有潮热、自汗、大便干硬，则转化为阳明病。
【注释】腹部胀满且间歇性疼痛属于正气不足，适宜使用桂枝加芍药汤，如果无效，再使用理中汤。腹部胀满且剧烈疼痛属于邪气有余，适宜使用桂枝加大黄汤。这些都属于误用泻下法导致邪气内陷太阴里的证候。如果出现潮热、自汗、大便干硬，则是太阴病的邪气转属阳明病，适宜使用大承气汤。
16. Alternating chills and fever is a syndrome of the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel, treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) to harmonize the chills and fever. If the chills and fever occur like malaria, three to five times a day, this belongs to the residual exterior pathogenic factor of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel, which should be eliminated using formulas such as Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) or Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
[Annotation] Feeling cold followed by fever, or fever followed by cold, with alternating chills and fever without cessation, is therefore called "alternating chills and fever." This is the principal syndrome of the Shaoyang channel, suitable for treatment with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). Chills and fever that occur with a regular pattern, once a day or every other day, are called "malaria" (Nue), belonging to miscellaneous diseases. Chills and fever that lack a regular pattern, occurring three to five times a day, are called "like malaria" (Ru Nue), belonging to the residual exterior pathogenic factor of the Taiyang channel, suitable for treatment with Ma Gui Ge Ban Tang (Half-Ma Huang Half-Gui Zhi Decoction). If there is more heat and less cold, Gui Zhi Er Yue Bi Yi Tang (Two Parts Cinnamon Twig and One Part Gypsum and Ephedra Decoction) is suitable; if there is sweating, Gui Zhi Er Ma Huang Yi Tang (Two Parts Cinnamon Twig and One Part Ephedra Decoction) is suitable; if there is no sweating, Ma Gui Ge Ban Tang (Half-Ma Huang Half-Gui Zhi Decoction) is also suitable. These are all methods for treating the mild residual pathogenic factors of the Taiyang channel.
17. In Shaoyang disease, dizziness indicates that the Shen (Spirit) is naturally intact; various forms of reversal and chaos leading to coma indicate a condition that cannot survive. Severe heatstroke (Zhong Ye) and damp-warmth diseases caused by mismanagement result in deafness, inability to speak, and a bluish complexion.
[Annotation] Dizziness (Mu Xuan) refers to blurred vision; deafness (Er Long) refers to the inability to hear. Both are principal syndromes of the Shaoyang channel and are not signs of death. As long as vision remains clear and hearing remains acute, it indicates that the Shen (Spirit) is complete. However, if improper use of the three methods (sweating, vomiting, purging) leads to various adverse changes and deteriorated syndromes, resulting in dizziness accompanied by mental confusion and disordered speech, this is a sign of scattered Shen (Spirit) and depleted Qi (Vital Energy), hence it is said to be incurable. If sweating is incorrectly induced in patients with damp-warmth disease, leading to an inability to speak, deafness, a bluish body, and altered facial color, this condition is named "Zhong Ye" (Severe Heatstroke), which is also a fatal syndrome.
18. Abdominal fullness with intermittent pain indicates a deficiency syndrome (Bu Zu); abdominal fullness with severe pain indicates an excess syndrome (You Yu). Incorrect use of purgatives causes the pathogenic factor to sink into the interior of the Taiyin (Greater Yin) channel. If accompanied by tidal fever, spontaneous sweating, and hard stool, the condition transforms into Yangming (Yang Brightness) disease.
[Annotation] Abdominal fullness with intermittent pain indicates insufficiency of Zheng Qi (Upright Qi), suitable for treatment with Gui Zhi Jia Shao Yao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction with Added Peony Root). If ineffective, Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is used. Abdominal fullness with severe pain indicates excess, suitable for treatment with Gui Zhi Jia Da Huang Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction with Added Rhubarb). These all belong to interior syndromes of the Taiyin channel caused by the sinking of pathogenic factors due to incorrect purging. If there is tidal fever, spontaneous sweating, and hard stool, it indicates that the pathogenic factor of the Taiyin channel has transferred to the Yangming channel, suitable for treatment with Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction).