《病源论》云∶癣病之状，皮肉上隐疹如钱大，渐渐增长，或圆或斜，痒痛。有匡郭，
里生虫，搔之有汁。此由风湿邪气客于腠理，复值寒湿与血气相搏，则血气痞涩阻绝。谓之
发此病。按《九虫论》云∶蛲虫在人肠内，变化多端，发动亦能为癣，而癣内实有虫也。
《养生方》云∶夏不用屋而露面卧，露下堕面上，令面皮浓，喜成癣也。
干癣，但有匡郭，皮枯索，痒搔，搔之白屑出是也。皆是风湿邪气客于腠理，复值寒湿
为血气相搏所生。若其风毒瓦斯多，湿气少，故风沉入深，故无汁，为干癣也。其里亦生虫。
湿癣亦有匡郭也，如虫行，浸淫，亦湿痒，搔之多汁成疮。是其风毒瓦斯浅，湿多风少，
故为湿癣也。其里亦生虫之。
风癣是恶风冷气客在皮，折于血所生。亦作圆纹匡郭，但抓搔顽痹，不知痛痒是也，其
里亦生虫。
白癣之状，白色淀淀然而痒。此亦是腠理虚受风，风与气并，血涩而不能荣肌肉故也。
牛癣，俗云以盆器盛水饮牛，用其余水洗手面，即生癣，名为牛癣。其状皮浓，抓之靳
强而痒是也。其里亦生虫。
圆癣之状，作圆纹隐起，四畔赤，亦痒痛是也。其里亦生虫。
狗癣，俗云狗舐之水，用洗手面即生癣。其状瘢微。白点缀相连，亦微痒是也。其里亦
生虫。
雀眼癣，亦是风湿所化。其纹细似雀眼，故谓之雀眼癣，搔之亦痒。其里亦生虫。
刀癣，俗云以磨刀水，用洗手面而生癣，名为刀癣。其状无匡郭，纵斜无定是也。其里
亦生虫。
《葛氏方》治癣疮方∶
以好苦酒于石上磨桂，以涂之。
又方∶苦酒磨柿根涂之。
又方∶干蟾蜍烧末，以膏和，涂之立愈。
又方∶ 蓼叶涂之。
又云∶治湿癣方∶
刮疮上，火炙麋脂涂之。末蛇床子，猪膏和，敷之。
又方∶取 母草以刮癣上，取瘥止。
又云∶治燥癣方∶
水银和胡粉涂之。
又方∶雄鸡冠血涂之。
又方∶熬胡粉令黄赤色，苦酒和如泥，敷上，以纸贴之，干更涂之。
又方∶捣桃白皮，苦酒和，涂，瘥。
又方∶以 树汁涂之。
《千金方》治癣秘方∶
捣羊蹄根，分着罂中，以白蜜和之，先刮疮边伤，先以蜜和敷之，若炊一石米顷拭去，
更以三年大酢和，以敷癣上，燥便瘥。若刮疮少许处，不伤，即不瘥。
又云∶凡癣积年不瘥，随有之处，皆用得愈方∶
取自死蛇，烧作灰，腊月猪脂和涂，即愈。
《范汪方》∶治癣湿方∶
取羊蹄根，细锉数升，以桑薪灰汁煮四、五沸，绞去滓，以汁洗疮。
《僧深方》治癣方∶
末雄黄，酢和，先以布拭疮，令伤，以药涂上，神效不传。
又方∶附子一枚，皂荚一枚，九月九日茱萸四合。
上三物，下筛为散，搔癣上令周遍汁出以散敷之。若干癣，以苦酒和散，以涂其上，神
良，秘方。
又云∶治癣积年不愈方∶
取鲶，炙而食之，勿食盐、酢。三过三食便愈，当时乃当小盛，此欲愈也。
又云∶治蜗癣浸淫日长，痒痛，搔之黄汁出，瘥复发方∶
日未出时，北向取羊蹄根，勿令妇人、小儿见，洗去土，切捣，淳苦酒和洗疮，去痂以
敷上一时，间以冷水洗之，日一敷。又可取根揩之，神良。日未出取者，不欲歇加根上。
《极要方》疗湿癣方∶
上，以日未出时。采取羊蹄根，其根须独，并不得有杈枝，不得令见风。切捣为末，和
羊酪，着少盐，于日中曝雨食久，以涂癣上。
又方∶取椿叶面着癣上，是匙背打，使极碎，即裹之，勿令叶落，无不瘥者。
又云∶疗干癣积年痂浓，搔之黄水出，逢阴雨即痒方∶
上，取巴豆肥者一枚，于炭火上烧之，令脂出，即于斧上，以指研之，如杏子涂癣上。
薄涂不过一两度便愈。
又方∶作艾炷以灸之，随灸随瘥。
又方∶捣马齿汁，揩之，洗之，效。
《博济安众方》∶一切 癣、恶疮、小儿头疮方∶
以水银、白矾石、蛇床子、黄连，和猪脂敷之。
《苏敬本草注》∶东壁土摩之，干湿兼治也。
《陶景本草注》云∶艾叶、苦酒煎涂之。
《本草经》云∶捣酢浆草敷之，杀诸小虫，又治恶疮也。
《广利方》∶疗诸癣疮，或湿痛，痒不可忍方∶
以醋磨石留黄，涂上。
又方∶苦楝皮，烧作灰，和猪脂涂上。
《诸病源候论》记载：癣病的症状，表现为皮肤肌肉上出现像铜钱大小的隐伏皮疹，逐渐扩大，形状或圆或斜，伴有瘙痒和疼痛。病灶边缘清晰（匡郭），内部生有虫邪，搔抓后有渗出液。这是由于风湿邪气侵入腠理（皮肤纹理及皮下组织间隙），又恰逢寒湿之气与血气相互搏结，导致血气痞塞、涩滞、阻绝不通而引发的疾病。按照《九虫论》的说法：蛲虫存在于人的肠道内，变化多端，发作时也能导致癣病，因此癣病内部确实存在虫邪。《养生方》记载：夏天不在屋内而在露天睡觉，露水滴落在脸上，会使面部皮肤增厚，容易形成癣病。
干癣的特点是，只有清晰的边缘，皮肤干枯粗糙，瘙痒难忍，搔抓后会有白色皮屑脱落。这都是因为风湿邪气侵入腠理，又遇寒湿与血气相搏而产生的。如果风毒之气较多，湿气较少，风气深沉潜入体内深处，所以没有渗出液，称为干癣。其内部也生有虫邪。
湿癣也有清晰的边缘，感觉像虫子在皮肤下爬行，病变范围逐渐浸润扩大，也是潮湿且瘙痒，搔抓后多有渗出液并形成疮疡。这是因为风毒之气较浅，湿气重而风邪少，所以称为湿癣。其内部也生有虫邪。
风癣是由于恶风冷气客居于皮肤，阻滞血液运行而生成的。也呈现出圆形纹路和边缘，但特点是抓搔时皮肤顽固麻木，不知痛痒，其内部也生有虫邪。
白癣的症状，呈现白色沉淀状且瘙痒。这也是因为腠理虚弱受风邪侵袭，风邪与气机并合，血行涩滞不能濡养肌肉所致。
牛癣，民间说法是用盛水饮牛的盆器中剩下的水洗手洗脸，就会生出癣病，名为牛癣。其症状是皮肤增厚，抓挠时紧绷强硬且瘙痒，其内部也生有虫邪。
圆癣的症状，呈现出圆形隆起的纹路，四周发红，也伴有瘙痒和疼痛，其内部也生有虫邪。
狗癣，民间说法是被狗舔过的水，用来洗手洗脸就会生出癣病。其症状是瘢痕轻微，白色斑点点缀相连，也略微瘙痒，其内部也生有虫邪。
雀眼癣，也是由风湿转化而成。其纹路细密类似麻雀的眼睛，所以称为雀眼癣，搔抓时也会瘙痒，其内部也生有虫邪。
刀癣，民间说法是用磨刀的水洗手洗脸而生出的癣病，名为刀癣。其症状是没有清晰的边缘，纵横倾斜没有固定形态，其内部也生有虫邪。
《葛氏方》治疗癣疮的方剂：
用好苦酒（醋）在石头上研磨桂枝，涂抹患处。
又说：治疗湿癣的方子：
刮破疮面，用火烤炙麋鹿脂肪涂抹。将蛇床子研末，用猪脂调和，敷于患处。
又一个方子：熬制胡粉至黄红色，用苦酒调和成泥状，敷在患处，贴上纸张，干了再涂。
《千金方》治疗癣病的秘方：
捣碎羊蹄根，分装放入罐中，用白蜜调和。先刮破疮边使其受伤，先用蜜调和敷上，大约煮一石米的时间后拭去，再用陈年醋调和，敷在癣上，干燥后即可痊愈。如果刮疮时稍微用力不伤及皮肤，就不能痊愈。
又说：凡是多年不愈的癣病，无论长在何处，都有能治愈的方子：
取死蛇，烧成灰，用腊月收集的猪脂调和涂抹，即可痊愈。
《范汪方》：治疗湿癣的方子：
取羊蹄根，细细切碎数升，用桑木柴灰汁煮四、五沸，绞去渣滓，用汁液清洗疮面。
《僧深方》治疗癣病的方子：
将雄黄研末，用醋调和。先用布擦拭疮面使其受损，再将药涂上，效果神奇且不外传。
又一个方子：附子一枚，皂荚一枚，九月九日采集的茱萸四合。
以上三味药，筛成散剂。搔抓癣处使其流出汁液，然后用散剂敷上。如果是干癣，用苦酒调和散剂涂抹，效果极佳，是秘方。
又说：治疗多年不愈的癣病方子：
取鲶鱼，烤熟食用，不要吃盐、醋。三次进食后即痊愈，当时可能会暂时加重，这是即将痊愈的反应。
又说：治疗蜗癣（一种癣病名）浸润扩展、日渐增大，瘙痒疼痛，搔抓后流出黄色汁液，痊愈后又复发方子：
太阳未出时，面向北方采集羊蹄根，不要让妇女、小孩看见，洗去泥土，切碎捣烂，用纯苦酒调和清洗疮面，去掉痂皮后敷上一段时间，中间用冷水清洗，每天敷一次。也可以取根部擦拭，效果极佳。选择日出前采集，是不想让阳光使根部失效。
《极要方》治疗湿癣方子：
以上方法，要在太阳未出时进行。采集羊蹄根，要求根部独生，不得有杈枝，不能让风吹到。切碎捣成粉末，和羊酪，加少许盐，在阳光下暴晒很久，然后涂抹在癣上。
又一个方子：取椿树叶面敷在癣上，用勺背打碎，使其极细，然后包裹住，不让叶子掉落，没有不愈的。
又说：治疗干癣多年结痂增厚，搔抓流出黄水，遇到阴雨天就瘙痒方子：
以上方法，取肥大的巴豆一枚，在炭火上烧，使其油脂流出，然后在砧板上用手指研磨，像杏子大小涂抹在癣上。
薄涂一两遍即可痊愈。
《博济安众方》：治疗一切癣病、恶疮、小儿头疮方子：
用水银、白矾石、蛇床子、黄连，和猪脂敷涂。
《本草经》说：捣碎酢浆草敷贴，能杀灭各种小虫，又能治疗恶疮。
According to the *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases), the manifestations of tinea (xuàn bìng) include hidden rashes on the skin and flesh, roughly the size of a coin, gradually expanding in circular or oblique shapes, accompanied by itching and pain. The lesions have distinct borders (kuāng guō), harbor parasites internally, and exude fluid upon scratching. This condition arises when wind-damp pathogenic factors invade the couli (pores and interstitial spaces), and are compounded by cold-dampness clashing with blood and qi, causing obstruction and stagnation of blood and qi. As stated in the *Jiu Chong Lun* (Treatise on Nine Parasites), pinworms reside in the intestines and can induce tinea upon activation; thus, parasites are indeed present within tinea lesions. The *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) notes that sleeping outdoors in summer exposes the face to dew, thickening the facial skin and predisposing one to tinea.
Dry tinea is characterized by distinct borders, dry and rough skin, intense itching, and the shedding of white scales upon scratching. It results from wind-damp pathogens invading the couli and clashing with blood and qi under cold-damp conditions. When wind-toxicity predominates over dampness, the wind penetrates deeply, resulting in no exudate, hence termed "dry tinea." Parasites are also present internally.
Wet tinea also presents with distinct borders, a sensation resembling insects crawling beneath the skin, progressive spreading, moisture, and itching. Scratching yields copious exudate and ulceration. This occurs because wind-toxicity is shallow while dampness is heavy and wind is light, hence termed "wet tinea." Parasites are also present internally.
Wind tinea arises from chilling winds lodging in the skin and obstructing blood flow. It manifests as circular patterns with borders but is characterized by stubborn numbness where scratching fails to elicit pain or itch sensation. Parasites are also present internally.
White tinea presents with white, sediment-like patches and itching. This results from deficiency in the couli allowing wind invasion, where wind combines with qi, causing blood stagnation and failure to nourish the muscles.
Cow tinea, according to folk belief, is caused by washing hands or face with water remaining after watering cows. Its symptoms include thickened skin, tightness, hardness, and itching upon scratching. Parasites are also present internally.
Round tinea manifests as raised circular rings with red edges, accompanied by itching and pain. Parasites are also present internally.
Dog tinea is said to be caused by washing hands or face with water licked by dogs. Symptoms include slight scarring, connected white spots, and mild itching. Parasites are also present internally.
Sparrow-eye tinea is transformed from wind-dampness. Its patterns are fine like sparrow eyes, hence the name. It itches upon scratching. Parasites are also present internally.
Knife tinea is caused by washing hands or face with water used for sharpening knives. It lacks distinct borders and has irregular, oblique shapes. Parasites are also present internally.
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Prescriptions of Master Ge) for treating tinea ulcers:
Grind Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) with good vinegar on a stone and apply.
Another prescription: Grind Persimmon Root (Shigen) with vinegar and apply.
Another prescription: Burn dried toad (Gan Chan Chu) to ash, mix with ointment base, and apply for immediate cure.
Another prescription: Apply Polygonum leaves (Liao Ye).
Regarding wet tinea:
Scrape the lesion, heat deer fat (Mi Zhi) over fire, and apply. Mix Cnidium Seed (Shechuangzi) powder with lard and apply.
Another prescription: Scrape the lesion with Chinese Yam Root (Yangti Cao) until healed.
Regarding dry tinea:
Apply Mercury (Shuiyin) mixed with Lead Carbonate (Hufen).
Another prescription: Apply rooster comb blood (Xiongji Guan Xue).
Another prescription: Calcine Lead Carbonate (Hufen) until yellow-red, mix with vinegar into a paste, apply, cover with paper, and reapply when dry.
Another prescription: Crush peach inner bark (Tao Bai Pi), mix with vinegar, and apply for cure.
Another prescription: Apply Zelkova sap (Ju Shu Zhi).
The *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) secret formula for tinea:
Crush Chinese Yam Root (Yangti Gen), place in a jar, mix with white honey. First scrape the lesion edge to cause injury, apply honey mixture. After the time it takes to steam one shi of rice, wipe off. Then mix with three-year-old strong vinegar and apply to the tinea. Dryness indicates healing. If scraping does not injure the skin, it will not heal.
Regarding chronic tinea unhealed for years, applicable anywhere:
Burn dead snakes to ash, mix with pig fat collected in the twelfth lunar month, and apply for cure.
The *Fan Wang Fang* for wet tinea:
Finely chop several sheng of Chinese Yam Root (Yangti Gen), boil in mulch wood ash lye for four to five boils, strain, and wash the lesion with the juice.
The *Seng Shen Fang* for tinea:
Powder Realgar (Xionghuang), mix with vinegar. Wipe lesion with cloth to cause injury, then apply medicine. Highly effective but not widely transmitted.
Another prescription: One Aconite Root (Fuzi), one Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit (Zao Jia), four he of Cornus officinalis fruit (Zhuyu) harvested on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.
Sieve these three ingredients into powder. Scratch the tinea until fluid exudes, then apply powder. For dry tinea, mix powder with vinegar and apply. Excellent efficacy, a secret formula.
Regarding chronic tinea unhealed for years:
Roach catfish (Nian Yu), eat roasted, avoiding salt and vinegar. Cure after three courses of meals. Temporary worsening may occur initially, indicating impending cure.
Regarding wo tinea spreading daily, itching, pain, yellow exudate upon scratching, recurring after cure:
Before sunrise, face north to harvest Chinese Yam Root (Yangti Gen). Do not let women or children see it. Wash off soil, chop and crush. Mix with pure vinegar to wash the lesion, remove crusts, apply for a period, rinse with cold water in between. Apply once daily. Rubbing with root is also excellent. Harvesting before sunrise prevents degradation of the root.
The *Ji Yao Fang* for wet tinea:
Perform above actions before sunrise. Harvest Chinese Yam Root (Yangti Gen) with single roots, no branches, protected from wind. Chop, crush to powder, mix with yogurt (Yang Lao), add little salt, sun-dry for a long time, then apply to tinea.
Another prescription: Apply Toona sinensis leaf flour (Chun Ye Mian) to tinea, pound with spoon back until fine, wrap securely without dropping leaves. Universal cure.
Regarding chronic dry tinea with thick crusts, yellow water upon scratching, itching during rainy weather:
Take one plump Croton Seed (Ba Dou), roast on charcoal until oil exudes. Grind on an anvil with finger to almond-sized portion, apply to tinea. Thin application for one or two times suffices for cure.
Another prescription: Make moxa cones and moxibustion. Heal as you moxa.
Another prescription: Crush Purslane (Ma Chi Xian) juice, rub and wash. Effective.
The *Bo Ji An Zhong Fang* for all types of tinea, malignant sores, and pediatric scalp sores:
Mix Mercury (Shuiyin), Alum (Bai Fanshi), Cnidium Seed (Shechuangzi), and Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) with lard and apply.
Su Jing’s Commentary on Materia Medica: Rub with earth from the east wall; treats both dry and wet tinea.
Tao Hongjing’s Commentary on Materia Medica: Boil Mugwort Leaf (Ai Ye) with vinegar and apply.
Shennong Bencao Jing: Crush Oxalis corniculata (Cu Jiang Cao) and apply; kills various small insects and treats malignant sores.
The *Guang Li Fang* for various tinea ulcers, wet pain, unbearable itching:
Grind Chalcanthum (Shi Liu Huang) with vinegar and apply.
Another prescription: Burn Chinaberry Bark (Kulian Pi) to ash, mix with lard and apply.