葱白（四茎） 干姜（一两，炮） 附子（一枚，炮）
少阴下利者，此方主之。
少阴属肾，水脏也，得天地闭藏之令，主禁固二便，寒邪居之，则病而失其体矣，故下
利。葱白，所以通阳气也；姜、附，所以散阴寒也。是方也，能散阴而通阳，故即葱白而名
曰白通。
葱白（四茎） 干姜（一两，炮） 附子（一枚，炮） 人尿（五合） 猪胆汁（一合）
少阴下利，脉微者，与白通汤。利不止，厥逆无脉，干呕烦者，此方主之。服汤，脉暴
出者死，微续者生。
少阴下利脉微，此少阴有真寒也，故与白通汤散阴复阳。若利不止，厥逆无脉，干呕烦
者，乃寒盛格拒乎阳，药不能达于少阴，而阳逆乱于上故也。加人尿、猪胆者，取其苦寒与
阴同类，可以引姜、附入拒格之寒而调其逆。《内经》曰∶必同其气，可使平也。正此之谓。
入
之兵也，惟明者知之。其服汤脉暴出者，正气因发泄而脱也，故死；脉微续者，阳气渐复也
，故生。
附子（二枚，炮） 茯苓（去皮） 芍药（炒，各三两） 人参（二两） 白术（四两，
炒）
少阴病口中和，背恶寒者，此方主之。少阴病身体痛，手足寒，骨节痛，脉沉者，亦此
方主之。
伤寒以阳为主，上件病皆阴胜，几于无阳矣。辛甘皆阳也，故用附、术、参、苓以养阳
；辛温之药过多，则恐有偏阳之弊，故又用芍药以扶阴。经曰∶火欲实，水当平之。此用芍
药之意也。
葱白（四茎） 干姜（一两，经炮制） 附子（一枚，经炮制）
少阴病出现下利的症状，此方主治。
少阴经归属于肾，肾为水脏，承受天地闭藏的命令，主管固摄二便。寒邪占据此处，导致功能失常而发病，因此出现下利。葱白，用来通达阳气；生姜、附子，用来驱散阴寒。这个方剂，能够驱散阴寒并通达阳气，所以以葱白命名，称为白通汤。
葱白（四茎） 干姜（一两，经炮制） 附子（一枚，经炮制） 人尿（五合） 猪胆汁（一合）
少阴病出现下利，脉象微弱的，给予白通汤治疗。如果下利不止，四肢厥冷且无脉象，干呕心烦的，此方主治。服用汤药后，如果脉象突然暴出的是死证，脉象微微持续恢复的是生证。
少阴病下利且脉象微弱，这是少阴经有真寒的表现，所以给予白通汤来驱散阴寒、回复阳气。如果下利不止，四肢厥冷无脉，干呕心烦，这是寒邪盛极格拒阳气，药物不能到达少阴经，而阳气逆乱于上的缘故。加入人尿、猪胆，是取其苦寒之性与阴同类，可以引导姜、附进入被寒邪格拒的部位，从而调理逆乱之气。《内经》说：“必须顺应其气性，才能使病情平复。”正是说的这个道理。这其中的奥妙，如同用兵之道，只有高明的人才能知晓。服用汤药后脉象突然暴出的，是因为正气随着发泄而脱失，所以死亡；脉象微微持续恢复的，是阳气逐渐回复，所以生存。
附子（二枚，经炮制） 茯苓（去皮） 芍药（炒制，各三两） 人参（二两） 白术（四两，炒制）
少阴病口中平和不渴，背部怕冷的，此方主治。少阴病身体疼痛，手足寒冷，骨节疼痛，脉象沉的，也是此方主治。
伤寒病以阳气为主，上述病症都是阴气胜极，几乎没有了阳气。辛味和甘味的药物都属于阳，所以使用附子、白术、人参、茯苓来养护阳气；辛温的药物过多，恐怕会有偏助阳气的弊端，所以又使用芍药来扶持阴气。经书说：“火气要充实，水气应当平衡它。”这就是使用芍药的意思。
Scallion White (Four stems) Dried Ginger (One tael, processed) Aconite Root (One piece, processed)
When Shaoyin disease presents with diarrhea, this formula is indicated.
Shaoyin corresponds to the Kidney, which is a Water organ. It receives the mandate of closure and storage from Heaven and Earth, and governs the consolidation and control of urination and defecation. When cold pathogen occupies this area, function is impaired, leading to pathology; thus, diarrhea occurs. Scallion White serves to unblock Yang Qi; Ginger and Aconite serve to disperse Yin Cold. This formula can disperse Yin and unblock Yang; therefore, it is named Baitong Tang (White Unblocking Decoction) after the Scallion White.
Scallion White (Four stems) Dried Ginger (One tael, processed) Aconite Root (One piece, processed) Human Urine (Five he) Pig Bile (One he)
In Shaoyin disease with diarrhea and a faint pulse, administer Baitong Tang. If diarrhea persists, accompanied by cold extremities, absence of pulse, dry retching, and irritability, this formula is indicated. After taking the decoction, if the pulse suddenly emerges violently, death ensues; if the pulse gradually and slightly recovers, life is preserved.
Shaoyin disease with diarrhea and a faint pulse indicates true cold in Shaoyin; hence, Baitong Tang is given to disperse Yin and restore Yang. If diarrhea persists, accompanied by cold extremities, absence of pulse, dry retching, and irritability, it signifies that excessive cold is rejecting and repelling Yang, preventing the medicine from reaching Shaoyin, causing Yang to rebel and become chaotic above. The addition of Human Urine and Pig Bile utilizes their bitter-cold nature, which is similar to Yin, to guide Ginger and Aconite into the region where cold is rejecting, thereby regulating the rebellious Qi. The *Neijing* states: "One must align with its Qi to bring it to equilibrium." This is precisely what is meant. The subtlety here is like military strategy, known only to the wise. Regarding the pulse after taking the decoction: if it suddenly emerges violently, it indicates that healthy Qi has collapsed due to excessive discharge, leading to death; if it gradually and slightly recovers, it indicates that Yang Qi is slowly returning, leading to survival.
Aconite Root (Two pieces, processed) Poria (peeled) Peony Root (stir-fried, each three taels) Ginseng Root (two taels) Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (four taels, stir-fried)
In Shaoyin disease, if the mouth feels neutral and not thirsty, and there is aversion to cold on the back, this formula is indicated. In Shaoyin disease, if there is body pain, cold hands and feet, bone and joint pain, and a deep pulse, this formula is also indicated.
In Shanghan (Cold Damage) diseases, Yang is primary. The aforementioned conditions all represent extreme excess of Yin, nearly devoid of Yang. Acrid and Sweet flavors belong to Yang; therefore, Aconite, Atractylodes, Ginseng, and Poria are used to nourish Yang. However, using too many Acrid-Warm herbs risks an imbalance favoring Yang excessively; thus, Peony Root is added to support Yin. The classics state: "If Fire desires to be substantial, Water should balance it." This explains the rationale for using Peony Root.