陈延之曰∶经说∶夫病以汤药救其内，针灸营其外。夫针术须师乃行。其灸则凡人便施，
为
所
张仲景述∶夫病其脉大者不宜灸也。
凡欲灸者，当详所宜，审应灸处疏孔穴名，应灸壮数，出之以疏临图像，依注明寸数量
度灸
凡灸之腥说熟，宜视其人盛衰所在，大熟则伤衰腥，少则不能愈疾。是以宜节度随盛衰
也。
凡男女之体，同以腰上为阳，以腰下为阴也。男以背为阴，腹为阳。女以腹为阴，背为
阳。
凡灸法当先发于上，然后灸下。先发于阳，然后灸阴，则为顺也。
凡灸诸俞皆令如经也，不如经者徒病无益。灸得脓坏，风寒乃出，不坏病则不除也。
凡肾气有风冷，令人如邪鬼状，但数报灸令熟，风寒除自愈。
凡头者人神所治气之精也，病则气虚精散。夫灸头必令当病使火气足，却邪则止火也。
足而不止，则神出不得入，伤精明营卫衰损也；未足而止，则邪微有余，喜因天阴阳而发也。
四肢者，身之枝KT 也，其气系于五脏随血脉出入养四肢也，其分度浅易达也。是以灸头
精神气微，得火则冷气散。且背膂重浓，灸宜熟，务多善也。
愈皆令如经也，不如经者徒痛无益。灸得脓坏风寒乃出，不坏病则不除也。凡肾气有风
冷，
《太素经》云∶手中指本节至其末，长四寸半。注云∶从本节端至中指未合四寸半，今
人取
孙思邈曰∶凡孔穴在身此皆脏腑营卫血脉流通，表里往来各有所生，临时救难，必在审
详，
寸之
取手
又以肌肉纹理节解缝会宛臼之中，又以手按之，病者快然，如此仔细安详用心者，乃能
得之
凡经言横三间寸者，则是三灸而间。间一寸有三灸，灸有三分，三壮之处即为一寸。凡
言数
有至
百壮
直，
之，
凡灸当先阳后阴，先上后下，皆以日正午后，乃可下火。午前，平旦谷气令人癫眩，不
可针
杨玄操曰∶灸疮得脓坏，其病乃出；不坏则病不除。《甲乙·丙卷》云∶灸不发者灸
KT熨之
《苏敬香港脚论》云∶灸疮瘥后，KT 色赤者风毒尽；青黑者犹有毒瓦斯，仍灸勿止，待
身体轻利
《扁鹊针灸经》云∶凡灸因火生疮，长润，久久不瘥。变成火疽，取桃树东边皮一寸以
上煮
陈延之说：医经记载，疾病应当用汤药来救治内部，用针灸来调理外部。针刺技术必须跟随老师学习才能施行。而艾灸则普通人也可以直接施治。
凡是想要施灸的人，应当详细审查适宜的穴位，明确应灸穴位的名称、应灸的壮数，并绘制图表以说明，依据标准度量寸数。
关于艾灸火候的说法，要使艾火烧熟，应当观察患者体质的盛衰情况。如果艾火烧得太熟（火力太猛），会损伤正气；如果火力不足，则不能治愈疾病。因此，应当根据患者的盛衰情况进行节制和调节。
大凡男女的身体，都以腰部以上为阳，腰部以下为阴。男性以背部为阴，腹部为阳；女性以腹部为阴，背部为阳。
凡是施灸的方法，都应当先灸上部，然后再灸下部。先灸阳经部位，然后灸阴经部位，这就符合顺理的原则。
凡是施灸各个腧穴，都要按照经典规定进行，如果不按照经典规定，只会增加病痛而无益处。施灸后若出现化脓溃烂，风寒邪气才能排出；若不化脓溃烂，疾病就不能去除。
凡是肾气受风冷侵袭，使人出现像被邪鬼附身一样的症状，只要多次施灸使其熟透，风寒除去后自然痊愈。
凡是头部，是人体神明所治理、精气汇聚的地方，生病时会导致气虚精散。施灸头部必须让火力充足地作用于病灶，驱除邪气后就停止施灸。如果火力充足却不停止，就会导致神气外泄无法回归，损伤精明，导致营卫衰损；如果火力不足就停止，则邪气仍有残留，容易因天地阴阳变化而再次发作。
四肢，是身体的枝条，其气血系属于五脏，随着血脉出入以滋养四肢。四肢的分度较浅，容易达到。因此，施灸头部需使精神之气微弱处得火，则冷气消散。且背部脊柱肌肉厚重，施灸宜熟透，务求多施善治。
（注：此处原文有重复或错简，前文已述“愈皆令如经也...”，此处再次出现类似内容，意为：所有治疗都应遵循经典，不遵循经典只会徒增痛苦而无益。施灸化脓溃烂，风寒乃出，不溃烂则病不除。）
《太素经》说：从手中指本节到指尖，长度四寸半。注释说：从本节端点到中指末端合拢处为四寸半，现在人们取穴……
孙思邈说：凡是穴位在身体上，这些都是脏腑、营卫、血脉流通之处，表里往来各有生发之地，临时救难，必须在审慎详查之后进行。
取手部穴位……
又通过肌肉纹理、节解缝会、宛臼之中，用手按压，患者感到舒适爽快，如此仔细安详用心的人，才能掌握这些穴位。
凡是经文说“横三间寸”的，就是三次施灸中间间隔一寸。间隔一寸有三次施灸，每次施灸三分，三个壮的位置加起来就是一寸。凡是说数量……
有的多达百壮。
直……
之……
凡是施灸应当先阳后阴，先上后下，都要在正午过后，才可以下火施灸。午前，平旦时分谷气旺盛，令人癫眩，不可针刺……
杨玄操说：灸疮化脓溃烂，疾病才能排出；不溃烂则疾病不能去除。《甲乙经·丙卷》说：灸后不发疮的，可以用熨法……
《苏敬香港脚论》说：灸疮愈合后，如果颜色赤红，说明风毒已尽；如果呈青黑色，说明仍有毒瓦斯，仍应继续施灸不要停止，直到身体轻利……
Chen Yanzhi stated: Medical classics record that diseases should be treated internally with herbal decoctions and regulated externally with acupuncture and moxibustion. Acupuncture techniques must be learned from a master before practice. However, moxibustion can be performed by ordinary people directly.
Zhang Zhongjing discussed: For conditions where the pulse is large, moxibustion is not suitable.
For those intending to perform moxibustion, one must carefully examine the appropriate acupoints, clarify the names of the points to be moxaed, determine the number of moxa cones (zhuang), and produce diagrams for reference, adhering to standard measurements of cun.
Regarding the intensity of moxibustion, the moxa fire should be allowed to burn thoroughly, but one must observe the patient's constitution (excess or deficiency). If the fire is too intense, it will damage the healthy qi; if insufficient, it will fail to cure the disease. Therefore, regulation should follow the patient's condition of excess or deficiency.
Generally, for both men and women, the area above the waist is Yang, and the area below the waist is Yin. For men, the back is Yin and the abdomen is Yang; for women, the abdomen is Yin and the back is Yang.
The method of moxibustion should generally start from the upper body and then proceed to the lower body. Moxa on Yang areas first, then Yin areas, follows the principle of harmony.
When moxaing various Shu points, one must follow the classics. Deviating from the classics only causes pain without benefit. If the moxibustion leads to suppuration and ulceration, wind-cold pathogens are expelled; if no ulceration occurs, the disease remains.
If Kidney Qi is affected by wind-cold, causing symptoms resembling possession by evil spirits, repeated moxibustion until thorough penetration will expel the wind-cold, leading to spontaneous recovery.
The head is where the Spirit resides and essence gathers. Disease here causes Qi deficiency and scattering of essence. When moxaing the head, sufficient fire energy must be applied to the pathology to expel evil, after which the fire should be stopped. If sufficient heat is applied but continued, the Spirit may escape and fail to return, damaging clarity and depleting Ying and Wei Qi. If stopped prematurely due to insufficient heat, residual pathogens remain, prone to recurrence due to changes in Heaven and Earth's Yin-Yang.
The four limbs are the branches of the body. Their Qi connects to the Zang-Fu organs, circulating through blood vessels to nourish the limbs. The distribution is superficial and easily reached. Thus, when moxaing the head, if the spirit and Qi are weak, fire disperses cold. Since the muscles along the back and spine are thick, moxibustion should be thorough and abundant.
(Repeated text in source): All treatments must follow the classics; deviation only causes pain without benefit. Suppuration from moxibustion expels wind-cold; lack thereof leaves the disease intact. For Kidney Qi affected by wind-cold...
The *Tai Su Jing* states: From the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger to its tip measures 4.5 cun. The annotation notes: From the end of the proximal joint to the tip of the middle finger is 4.5 cun. Current practitioners take...
Sun Simiao said: Acupoints on the body are sites where Zang-Fu, Ying-Wei, and blood vessels circulate, connecting interior and exterior. In emergencies, precise selection is required.
To locate hand acupoints...
One must also consider muscle fibers, joint gaps, and depressions. Pressing with the hand where the patient feels relief indicates the correct point. Only through careful and calm attention can these points be accurately found.
When texts mention "three intervals of one cun," it means three moxa applications separated by one cun. One cun contains three moxa applications, each measuring three fen. Three zhuang constitute one cun. Regarding quantity...
Some cases involve up to one hundred zhuang.
Straight...
Of...
Moxibustion should prioritize Yang over Yin, and upper over lower. Fire should be applied only after solar noon. Before noon, during dawn when Gu Qi is abundant, it may cause dizziness and mania; acupuncture is contraindicated...
Yang Xuancuo said: When a moxa sore suppurates and ulcerates, the disease exits; if it does not ulcerate, the disease persists. The *Jia Yi Jing, Volume Bing* states: For moxibustion that fails to produce sores, apply heat compresses...
Su Jing's *Treatise on Hong Jiao (Gout/Podagra)* states: After the moxa sore heals, if the skin is red, wind-toxin is exhausted; if blue-black, toxic vapors remain. Continue moxibustion without stopping until the body feels light and agile...
The *Bian Que Zhen Jiu Jing* states: Moxibustion-induced sores, if kept moist, may heal slowly. They may transform into fire abscesses. Take peach bark from the east side of the tree, at least one cun long, and boil...