《病源论》云∶肠胃虚弱，受于寒气，肠胃虚则泄，故为冷利也。凡利色青白黑皆为冷
也，
《千金方》驻车丸，主大冷洞利，肠滑下赤白如鱼脑，日夜无节度腹痛方∶
黄连（六两） 干姜（二两） 当归（三两） 阿胶（三两）
四味，以大酢五合，烊胶，和之，并手丸如大豆服之，大人服三十丸，小儿百日以还，
三丸，
《葛氏方》下色白食不消者，为寒下，方∶干姜、赤石脂分等末，以白饮和丸如梧子，
日服
又方∶酸石榴皮烧末，服方寸匕。
又方∶生姜汁二升，蜜合煎取二升，顿服。
又方∶豉一升，薤白一把，水三升，煮取二升，及热顿服之，有大枣肉七枚良。
又云∶有止患冷者，淳下白如鼻涕，治之方∶龙骨、干姜、附子分等捣蜜丸，服如梧子
五丸
《范汪方》治寒冷下利方∶
干姜（四两） 人参（三两） 桔梗（四两） 附子（四枚，炮） 半夏（三两，洗）
凡五物，下筛和丸，平旦服五丸如梧子，日再，渐加，勿热食。
又云∶四顺汤治逆顺寒冷冻饮料食不调下利方∶
甘草（三两） 人参（二两） 当归（二两） 附子（一两） 干姜（三两）
凡五物，水七升，煮取二升半，分三服。（今按∶《僧深方》加龙骨二两。）
又云∶四逆汤治下利清谷，身反恶寒，手足逆冷，此为四逆，四逆汤主之，相视病患与
方相
甘草（二两） 附子（一枚） 干姜（一两半）
凡三物，以水三升，煮取一升二合，分二服。
《短剧方》黄连汤，治春月暴热解脱饮冷，或眠湿地，中冷腹痛，下青黄汁，疲极欲死
方∶
黄连（四两） 当归（三两） 干姜（三两） 浓朴（二两）
凡四物，切，以水七升，煮取三升，分三服。（今按∶《经心方》无浓朴，有石榴皮。）
《私迹方》温中汤，治寒下饭臭出方∶
甘草（一两，炙） 干姜（半两） 蜀椒（八十枚，去闭者） 附子（一枚）
凡四物，以水二升，煮取一升，分再服，若呕，纳橘皮半两，老少者皆取服良。
《广济方》疗冷痢青白色、腹内常鸣，行数疏出即大多，调中散方∶
龙骨（一两） 人参（一两） 黄连（一两） 阿胶（一两） 黄柏（一两）
捣筛为散，煮米饮服。忌猪、鱼、蒜、炙肉、粘食等。
《集验方》治久新寒冷下利，腹内不安，食辄注下，令人生肉乌梅丸方∶
乌梅（三百六十枚，去核，熬令可捣） 附子（四两，炮） 黄连（十二两） 干姜（四
两）
凡四物，捣，下筛蜜丸，饮服如梧子十丸，日再，补方。
《诸病源候论》说：肠胃虚弱，受到寒气侵袭，肠胃虚弱就会腹泻，所以称为冷利（因寒邪引起的腹泻）。凡是腹泻颜色呈青、白、黑三种颜色的，都属于冷利。
《千金方》中的驻车丸，主治严重的寒冷洞泻（指腹泻急迫如水注），肠道滑脱，排出赤白相间的粪便如同鱼脑，日夜无节制，伴有腹痛的方剂：
黄连（六两） 干姜（二两） 当归（三两） 阿胶（三两）
以上四味药，用五合陈醋，将阿胶烊化（加热熔化），混合均匀，用手搓成如大豆大小的药丸服用。成人每次服三十丸，百日以上的婴儿每次服三丸。
《葛氏方》中治疗大便色白、食物不消化的，属于寒性腹泻，方剂：干姜、赤石脂等分研末，用米汤调和，制成如梧桐子大小的药丸，每日服用。
又一方：酸石榴皮烧成炭后研末，服用一方寸匕（古代量器名，约等于现代的一平勺）。
又一方：生姜汁二升，蜂蜜二升，共同煎煮浓缩至二升，一次性服完。
又一方：豆豉一升，薤白一把，加水三升，煮取二升药液，趁热一次性服下，加入七枚大枣肉效果更好。
又说：有停止发作的冷利患者，纯白色腹泻状如鼻涕，治疗此症的方剂：龙骨、干姜、附子等分捣碎，用蜂蜜制成丸药，服用如梧桐子大小的五丸。
《范汪方》治疗寒冷下利的方剂：
干姜（四两） 人参（三两） 桔梗（四两） 附子（四枚，炮制过） 半夏（三两，洗净）
以上五味药，筛成细粉混合制成丸药，清晨空腹服用五丸如梧桐子大小，每日两次，逐渐增加剂量，服药期间不要吃热食。
又说：四顺汤治疗因逆乱之气导致的寒冷冻饮饮食不调引起的下利方剂：
甘草（三两） 人参（二两） 当归（二两） 附子（一两） 干姜（三两）
以上五味药，用水七升，煮取二升半药液，分三次服用。（今按：《僧深方》在此方基础上加龙骨二两。）
又说：四逆汤治疗下利清谷（拉出未消化的食物），身体反而恶寒，手足逆冷，这称为四逆证，由四逆汤主治，需观察病患情况与方剂相适应：
甘草（二两） 附子（一枚） 干姜（一两半）
以上三味药，用水三升，煮取一升二合药液，分两次服用。
《短剧方》中的黄连汤，治疗春季突然受热后贪凉饮冷，或睡在潮湿地方，导致中焦受寒腹痛，排出青黄色汁液，疲惫至极欲死的方剂：
黄连（四两） 当归（三两） 干姜（三两） 厚朴（二两）
以上四味药，切碎，用水七升，煮取三升药液，分三次服用。（今按：《经心方》中没有厚朴，而是加了石榴皮。）
《私迹方》中的温中汤，治疗寒性腹泻且饭菜气味从口中呕出的方剂：
甘草（一两，炙烤过） 干姜（半两） 蜀椒（八十枚，去掉闭合不饱满的） 附子（一枚）
以上四味药，用水二升，煮取一升药液，分两次服用。如果呕吐，加入半两橘皮，老人和小孩都适合服用，效果良好。
《广济方》治疗冷痢（寒性痢疾）颜色青白、腹内常鸣响，排便次数多且量大，调中散方剂：
龙骨（一两） 人参（一两） 黄连（一两） 阿胶（一两） 黄柏（一两）
捣碎筛成散剂，用米汤送服。忌食猪肉、鱼肉、大蒜、烤肉、粘性食物等。
《集验方》治疗新旧久治不愈的寒冷下利，腹内不安，进食后立即腹泻，使人消瘦的肉乌梅丸方剂：
乌梅（三百六十枚，去核，熬制到可以捣碎的程度） 附子（四两，炮制过） 黄连（十二两） 干姜（四两）
以上四味药，捣碎，筛成细粉，用蜂蜜制成丸药，用温水送服如梧桐子大小的十丸，每日两次，此为补益方剂。
According to *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases): When the intestines and stomach are weak and receive cold pathogenic factors, the weakness of the intestines and stomach leads to diarrhea; thus, it is called Leng Li (Cold Diarrhea). Any diarrhea with stool colors appearing green, white, or black belongs to Cold Diarrhea.
The Zhuche Wan (Stop Dysentery Pill) from *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) treats severe cold flooding diarrhea (diarrhea urgent like flowing water), intestinal slippage, passage of red and white discharge resembling fish brains, uncontrolled frequency day and night, accompanied by abdominal pain. The formula consists of: Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, six liang), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, two liang), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, three liang), and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, three liang). These four ingredients are mixed with five he of aged vinegar, melting the gelatin, and kneaded into pills the size of soybeans. Adults take thirty pills per dose; infants over one hundred days old take three pills.
In *Ge Shi Fang*, for white-colored stools and undigested food indicating cold diarrhea, the formula includes equal parts of Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Chishizhi (Kaolinite), powdered and formed into pills the size of sophora seeds using rice water, taken daily.
Another prescription: Powdered bark of sour pomegranate (Shi Liu Pi), taken as one cun bi (a traditional measuring spoon).
Another prescription: Two sheng of fresh ginger juice (Sheng Jiang Zhi) combined with two sheng of honey, boiled down to two sheng, taken in one dose.
Another prescription: One sheng of fermented soybean (Chi Dou), one handful of scallion white (Xie Bai), boiled in three sheng of water to yield two sheng, taken hot in one dose. Adding seven dates (Da Zao) is beneficial.
It is also stated that for patients whose cold diarrhea has ceased but presents with pure white discharge resembling mucus, the treatment formula includes Longgu (Fossilized Mammoth Bones), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma), and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) in equal parts, pounded and made into honey pills. Take five pills the size of sophora seeds.
Fan Wang Fang provides a formula for treating cold diarrhea:
Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, four liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, three liang), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, four liang), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, four pieces, processed), and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, three liang, washed).
These five substances are sifted into powder, formed into pills the size of sophora seeds, taken at dawn, five pills per dose, twice daily, gradually increasing the dose. Avoid hot food during treatment.
It is also stated that Sishun Tang (Four-Obedience Decoction) treats diarrhea caused by dietary irregularities and consumption of cold drinks/food due to reversed qi flow. The formula consists of: Gancao (Licorice Root, three liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, two liang), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, two liang), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, one liang), and Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, three liang).
These five substances are boiled in seven sheng of water to yield two and a half sheng, divided into three doses. (Note: *Seng Shen Fang* adds Longgu [Fossilized Mammoth Bones], two liang.)
It is also stated that Si Ni Tang (Reversal of Yin Decoction) treats diarrhea with undigested food, general aversion to cold, and cold extremities reaching up to the elbows and knees, known as Si Ni syndrome (Four Reversals Syndrome). This is treated with Si Ni Tang, adjusted according to the patient's condition:
Gancao (Licorice Root, two liang), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, one piece), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, one and a half liang).
These three substances are boiled in three sheng of water to yield one and two tenths of a sheng, divided into two doses.
Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) from *Duan Ju Fang* treats acute heat in spring followed by excessive cold drink consumption or sleeping on damp ground, leading to middle-jiao cold, abdominal pain, passage of yellow-green fluid, and extreme exhaustion. The formula consists of: Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, four liang), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, three liang), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, three liang), and Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Bark, two liang).
These four substances are cut, boiled in seven sheng of water to yield three sheng, divided into three doses. (Note: *Jing Xin Fang* omits Houpo [Magnoliae Officinalis Bark] and adds Shi Liu Pi [Punica Granatum Pericarpium].)
Wen Zhong Tang (Warm the Middle Decoction) from *Si Ji Fang* treats cold diarrhea with foul-smelling regurgitation of food. The formula consists of: Gancao (Licorice Root, one liang, roasted), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, half liang), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper Fruit, eighty grains, removing closed/unfilled ones), and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, one piece).
These four substances are boiled in two sheng of water to yield one sheng, divided into two doses. If vomiting occurs, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) half liang. Suitable for both elderly and young patients.
Liao Leng Li Qing Bai San (Powder for Treating Cold Dysentery with Green-White Stools) from *Guang Ji Fang* treats cold dysentery with green-white stools, frequent abdominal borborygmi, frequent large-volume bowel movements, and regulates the middle jiao. The formula consists of: Longgu (Fossilized Mammoth Bones, one liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, one liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, one liang), Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, one liang), and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, one liang).
Pounded and sifted into powder, taken with rice water decoction. Avoid pork, fish, garlic, roasted meat, and sticky foods.
Wu Mei Wan (Mume Pill) from *Ji Yan Fang* treats chronic or acute cold diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, immediate postprandial diarrhea, and emaciation. It is a nourishing formula. The ingredients are: Wu Mei (Mume Fructus, 360 fruits, pits removed, roasted until crushable), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, four liang, processed), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, twelve liang), and Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma, four liang).
These four substances are pounded, sifted into powder, and formed into honey pills. Take ten pills the size of sophora seeds with warm water, twice daily. This is a tonic formula.