《病源论》云∶凡古井冢及深坑、井，多有毒瓦斯，不可辄入，五月、六月间最甚，以其
郁气盛故也。若事辄必须入者，先下鸡鸭毛试之，若毛旋转不下，即有毒，便不可入也。
《短剧方》云∶凡五月、六月，深井中及深突深冢中皆有毒瓦斯，入令人郁KT ，能杀
人，如其必宜入中者，当先以鸡鸭鹅毛及杂毛投其中，毛得自下至底者则无毒瓦斯也。毛若倒
上不下，回旋四边者则有毒瓦斯，不可入也。亦可纳生鸡、鸭、鹅、豚、犬、羊生物居中，既
有毒瓦斯，其生物须臾自死也。事计必宜入中不得已者，当先以酒，若苦酒数斗浇洒井冢坎中
边，停小时，然后可入也。若觉中此气，郁闷奄奄，欲死者，还取其中水数斛，洒人面并水
含饮之，又以灌其头身从头至足，须臾则活也。其中若无水者，乃取他水也。
《千金方》治入井冢毒方∶
取他井水灌身上，至三辰顷活。若东井取西井，西井取东，南取北，北取南。
《葛氏方》治入井及冢中，遇毒瓦斯，气息奄奄，便绝方∶
以水 其面，并令含水，又使汲其所入井若冢中水数斛以灌之，从头至足须臾活。
又方∶服诸解毒犀角、雄黄、麝香之属，豉豆、竹沥、升麻诸汤。
《病源论》云∶凡蛊有数种，皆是变惑之气也。人有故造作之，多取虫蛇之类，以器盛
贮，任其自相啖食，唯一物独在者，即名谓之为蛊，便能变惑。随逐酒食，为人患祸，祸于
他人，则蛊主吉利。所以不羁之徒，而畜事之。
又云∶面色青黄者，是蛇蛊也。腹内热闷，身体恒病，面色赤黄者，是蜴蛊也。腰背微
满，舌上生疮，颜色乍白乍青，腹内胀满，状如虾蟆，是虾蟆蛊也。颜色多青，毒成吐出似
蜣螂，是蜣螂蛊也。
又云∶有飞蛊，来无由，渐状如鬼气者。
又云∶氐羌毒者，犹是蛊类，于氐羌界城得之，故谓之氐羌毒病，状中中蛊，心腹刺痛。
又云∶有野道者，是无主之蛊也，畜事蛊人，死灭无所，依止田野道路之间，犯害人者，
故谓之野道。
又云∶欲知是蛊与非，当令病患唾水内，沉者是蛊，浮者非蛊也。
又云∶含大豆，若是蛊，豆皮脱；若非蛊，不烂脱也。
《葛氏方》云∶欲知蛊主姓名方∶
取鼓皮，少少烧末，饮病患，病患须臾自当呼蛊主姓名，可语使呼取去，去即病愈（今
按∶《极要方》水饮。）
又方∶ 荷叶，密着病患卧席下，亦即呼蛊主姓名。
又云∶治饮食中蛊毒，令人腹内坚痛，面目青黄，淋露骨立，色变无常方∶
雄黄、丹砂、藜芦各一两，捣筛，旦以井花水服一刀圭，当吐蛊毒。（今按∶《集验方》
云∶三物各一分，有蛊当吐；不吐，非蛊之。）
又云∶若蛊已食下部，肛尽肠穿者方；
以猪胆淋内中，以绵染塞之。
又云∶治中蛊吐血，或下血皆如烂肝方∶
盐一升，淳苦酒一升，和一服，立出，即愈。
又方∶茜草根、 荷根各三两， 咀，以水四升，煮得二升，去滓顿服即愈。又自当呼
蛊主姓名，茜草即染绛茜草也。
《短剧方》治蛊方∶
举树皮广五寸，长一尺，芦薇根五寸，如人足父指大者。凡二物切，以水一升，清酒三
升，煮取一升，顿服当下蛊。
又方∶土瓜根，大如母指，长三寸， 咀，以酒半升，渍一宿，去滓，一服。
《集验方》治下部若蛊食入，从后孔见肠方∶
虾蟆青背长身者，乌鸡骨各烧作屑，分等，合之以吹下部孔中，大良。
又云∶治猝中蛊，下血如鸡肝者，昼夜去石余血，四脏悉坏，唯心未毁，或乃鼻破待死
者方∶桔梗，捣，下筛，以酒服方寸匕，日三。
又方∶隐忍根，捣取汁二升，分三服。桔梗苗也。
《千金方》治蛊方∶
槲树北阴皮去苍大指长寸，水三升，煮取一升，空腹服之，蛊虫出。
又方∶ 皮灰，水服方寸匕。
《医门方》治蛊毒方∶
取巴豆一枚，去心，豉三粒，釜底黑方寸匕，合捣，分服一丸，吐虫，即服甚良。
又方∶ 荷煮汁饮，干湿根得用多少。
《极要方》疗蛊毒方∶
水煮独行根一、二两，取汁服之，吐蛊毒。
《救急单验方》治蛊毒方∶
捣药子三枚，服立验。
《徐伯方》治蛊方∶
取茜草，生捣绞取汁，日可服二、三升，复恒取汁，作食及煮粥。
《僧深方》治猝急蛊吐欲死方∶
生索濯名根茎，捣绞取汁得一升，顿服之，不过再三作，神良。
《范汪方》治蛊方∶
菖蒲二两 乌贼鱼骨二分
上二物，捣下筛，以酒服方寸匕，日三。
《诸病源候论》说：凡是古井、古墓以及深坑、水井，大多含有毒气，不能随意进入，五月、六月间最为严重，因为此时郁积之气旺盛的缘故。如果事情确实必须进入，先投入鸡鸭毛进行测试，如果毛发旋转不下沉，说明有毒，便不可进入。
《短剧方》说：凡是五月、六月，深井中及深突深墓中都含有毒气，进入后使人感到郁闷窒息，能致人死亡，如果确实必须进入其中，应当先用鸡鸭鹅毛及杂毛投入其中，如果毛发能自然下沉到底部，则没有毒气。如果毛发倒浮向上不下沉，在四周回旋，则说明有毒气，不可进入。也可以放入活鸡、鸭、鹅、猪、狗、羊等活物在中间，如果有毒气，这些活物一会儿就会自己死亡。如果事出无奈必须进入其中，应当先用酒，或者苦酒（醋）数斗浇洒在井墓坑的边缘，停留一段时间，然后才可以进入。如果感觉吸入这种气体，感到郁闷压抑，奄奄一息，快要死去时，再取其中的水几斛，泼洒在脸上并含水饮用，又用其灌淋头部和身体，从头到脚，一会儿就能苏醒。如果其中没有水，就取其他的水。
《千金方》治疗进入井墓中毒的方子：
取其他井的水灌淋在身上，大约三个时辰左右就能救活。如果是东边的井取水给西边的井中毒者用，西边的井取水给东边的井中毒者用，南边的取水给北边的用，北边的取水给南边的用。
《葛氏方》治疗进入井及墓中，遇到毒气，气息奄奄，即将断气的方子：
用水泼洒面部，并令其含水，又让人汲取他所进入的井或墓中的水几斛来灌淋他，从头到脚，一会儿就能救活。
另一个方子：服用各种解毒药物如犀角、雄黄、麝香之类，以及豉豆汤、竹沥、升麻汤等。
《诸病源候论》说：凡是蛊毒有几种，都是变幻迷惑人的邪气。有人故意制造它，多取虫蛇之类，用容器盛放贮存，任凭它们互相吞食，最后只剩下一只存活，就命名为蛊，便能变幻迷惑人。跟随饮食，给人带来祸患，祸害他人，则制蛊的人得到吉利。所以不守规矩之徒，畜养侍奉它。
又说：面色青黄的，是蛇蛊。腹内热闷，身体经常不适，面色赤黄的，是蜥蜴蛊。腰背微满，舌上生疮，脸色忽白忽青，腹内胀满，形状像蛤蟆，是蛤蟆蛊。颜色多青，毒成后吐出似屎壳郎，是屎壳郎蛊。
又说：氐羌毒，仍然是蛊类，在氐羌边境城池得之，所以称为氐羌毒病，症状如同中蛊，心腹刺痛。
又说：有野道，是无主的蛊，畜养蛊害人，死后无处安身，依附于田野道路之间，侵犯伤害人，所以称为野道。
又说：想知道是否是蛊，应当让病人吐唾沫入水中，沉下去的是蛊，浮起来的不属于蛊。
又说：含服大豆，如果是蛊，豆皮会脱落；如果不是蛊，不会腐烂脱落。
《葛氏方》说：想知道制蛊主人姓名的方子：
取鼓皮，稍微烧成粉末，让病人服用，病人一会儿自然会呼喊出制蛊主人的姓名，可以告诉病人让他喊出来驱除，驱除后病就好了。（现在按语：《极要方》是用饮水。）
另一个方子：荷叶，紧密地贴在病人卧席下面，也会立即呼喊出制蛊主人的姓名。
又说：治疗饮食中蛊毒，使人腹内坚硬疼痛，面目青黄，消瘦露骨，面色变化无常的方子：
雄黄、丹砂、藜芦各一两，捣碎过筛，早晨用井花水送服一刀圭的量，应当吐出蛊毒。（现在按语：《集验方》说：三药各一份，有蛊应当吐出；如果不吐，就不是蛊。）
又说：如果蛊已经侵蚀下部，肛门烂尽肠穿出的方子：
用猪胆汁淋入其中，用棉絮浸染后塞入。
又说：治疗中蛊吐血，或下血都像烂肝一样的方子：
盐一升，纯苦酒（醋）一升，混合一次服用，立刻排出，随即痊愈。
另一个方子：茜草根、荷根各三两，切碎，用水四升，煮取二升，去掉渣滓，一次性服用即愈。并且自然会呼喊出制蛊主人的姓名，茜草就是染色用的红茜草。
《短剧方》治疗蛊的方子：
举树皮宽五寸，长一尺，芦薇根五寸，像人脚趾那样大。共两味药切碎，用水一升，清酒三升，煮取一升，一次性服用，应当排出蛊虫。
另一个方子：土瓜根，大如拇指，长三寸，切碎，用酒半升，浸泡一夜，去掉渣滓，一次服用。
《集验方》治疗下部如果被蛊侵蚀，从后孔看到肠子的方子：
背部青色长身的蛤蟆、乌鸡骨各烧成屑，分量相等，混合后吹入下部孔中，效果很好。
又说：治疗突然中蛊，下血像鸡肝一样，昼夜流失一石多的血，五脏都损坏，只有心脏未毁，或者鼻子破裂等待死亡的方子：桔梗，捣碎，过筛，用酒送服方寸匕的量，每天三次。
另一个方子：隐忍根，捣取汁液二升，分三次服用。这是桔梗的苗。
《千金方》治疗蛊的方子：
槲树北面阴处的皮，去掉粗皮，长约一寸，用水三升，煮取一升，空腹服用，蛊虫会排出。
另一个方子：荷叶灰，用水送服方寸匕。
《医门方》治疗蛊毒的方子：
取巴豆一枚，去掉心，豉三粒，锅底黑灰一方寸匕，混合捣碎，分成丸剂服用，吐出虫子，服用效果很好。
另一个方子：荷叶煮汁饮用，干湿根都可以使用，用量不限。
《极要方》治疗蛊毒的方子：
水煮独行根一两至二两，取汁服用，吐出蛊毒。
《救急单验方》治疗蛊毒的方子：
捣碎药子三枚，服用后立即见效。
《徐伯方》治疗蛊的方子：
取茜草，生捣绞取汁液，每天可服用二、三升，还可以常取汁液，做饭及煮粥时使用。
The *Bing Yuan Lun* (Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Diseases) states: Ancient wells, tombs, deep pits, and wells often contain toxic gases and should not be entered casually. This is most severe during the fifth and sixth months due to the accumulation of stagnant qi. If entry is absolutely necessary, first test with chicken or duck feathers; if the feathers spin and do not sink, it indicates toxicity, and one must not enter.
The *Duan Ju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) states: During the fifth and sixth months, deep wells and deep tombs contain toxic gases that cause suffocation and can be fatal. If entry is mandatory, throw chicken, duck, goose, or mixed feathers into the well or tomb. If the feathers sink naturally to the bottom, there is no toxic gas. If the feathers float upward, spin around the edges, and do not sink, toxic gas is present, and entry is prohibited. Alternatively, place live animals such as chickens, ducks, geese, pigs, dogs, or sheep in the center. If toxic gas is present, the animals will die shortly. If entry is unavoidable, pour several dou of wine or ku jiu (fermented vinegar) around the edge of the pit or tomb, wait for a while, and then enter. If one feels the effects of this gas, experiencing oppression, lethargy, and near-death symptoms, retrieve several hu of water from inside, splash it on the face, hold it in the mouth to drink, and pour it over the head and body from top to toe. The person will revive shortly. If there is no water inside, use water from elsewhere.
The *Qian Jin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) provides a formula for treating poisoning from entering wells or tombs:
Pour water from another well onto the body; revival occurs within approximately three chen (six hours). Water from an eastern well may be used for someone poisoned by a western well, and vice versa; similarly for north and south.
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Formulas by Master Ge) provides a formula for treating sudden death-like symptoms caused by toxic gases in wells or tombs:
Splash water on the face and have the patient hold water in their mouth. Draw several hu of water from the well or tomb where the incident occurred and pour it over the patient from head to toe; revival occurs shortly.
Another formula: Administer decoctions of various detoxifying herbs such as Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn), Xiong Huang (Realgar), She Xiang (Musk), Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean), Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap), and Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma).
The *Bing Yuan Lun* states: Gu poison (Gu Toxin) comes in several types, all being transformative and bewitching evil qi. Humans intentionally create it by placing insects and snakes in a container, allowing them to devour each other until only one survives; this survivor is named "Gu" and possesses the power to bewitch. It follows food and drink, bringing disaster to others while benefiting the creator. Thus, unruly individuals rear and serve it.
It further states: A bluish-yellow complexion indicates Snake Gu. Heat and oppression in the abdomen with chronic bodily discomfort indicate Lizard Gu. Slight fullness in the waist and back, sores on the tongue, alternating white and blue complexions, and abdominal distension resembling a toad indicate Toad Gu. A predominantly blue complexion with expulsion of toxin resembling a dung beetle indicates Dung Beetle Gu.
It also states: There is Flying Gu, which appears without warning, gradually manifesting like ghostly qi.
It states: Di-Qiang poison is a type of Gu acquired in the Di-Qiang border regions, hence called Di-Qiang Poison Disease. Its symptoms resemble Gu poisoning, with stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen.
It states: Ye Dao (Wild Path) refers to ownerless Gu that haunts people after the creator's death, lingering in fields and roads, harming those who encounter it.
To determine if a condition is caused by Gu, have the patient spit into water. If the saliva sinks, it is Gu; if it floats, it is not.
Have the patient chew a soybean. If it is Gu, the bean skin will peel off; if not, it will not rot or peel.
The *Ge Shi Fang* provides a method to identify the name of the Gu master:
Burn drum skin into fine powder and administer it to the patient. The patient will soon call out the name of the Gu master. Instruct the patient to shout the name to drive it away; upon removal, the illness cures. (Note: *Ji Yao Fang* uses water for drinking.)
Another formula: Place lotus leaves tightly under the patient's sleeping mat; the patient will immediately call out the Gu master's name.
For treating Gu poison ingested through food and drink, causing hard abdominal pain, bluish-yellow complexion, emaciation, and variable facial colors:
Use Xiong Huang (Realgar), Dan Sha (Cinnabar), and Li Lu (Veratrum) each in 1 liang. Pound and sieve. Take 1 dao gui with well water in the morning. One should vomit up the Gu poison. (Note: *Ji Yan Fang* states: Use equal parts of the three herbs; if Gu is present, vomiting will occur; if not, it is not Gu.)
If Gu has eroded the lower body, causing anal destruction and intestinal prolapse:
Apply pig bile internally and pack with cotton soaked in it.
For treating hematemesis or hematochezia resembling rotten liver due to Gu poisoning:
Mix 1 sheng of salt with 1 sheng of pure ku jiu (vinegar). Take once; discharge occurs immediately, and cure follows.
Another formula: Use Qian Cao Gen (Rubiae Radix) and He Gen (Nelumbinis Rhizoma) each in 3 liang. Cut into pieces, decoct in 4 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng. Strain and take at once for cure. The patient will spontaneously call out the Gu master's name. Qian Cao is the red dye plant Rubia cordifolia.
The *Duan Ju Fang* provides a formula for Gu:
Cut Ju Pi (Quercus variabilis bark) 5 cun wide and 1 chi long, and Lu Wei Gen (likely a root herb) 5 cun long, sized like a human toe. Decoct these two ingredients in 1 sheng of water and 3 sheng of clear wine to obtain 1 sheng. Take at once to expel Gu worms.
Another formula: Use Tu Gua Gen (Trichosanthes kirilowii root), large as a thumb and 3 cun long. Cut into pieces, soak in half a sheng of wine overnight, strain, and take at once.
The *Ji Yan Fang* treats Gu erosion of the lower body with visible intestinal prolapse from the anus:
Roast the green-backed long-bodied toad and black chicken bone into ash. Mix equal parts and insufflate into the anal opening. This is highly effective.
For sudden Gu poisoning with hematochezia resembling chicken liver, losing more than a shi of blood day and night, damaging four zang organs while the heart remains intact, or nasal rupture awaiting death:
Pound Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), sieve, and take 1 fang cun bi with wine, three times daily.
Another formula: Yin Ren Gen (likely Cimicifugae Rhizoma sprout), pound to extract 2 sheng of juice. Divide into three doses. This is the sprout of Jie Geng.
The *Qian Jin Fang* provides a formula for Gu:
Take Qu Pi (Quercus variabilis bark) from the shady north side, remove coarse skin, cut to 1 cun length. Decoct in 3 sheng of water to obtain 1 sheng. Take on an empty stomach to expel Gu worms.
Another formula: He Ye Hui (Lotus Leaf Ash), take 1 fang cun bi with water.
The *Yi Men Fang* provides a formula for Gu poison:
Take 1 Ba Dou (Crotonis Fructus), remove the core, add 3 Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean), and 1 fang cun bi of Fu Di Hei (soot from the pot bottom). Pound together, form pills, and take. Vomiting of worms occurs; this is very effective.
Another formula: Decoct He Ye (Lotus Leaf) and drink the juice. Fresh or dried roots can be used in any quantity.
The *Ji Yao Fang* treats Gu poison:
Decoct Du Xing Gen (likely a specific root) 1-2 liang, extract juice, and take to vomit out Gu poison.
The *Jiu Ji Dan Yan Fang* treats Gu poison:
Pound 3 Yao Zi (Medicinal seeds/fruits) and take for immediate effect.
The *Xu Bo Fang* treats Gu:
Take Qian Cao (Rubiae Radix), crush fresh, squeeze juice. Drink 2-3 sheng daily. Juice can also be added to meals and congee.
The *Seng Shen Fang* treats sudden urgent Gu poisoning with violent vomiting:
Crush fresh Suo Zhuo Ming Gen Jing (root/stem), squeeze to obtain 1 sheng of juice. Take at once. Repeat no more than twice; this is miraculous.
The *Fan Wang Fang* treats Gu:
Shi Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) 2 liang, Hai Piao Xiao (Sepiae Endoconcha) 2 fen.
Pound and sieve the above two ingredients. Take 1 fang cun bi with wine, three times daily.