《病源论》云∶山内水间，有沙虱，其虫甚细，不可见人，入水浴及汲水澡浴，此虫着
身，阴雨日行草间，亦着人。便钻入皮里。初得之，皮上正赤，如小豆黍，以手摩赤上，痛
如刺，过三日之后，令百节强，疼痛寒热，赤上发疮。此虫渐入至骨，则杀人。人在山涧洗
浴竟，巾拭如芒毛针刺，熟见，以竹簪挑拂去之。已深者用针挑取虫子，正如疥虫，挑不得，
灸上三、四壮，则虫死云云。
《抱朴子》云∶有沙虱水陆皆有，其新雨后及晨暮践涉必着人。唯日烈草燥时，瘥耳。
其大如毛发之端，初着人便入皮里，其所在，如有芒刺之状，小犯大痛，可以针挑取之，正
赤如丹，着爪上行动也。若不即挑之，此虫钻至骨，便周行走人身中。其病与射工相似，皆
杀人。人行有此虫之地，每还所住，辄当以火自灸疗，令遍身，则此虫堕地去也。若带入物
麝香丸，玉壶丸，犀角丸等，兼避沙虱，短狐也。若猝不得此药者，但可带好生麝香亦佳。
以雄黄、大蒜分等，合捣，带一丸如鸡子者亦善。又可以此药涂疮，亦愈。又 咀赤苋根饮
之，亦愈。
《葛氏方》治沙虱毒方∶
以大蒜十斤，着热灰中，温之令热，断蒜及热以注疮上，尽十斤，复以艾丸灸疮上七壮。
又方∶斑蝥二枚，熬一枚，末服之，烧一枚令尽烟，末以着疮中，立愈。
又方∶山行宜竹管盛盐，数视体足，见，以盐涂之。
《极要方》治沙虱毒方∶
以麝香、大蒜，和捣，以羊脂和，着以筒中带之，大良。
《苏敬本草注》云∶煮葱茎，浸或捣，敷贴，大效。
《诸病源候论》记载：在山林水边，有沙虱这种虫子，体型极细小，肉眼难以看见。人在水中沐浴或打水洗澡时，此虫会附着在身上；阴雨天在草丛间行走，也会沾上它。随后它会钻入皮肤内。刚感染时，皮肤上出现正红色的斑点，像小豆或黍米大小，用手抚摸红色部位，疼痛如针刺一般。过了三天之后，会导致全身关节僵硬、疼痛，伴有寒热症状，红色部位会化脓生疮。如果此虫逐渐深入至骨骼，就会致人死亡。人在山涧洗完澡后，用毛巾擦拭身体时，若感到像芒毛针刺般的刺痛，仔细查看，可用竹签挑出并拂去。如果虫已钻得较深，需用针挑取虫子，就像治疗疥虫一样；如果挑不出来，可在患处艾灸三到四壮，据说这样虫子就会死去。
《抱朴子》记载：沙虱在水陆环境中都有，新雨过后以及清晨傍晚时分，人踩踏涉水必定会被其附着。只有在烈日当空、草木干燥的时候，才不会被附着。沙虱的大小如同发梢尖端，刚附着在人身上便钻入皮内，其所在之处，感觉如有芒刺，轻微触碰便剧痛，可以用针挑取出来，颜色正红如丹砂，甚至能附着在指甲上活动。如果不立即挑出，此虫会钻至骨中，便在人体周身游走。其病症与射工相似，都会致人死亡。人经过有此虫的地方，每次回到住处，应当用火对自己进行全身艾灸治疗，使遍身受热，这样虫子就会掉落离开。如果随身携带麝香丸、玉壶丸、犀角丸等药物，可以兼防沙虱和短狐（一种传说中的毒虫）。如果突然没有这些药，只要佩戴好生的麝香也很好。将雄黄和大蒜按等量混合捣碎，制成如鸡蛋大小的药丸佩戴，效果也很好。还可以用此药涂抹疮口，也能痊愈。另外，咀嚼赤苋根并饮用其汁液，也能治愈。
《葛氏方》治疗沙虱毒的方剂：
用大蒜十斤，放入热灰中加热使其变热，切断蒜头并将热蒜敷注在疮口上，用完十斤后，再用艾炷在疮口上艾灸七壮。
另一个方剂：
斑蝥两枚，将一枚炒制后研末内服，将另一枚烧尽成烟，取其灰烬敷在疮口中，立刻痊愈。
又一个方剂：
山林行走时宜用竹管盛放盐，经常检查身体是否沾染，一旦发现，用盐涂抹患处。
According to the *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases): In mountains and near waters, there are sand mites (*shashi*), which are extremely tiny insects invisible to the naked eye. When bathing in water or drawing water for washing, these insects attach to the body; walking through grass on rainy days also leads to attachment. They then burrow into the skin. Initially, a bright red spot appears on the skin, resembling a small bean or millet grain. Rubbing the red area causes pain like a needle prick. After three days, it causes stiffness and pain in all joints, accompanied by alternating chills and fever, and the red area develops sores. If the insect gradually penetrates to the bone, it can be fatal. After bathing in mountain streams, if one feels a prickling sensation like bristles when drying with a towel, careful inspection may reveal the insect, which can be picked out and brushed away with a bamboo pin. If the insect has burrowed deep, use a needle to extract it, similar to treating scabies mites; if it cannot be extracted, apply moxibustion (three to four cones) to the affected area, which is said to kill the insect.
According to the *Baopuzi*: Sand mites exist both in water and on land. People are inevitably infested when treading or wading immediately after heavy rain or during early morning and dusk. Infestation only ceases when the sun is intense and vegetation is dry. The mite is as large as the tip of a hair. Upon attaching to a person, it burrows into the skin. The site feels like a thorn; slight contact causes severe pain, and it can be extracted with a needle. It is bright red like cinnabar and can move while attached to fingernails. If not extracted promptly, the mite burrows to the bone and wanders throughout the body. Its pathology is similar to that of the "Shexiang" (a mythical venomous creature), and both can be fatal. After passing through areas inhabited by these insects, upon returning home, one should perform full-body self-moxibustion with fire; this heat causes the insects to fall off. Carrying pills such as Shexiang Wan (Musk Pill), Yu Hu Wan (Jade Pot Pill), or Xijiao Wan (Rhinoceros Horn Pill) provides protection against sand mites and Duahu (another venomous creature). If these medicines are unavailable, wearing fresh Musk is also beneficial. Mixing realgar (*Xionghuang*) and garlic in equal parts, pounding them into a pill the size of a chicken egg, and carrying it is also effective. Applying this medicine to the sores also leads to recovery. Additionally, chewing and drinking the juice of *Amaranthus tricolor* root (*Chixian Gen*) is curative.
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Prescriptions by Master Ge) for treating sand mite toxicity:
Take ten jin (approx. 5 kg) of garlic, place it in hot ashes to warm until hot. Cut the garlic and apply the hot pieces to the sores. After using all ten jin, apply seven cones of moxibustion to the sores.
Another prescription:
Two *Mylabris* beetles (*Banmao*). Roast one, powder it, and administer orally. Burn the other until it turns to ash, powder it, and apply the ash into the sore; immediate recovery occurs.
Yet another prescription:
When traveling in mountains, carry salt in a bamboo tube. Frequently inspect the body for infestation. If found, apply salt to the affected area.
The *Ji Yao Fang* (Essential Prescriptions) for treating sand mite toxicity:
Mix musk and garlic, pound them together, blend with sheep fat, and carry the mixture in a tube. This is highly effective.
Su Jing’s commentary on the *Bencao* notes: Boil green onion stems, soak them, pound them, or prepare a decoction, and apply externally as a poultice; this yields great efficacy.