夫疾病之至急者有三∶一曰伤寒，二曰中风，三曰疮痈。是二种者，疗之不早，或治不
对病，皆死不旋踵。孙氏撰千金方，其中风疮痈可谓精至，而伤寒一门，皆以汤散膏丸类聚
成篇，疑未得其详矣。又着千金翼三十卷，辨论方法，见于千金者十五六。惟伤寒谓大医汤
药虽行百无一效，乃专取仲景之论，以太阳方证比类相附，三阴三阳宜忌霍乱发汗吐下后阴
易劳复病为十六篇，分上下两卷，亦一时之新意。此于千金为辅翼之深者也。从而着之论曰∶
伤寒热病，自古有之，名贤睿哲，多所防御。至于仲景，特有神功，寻思旨趣，莫测其致。
有以见孙氏尊而神之之心也。是二书者，表里相明，至纤至悉，无不赅备。世又传千金髓者，
观其文意，殊非孙氏所作，乃好事者为之耳。王道集外台秘要方，各载所出，亦未之见。似
出于唐之末伐，博雅者勿谓其一家书也。至于合药生熟之宜，炮炙之制，分两升斗之剂，并
载千金凡例中，此不着云尔。
论曰∶夫药采取不知时节，不以阴干曝干，虽有药名，终无药实，故不依时采取，与朽
木不殊，虚废人功，卒无裨益，其法虽具大经，学人寻览造次难得，是以甄别，即日可知耳
葳蕤（立春后采，阴干。） 菊花（正月采根，三月采叶，五月采茎，九月采花，十一
月
采实，皆阴干。） 白英（春采叶，夏采茎，秋采花，冬采根） 络石（正月采。） 飞廉（正
月
采根，七八月采花，阴干。） 本（正月二月采，曝三十日成。） 通草（正月采，阴干。）
女
菀（正月二月采，阴干。） 乌头、乌喙（正月二月采，春采为乌头，冬采为附子，八月上
旬
采根，阴干。） 蒴 （春夏采叶，秋冬采茎根。） 柏叶（四时各依方面采，阴干。） 枸
杞（春
夏采叶，秋采茎实，冬采根，阴干。） 茗（春采） 桃枭（正月采。） 天门冬（二月三月
七月
八月采，曝。） 麦门冬（二月三月八月十月采，阴干。） 术（二月三月八月九月采，曝。）
黄
精（二月采，阴干。） 干地黄（二月八月采，阴干。） 薯蓣（二月八月采，曝。） 甘草
（二
月八月采，曝干，十日成。） 人参（二月四月八月上旬采，曝干，无令见风。） 牛膝（二
月
八月十月采，阴干） 细辛（二月八月采，阴干。） 独活（二月八月采，曝。） 升麻（二
月八
月采，日干。） 柴胡（二月八月采，曝。） 龙胆（二月八月十一月十二月采，阴干。） 巴
戟天（二月八月采，阴干。） 白蒿（二月采。） 防风（二月十月采，曝。） 黄连（二月
八月
采。） 沙参（二月八月采，曝。） 王不留行（二月八月采。） 黄 （二月十月采，阴干。）
杜
若（二月八月采，曝。） 茜根（二月三月采，曝。） 当归（二月八月采，阴干。） 秦艽
（二
月八月采，曝。） 芍药（二月八月采，曝。） 前胡（二月八月采，曝。） 知母（二月八
月采，
曝。） 栝蒌（二月八月采根，曝，三十日成。） 石龙芮（五月五日采子，二月八月采皮，
阴
。） 石苇（二月采，阴干。） 狗脊（二月八月采，曝。） 萆 （二月八月采，曝。） 菝
（二
月八月采，曝。） 白芷（二月八月采，曝。） 紫菀（二月三月采，阴干。） 百合（二月
八月
采，曝。） 牡丹（二月八月采，阴干。） 防己（二月八月采，阴干。） 地榆（二月八月
采，
曝。） 莎草根（二月八月采。） 大黄（二月八月采，火干。） 桔梗（二月八月采，曝。） 甘
遂（二月采，阴干。） 赭魁（二月采。） 天雄（二月采，阴干。） 贯众（一月八月采，
阴干。）
虎掌（二月八月采，阴干。） 白蔹（二月八月采，曝。） 羊桃（一月采，阴干。） 野狼毒
（二
月八月采，阴干。） 鬼臼（二月八月采。） 茯苓、茯神（二月八月采，阴干。） 桂（二
月八
月十月采，阴干。） 杜仲（二月五月六月九月采。） 商陆（二月八月采，晒干。） 丁香
（二
月八月采。） 榆皮（二月采皮，曝干，八月采实。） 猪苓（二月八月采，阴干。） 秦皮
（二
月八月采，阴干。） 石楠（二月四月采叶，八月采实，阴干。） 蓝叶（二月三月采，曝，
本
草无。） 赤箭（三月四月八月采，曝。） 防葵（三月三日采，曝。） 芎 （三月四月采，
曝。）
徐长卿（三月采。） 黄芩（三月三日采，阴干。） 大青（三月四月采，阴干。） 玄参（三
月
四月采，曝。） 苦参（三月八月十月采，曝。） 杜蘅（三月三日采，曝。） 紫草（三月
采，
阴干。） 白薇（三月三日采，阴干。） 紫参（三月采，火干。） 泽兰（三月三日采，阴
干。）
王瓜（三月采，阴干。） 垣衣（三月三日采，阴干。） 艾叶（三月三日采，曝。） 水萍
（三
月采，曝。） 芫花（三月三日采，阴干。） 泽漆（三月三日、七月七日采，阴干。） 藜
芦（三
月采，阴干。） 羊踯躅（三月采，阴干。） 茵芋（三月三日采，阴干。） 射干（三月三
日采，
阴干。） 青葙子（三月采茎叶，阴干，五月六月采子。） 紫葛（三月八月采，晒干。） 白
附子（三月采。） 桑上寄生（三月三日采，阴干。） 浓朴（二月九月十月采，阴干。） 芜
荑
（三月采，阴干。） 黄环（三月采，阴干。） 乌芋（三月三日采，曝。） 桃花（三月三
日采，
阴干。） 苦菜（三月三日采，阴干。） 远志（四月采，阴干。） 菥 子（四月五月采，
曝。）
景天（四月四日、七月七日采，阴干。） 蒲黄（四月采。） 兰草（四月五月采。） 蘼芜
（四
月五月采，曝。） 白头翁（四月采。） 夏枯草（四月采。） 溲疏（四月采。） 鼠尾草（四
月采叶，七月采花，阴干。） 菖蒲（五月十二月采，阴干。） 卷柏（五月七月采，阴干。）
泽
泻（五月六月八月采，阴干。叶∶五月采；实∶九月采。） 车前子（五月五日采，阴干。） 茺
蔚子（五月采。） 石龙刍（五月七日采，曝。） 丹参（五月采，曝。） 天名精（五月采。）
肉
苁蓉（五月五日采，阴干。） 蛇床子（五月采，阴干。） 茵陈蒿（五月及立秋采，阴干。）
旋
花（五月采，阴干。） 葛根（五月采，曝。） 酸浆（五月采，阴干。） 蠡实（五月采，
阴干。）
大小蓟（五月采。） 荭草（五月采实。） 旋复花（五月采，晒干。） 鸢尾（五月采。） 半
夏
（五月八月采，曝。） 莨菪子（五月采。） 蜀漆（五月采，阴干。） 茹（五月采，阴
干。）
蓄（五月采，阴干。） 生漆（夏至后采。） 蕤核（五月六月采，晒干。） 松萝（五月采，
阴干。）
五加皮（五月七月采茎，十月采根，阴干。） 莽草（五月采，阴干。） 郁李根（五月六月
采。）
挛华（五月采。） 覆盆子（五月采。） 梅实（五月采，火干。） 杏核仁（五月采。） 蘩
蒌（五
月五日采。） 葫（五月五日采。） 蒜（五月五日采。） 青 （五月采，本草无。） 紫芝
（六
月八月采。） 茅根（六月采。） 荛花（六月采，阴干。） 昨夜何草（夏采，晒干。） 松
脂（六
月采。） 五木耳（六月采，曝干。） 石斛（七月八月采，阴干。） 蒺藜子（七月八月采，
曝。）
续断（七月八月采，阴干。） 薇衔（七月采。） 麻黄（立秋采，阴干。） 瞿麦（立秋采，
阴
干。） 海藻（七月七日采，曝。） 陆英（立秋采。） 菌桂（立秋采。） 槐实（七月七日
十月
巳日采。） 桃核仁（七月采，阴干。） 瓜蒂（七月七日采，阴干。） 水苏（七月采。） 麻
（七月七日采。） 腐婢（七月采，阴干。） 蓍实（八月九月采，晒干。） 薏苡仁（八
月采
实，根无时。） 地肤子（八月十月采，阴干。） 漏芦（八月采，阴干。） 营实（八月九
月采，
阴干。） 五味子（八月采，阴干。） 败酱（八月采。） 恒山（八月采，阴干。） 牙子（八
月
采，曝。） 蛇含（八月采，阴干。） 菌（八月采，阴干。） 连翘（八月采，阴干。） 屋
游（八月九月采。） 女青（八月采，阴干。） 牡荆实（八月九月采，阴干。） 酸枣（八
月采，
阴干。） 楮实（八月九月采，晒干。） 秦椒（八月九月采。） 卫矛（八月采，阴干。） 巴
豆（八月采，阴干。） 蜀椒（八月采，阴干。） 雷丸（八月采，曝。） 大枣（八月采，
曝。） 藕
实（八月采。） 鸡头实（八月采。） 白瓜子（八月采。） 菟丝子（九月采，曝。） 荩草
（九
月十月采。） 干姜（九月采。） 松实（九月采，阴干。） 辛夷（九月采，曝。） 枳实（九
月
十月采，阴干。） 山茱萸（九月十月采，阴干。） 吴茱萸（九月九日采，阴干。） 栀子
（九
月采，曝。） 皂荚（九月十月采，阴干。） 栗（九月采。） 荏（九月采，阴干。） 麻子
（九
月采。） 大豆（九月采。） 子（十月采。） 决明子（十月十日采，阴干百日。） 云
实（十
月采，曝。） 贝母（十月采，曝。） 女贞（立冬采。） 橘柚（十月采。） 款冬花（十一
月采，
阴干。） 棘刺（冬至后一百二十日采。） 苋实（十一月采。） 忍冬（十二月采，阴干。） 大
戟（十二月采，阴干。） 木兰（十二月采，阴干。） 冬葵子（十二月采。） 白藓（四月
五月
采，阴干。） 葶苈（立夏后采，阴干。）
论曰∶凡药皆须采之有时日，阴干曝干，则有气力。若不依时采之，则与
弃功用，终无益也。学人当要及时采掇，以供所用耳。
疾病中最为急迫的有三种：一是伤寒，二是中风，三是疮痈。这两种病（注：此处原文“是二种者”结合上下文语境及后文重点论述伤寒，通常指代前文提到的急症中的核心部分，或泛指除疮痈外的外感急症，但依字面翻译为“这几种病”或特指前文列举），如果治疗不及时，或者治疗不对症，都会导致患者迅速死亡。孙思邈撰写《千金方》时，对于中风和疮痈的治疗可谓精妙详尽，而对于伤寒这一门类，只是将汤剂、散剂、膏剂、丸剂等归类成篇，怀疑其中并未得到详细的阐述。他又撰写了《千金翼方》三十卷，辨析讨论治疗方法，其中有十五六的内容见于《千金方》。唯独在伤寒方面，他认为大医使用的汤药虽然施行，却百无一效，于是专门选取张仲景的理论，将太阳病的方证进行比类附会，加上三阴三阳、宜忌、霍乱、发汗吐下后、阴易、劳复病等，共分为十六篇，分上下两卷，这也是当时的一种新意。这对于《千金方》起到了深厚的辅助补充作用。因此他著论说：伤寒热病，自古以来就有，名贤睿智之人，多有防御之法。至于张仲景，更有神妙的功绩，深入思考其旨趣，难以测度其中的奥妙。由此可见孙思邈对张仲景尊崇如神的心态。这两部书，表里相互阐明，细致入微，无不完备。世间又流传有《千金髓》，看其文意，绝非孙思邈所作，而是好事者伪造的而已。王洙编纂的《外台秘要方》，各自记载出处，也未见到此书。似乎出自唐末时期，博学雅正的人不要把它当作孙氏一家的著作。至于药物生熟使用的适宜程度，炮制加工的规范，分量升斗的剂量，都记载在《千金方·凡例》中，这里就不再赘述了。
论曰：药物的采集不知道时节，如果不按照阴干或曝干的方法处理，即使有药名，最终也没有药效，所以不依照时节采集，与朽木没有区别，白白浪费人力功夫，最终毫无裨益。这种方法虽然在大经（指经典医籍）中有记载，但学习者匆忙浏览很难掌握，因此加以甄别，即日即可知晓。葳蕤（立春后采集，阴干。）菊花（正月采根，三月采叶，五月采茎，九月采花，十一月采实，都阴干。）白英（春采叶，夏采茎，秋采花，冬采根）络石（正月采集。）飞廉（正月采根，七八月采花，阴干。）藁本（正月二月采集，曝晒三十天制成。）通草（正月采集，阴干。）女菀（正月二月采集，阴干。）乌头、乌喙（正月二月采集，春采为乌头，冬采为附子，八月上旬采根，阴干。）蒴藋（春夏采叶，秋冬采茎根。）柏叶（四季各依方位采集，阴干。）枸杞（春夏采叶，秋采茎实，冬采根，阴干。）茗（春采）桃枭（正月采集。）天门冬（二月三月七月八月采集，曝晒。）麦门冬（二月三月八月十月采集，阴干。）术（二月三月八月九月采集，曝晒。）黄精（二月采集，阴干。）干地黄（二月八月采集，阴干。）薯蓣（二月八月采集，曝晒。）甘草（二月八月采集，曝干，十天制成。）人参（二月四月八月上旬采集，曝干，不让见风。）牛膝（二月八月十月采集，阴干）细辛（二月八月采集，阴干。）独活（二月八月采集，曝晒。）升麻（二月八月采集，日干。）柴胡（二月八月采集，曝晒。）龙胆（二月八月十一月十二月采集，阴干。）巴戟天（二月八月采集，阴干。）白蒿（二月采集。）防风（二月十月采集，曝晒。）黄连（二月八月采集。）沙参（二月八月采集，曝晒。）王不留行（二月八月采集。）黄檗（二月十月采集，阴干。）杜若（二月八月采集，曝晒。）茜根（二月三月采集，曝晒。）当归（二月八月采集，阴干。）秦艽（二月八月采集，曝晒。）芍药（二月八月采集，曝晒。）前胡（二月八月采集，曝晒。）知母（二月八月采集，曝晒。）栝蒌（二月八月采根，曝晒，三十天制成。）石龙芮（五月五日采子，二月八月采皮，阴干。）石苇（二月采集，阴干。）狗脊（二月八月采集，曝晒。）萆薢（二月八月采集，曝晒。）菝葜（二月八月采集，曝晒。）白芷（二月八月采集，曝晒。）紫菀（二月三月采集，阴干。）百合（二月八月采集，曝晒。）牡丹（二月八月采集，阴干。）防己（二月八月采集，阴干。）地榆（二月八月采集，曝晒。）莎草根（二月八月采集。）大黄（二月八月采集，火干。）桔梗（二月八月采集，曝晒。）甘遂（二月采集，阴干。）赭魁（二月采集。）天雄（二月采集，阴干。）贯众（一月八月采集，阴干。）虎掌（二月八月采集，阴干。）白蔹（二月八月采集，曝晒。）羊桃（一月采集，阴干。）野狼毒（二月八月采集，阴干。）鬼臼（二月八月采集。）茯苓、茯神（二月八月采集，阴干。）桂（二月八月十月采集，阴干。）杜仲（二月五月六月九月采集。）商陆（二月八月采集，晒干。）丁香（二月八月采集。）榆皮（二月采皮，曝干，八月采实。）猪苓（二月八月采集，阴干。）秦皮（二月八月采集，阴干。）石楠（二月四月采叶，八月采实，阴干。）蓝叶（二月三月采集，曝晒，本草无记载。）赤箭（三月四月八月采集，曝晒。）防葵（三月三日采集，曝晒。）川芎（三月四月采集，曝晒。）徐长卿（三月采集。）黄芩（三月三日采集，阴干。）大青（三月四月采集，阴干。）玄参（三月四月采集，曝晒。）苦参（三月八月十月采集，曝晒。）杜蘅（三月三日采集，曝晒。）紫草（三月采集，阴干。）白薇（三月三日采集，阴干。）紫参（三月采集，火干。）泽兰（三月三日采集，阴干。）王瓜（三月采集，阴干。）垣衣（三月三日采集，阴干。）艾叶（三月三日采集，曝晒。）水萍（三月采集，曝晒。）芫花（三月三日采集，阴干。）泽漆（三月三日、七月七日采集，阴干。）藜芦（三月采集，阴干。）羊踯躅（三月采集，阴干。）茵芋（三月三日采集，阴干。）射干（三月三日采集，阴干。）青葙子（三月采茎叶，阴干，五月六月采子。）紫葛（三月八月采集，晒干。）白附子（三月采集。）桑上寄生（三月三日采集，阴干。）浓朴（二月九月十月采集，阴干。）芜荑（三月采集，阴干。）黄环（三月采集，阴干。）乌芋（三月三日采集，曝晒。）桃花（三月三日采集，阴干。）苦菜（三月三日采集，阴干。）远志（四月采集，阴干。）蝱子（四月五月采集，曝晒。）景天（四月四日、七月七日采集，阴干。）蒲黄（四月采集。）兰草（四月五月采集。）蘼芜（四月五月采集，曝晒。）白头翁（四月采集。）夏枯草（四月采集。）溲疏（四月采集。）鼠尾草（四月采叶，七月采花，阴干。）菖蒲（五月十二月采集，阴干。）卷柏（五月七月采集，阴干。）泽泻（五月六月八月采集，阴干。叶∶五月采；实∶九月采。）车前子（五月五日采集，阴干。）茺蔚子（五月采集。）石龙刍（五月七日采集，曝晒。）丹参（五月采集，曝晒。）天名精（五月采集。）肉苁蓉（五月五日采集，阴干。）蛇床子（五月采集，阴干。）茵陈蒿（五月及立秋采集，阴干。）旋花（五月采集，阴干。）葛根（五月采集，曝晒。）酸浆（五月采集，阴干。）蠡实（五月采集，阴干。）大小蓟（五月采集。）荭草（五月采集实。）旋复花（五月采集，晒干。）鸢尾（五月采集。）半夏（五月八月采集，曝晒。）莨菪子（五月采集。）蜀漆（五月采集，阴干。）茹草（五月采集，阴干。）蓄（五月采集，阴干。）生漆（夏至后采集。）蕤核（五月六月采集，晒干。）松萝（五月采集，阴干。）五加皮（五月七月采茎，十月采根，阴干。）莽草（五月采集，阴干。）郁李根（五月六月采集。）挛华（五月采集。）覆盆子（五月采集。）梅实（五月采集，火干。）杏核仁（五月采集。）蘩蒌（五月五日采集。）葫（五月五日采集。）蒜（五月五日采集。）青箱（五月采集，本草无记载。）紫芝（六月八月采集。）茅根（六月采集。）荛花（六月采集，阴干。）昨夜何草（夏季采集，晒干。）松脂（六月采集。）五木耳（六月采集，曝干。）石斛（七月八月采集，阴干。）蒺藜子（七月八月采集，曝晒。）续断（七月八月采集，阴干。）薇衔（七月采集。）麻黄（立秋采集，阴干。）瞿麦（立秋采集，阴干。）海藻（七月七日采集，曝晒。）陆英（立秋采集。）菌桂（立秋采集。）槐实（七月七日十月巳日采集。）桃核仁（七月采集，阴干。）瓜蒂（七月七日采集，阴干。）水苏（七月采集。）麻（七月七日采集。）腐婢（七月采集，阴干。）蓍实（八月九月采集，晒干。）薏苡仁（八月采实，根无时。）地肤子（八月十月采集，阴干。）漏芦（八月采集，阴干。）营实（八月九月采集，阴干。）五味子（八月采集，阴干。）败酱（八月采集。）恒山（八月采集，阴干。）牙子（八月采集，曝晒。）蛇含（八月采集，阴干。）菌（八月采集，阴干。）连翘（八月采集，阴干。）屋游（八月九月采集。）女青（八月采集，阴干。）牡荆实（八月九月采集，阴干。）酸枣（八月采集，阴干。）楮实（八月九月采集，晒干。）秦椒（八月九月采集。）卫矛（八月采集，阴干。）巴豆（八月采集，阴干。）蜀椒（八月采集，阴干。）雷丸（八月采集，曝晒。）大枣（八月采集，曝晒。）藕实（八月采集。）鸡头实（八月采集。）白瓜子（八月采集。）菟丝子（九月采集，曝晒。）荩草（九月十月采集。）干姜（九月采集。）松实（九月采集，阴干。）辛夷（九月采集，曝晒。）枳实（九月十月采集，阴干。）山茱萸（九月十月采集，阴干。）吴茱萸（九月九日采集，阴干。）栀子（九月采集，曝晒。）皂荚（九月十月采集，阴干。）栗（九月采集。）荏（九月采集，阴干。）麻子（九月采集。）大豆（九月采集。）子（十月采集。）决明子（十月十日采集，阴干百日。）云实（十月采集，曝晒。）贝母（十月采集，曝晒。）女贞（立冬采集。）橘柚（十月采集。）款冬花（十一月采集，阴干。）棘刺（冬至后一百二十日采集。）苋实（十一月采集。）忍冬（十二月采集，阴干。）大戟（十二月采集，阴干。）木兰（十二月采集，阴干。）冬葵子（十二月采集。）白藓（四月五月采集，阴干。）葶苈（立夏后采集，阴干。）
论曰：凡是药物都必须按时日采集，阴干或曝干，这样才有药力。如果不依照时节采集，那就废弃了功用，最终毫无益处。学习者应当及时采摘，以供使用罢了。
The three most urgent diseases are: first, Shanghan (Cold Damage); second, Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke); third, Chuangyong (Sores and Abscesses). If these conditions are not treated promptly, or if the treatment does not match the disease, death will follow swiftly. When Sun Simiao compiled the *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Golden Prescriptions), his treatments for Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke) and Chuangyong (Sores and Abscesses) were indeed exquisite and thorough. However, regarding the category of Shanghan (Cold Damage), he merely grouped decoctions, powders, plasters, and pills into chapters; it is suspected that the details were not fully elaborated. He subsequently wrote the thirty volumes of *Qianjin Yi Fang* (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Prescriptions), discussing methods, fifteen to sixteen percent of which overlapped with those in *Qianjin Fang*. Specifically regarding Shanghan (Cold Damage), he believed that although great physicians administered decoctions, rarely was there a single effective case. Therefore, he exclusively adopted the theories of Zhang Zhongjing, classifying the formulas and syndromes of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel and attaching them by analogy. Including the Six Channels (Taiyang, Shaoyang, Yangming, Taiyin, Shaoyin, Jueyin), contraindications, Huoluan (Cholera-like illness), post-sweating/vomiting/purging conditions, Yin Yi (Post-coital recovery syndrome), and Laofu (Relapse due to overexertion), he divided these into sixteen chapters, split into two scrolls (upper and lower). This also represented a novel approach of the time. This served as a profound auxiliary support to *Qianjin Fang*. Thus, he composed a treatise stating: "Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Re Bing (Febrile Diseases) have existed since ancient times. Wise sages and philosophers have devised many preventive measures. As for Zhang Zhongjing, he possessed divine efficacy. Delving into his purport, one cannot fathom its profundity." This reveals Sun Simiao's reverent attitude towards Zhang Zhongjing. These two books complement each other internally and externally, being extremely detailed and comprehensive. Another text circulated in the world called *Qianjin Sui* (Marrow of the Thousand Golden), but judging by its style and intent, it was certainly not authored by Sun Simiao, but rather fabricated by enthusiasts. Wang Zhu’s compilation *Waitai Miyao Fang* (Secret Essentials from the Outer Cabinet) cites sources individually, yet this text is nowhere to be found. It seems to originate from the late Tang Dynasty; learned scholars should not regard it as a work of the Sun family. Regarding the appropriateness of using raw versus processed herbs, the regulations for processing (Pao Zhi), and the measurements of weight and volume, all are recorded in the *Fanli* (General Principles) section of *Qianjin Fang*, so they are not repeated here.
Treatise states: If the timing of herb collection is unknown, and if herbs are not dried in the shade or exposed to the sun properly, then despite having a medicinal name, they ultimately lack medicinal substance. Therefore, collecting herbs out of season is no different from rotten wood; it wastes human effort and yields no benefit. Although these methods are contained in major classics, students find them difficult to grasp amidst haste. Hence, I have distinguished and clarified them so they can be known immediately.
Weirui (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati): Collected after Start of Spring, dried in shade.
Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi): Roots collected in the first lunar month, leaves in the third, stems in the fifth, flowers in the ninth, fruits/seeds in the eleventh; all dried in shade.
Baiying (Herba Solani Lilaciflori): Leaves collected in spring, stems in summer, flowers in autumn, roots in winter.
Luoshi (Caulis Trachelospermi): Collected in the first lunar month.
Feilian (Herba Saussureae Involucratae): Roots collected in the first lunar month, flowers in the seventh and eighth months, dried in shade.
Gaoben (Radix Ligustici Wallichii): Collected in the first and second lunar months, sun-dried for thirty days.
Tongcao (Medulla Tetrapanacis): Collected in the first lunar month, dried in shade.
Nwan (Herba Asteris Tatarici): Collected in the first and second lunar months, dried in shade.
Wutou (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) and Wu Hui (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata): Collected in the first and second lunar months; spring-collected is Wutou, winter-collected is Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata). Roots collected in early tenth day of the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Shu Que (Radix et Rhizoma Datiscae): Leaves collected in spring and summer, stems and roots in autumn and winter.
Baiye (Folium Platycladi): Collected according to directions in all four seasons, dried in shade.
Gouqi (Fructus Lycii): Leaves collected in spring and summer, stems and fruits in autumn, roots in winter, dried in shade.
Ming (Folium Camelliae Sinensis): Collected in spring.
Tao Xiao (Fructus Persicae Mummificatus): Collected in the first lunar month.
Tianmendong (Radix Asparagi): Collected in the second, third, seventh, and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Mendong (Radix Ophiopogonis): Collected in the second, third, eighth, and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae / Rhizoma Atractylodis): Collected in the second, third, eighth, and ninth lunar months, sun-dried.
Huangjing (Rhizoma Polygonati): Collected in the second lunar month, dried in shade.
Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Shuyu (Rhizoma Dioscoreae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried for ten days.
Renshen (Radix Ginseng): Collected in the second lunar month, fourth lunar month, and early tenth day of the eighth lunar month, sun-dried, protected from wind.
Niuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae): Collected in the second, eighth, and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Xixin (Radix et Rhizoma Asari): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Duohuo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in sunlight.
Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Longdan (Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae): Collected in the second, eighth, eleventh, and twelfth lunar months, dried in shade.
Bajitian (Radix Morindae Officinalis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Baihao (Herba Artemisiae argyi / Specific Artemisia species): Collected in the second lunar month.
Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae): Collected in the second and tenth lunar months, sun-dried.
Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months.
Shashen (Radix Adenophorae / Radix Glehniae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Wangbuliuxing (Semen Vaccariae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months.
Huangbo (Cortex Phellodendri): Collected in the second and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Duoruo (Rhizoma Polystachyonis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Qianggen (Radix Saposhnikoviae / Radix Ledebouriellae - Note: Qianqian usually refers to Qianqian Gen/Saposhnikovia root, distinct from Fangfeng stem/leaf context sometimes, but here listed as root): Collected in the second and third lunar months, sun-dried.
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Qinjiao (Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae Macrophyllae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba / Radix Paeoniae Rubra): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Qianhu (Radix Peucedani): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Gualou (Fructus Trichosanthis): Roots collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried for thirty days.
Shilongrui (Herba Ranunculi Ternati): Seeds collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, bark collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Shiwei (Folium Pyrrosiae): Collected in the second lunar month, dried in shade.
Gouji (Rhizoma et Radix Cibotii): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Bixie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Baqia (Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Ziwan (Radix Asteris Tatarici): Collected in the second and third lunar months, dried in shade.
Baihe (Bulbus Lilii): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Fangji (Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Diyu (Radix Sanguisorbae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Suocaogen (Radix Cyperi Rotundi): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months.
Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Palmati): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, fire-dried.
Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Gansui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui): Collected in the second lunar month, dried in shade.
Zhekui (Radix Bungeae): Collected in the second lunar month.
Tianxiong (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii): Collected in the second lunar month, dried in shade.
Guanzhong (Rhizoma Dryopteris Crassirhizomatis): Collected in the first and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Huzhang (Rhizoma Arisaematis Cum Baccis): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Bailian (Cortex Ampelopsis Japonicae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Yangtao (Fructus Actinidiae Chinensis): Collected in the first lunar month, dried in shade.
Yelangdu (Radix Henricae Perfoliatae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Guijiu (Rhizoma Typhonii): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months.
Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae) and Fushen (Sclerotium Poriae cum Radice): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi): Collected in the second, eighth, and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae): Collected in the second, fifth, sixth, and ninth lunar months.
Shanglu (Radix Phytolaccae): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Dingxiang (Flos Syzygii Aromatici): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months.
Yupi (Cortex Ulmi): Bark collected in the second lunar month, sun-dried; fruits collected in the eighth lunar month.
Zhuling (Sclerotium Polypori): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Qinpi (Cortex Fraxini): Collected in the second and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Shinan (Folium Nannopsidis Dasyphyllae): Leaves collected in the second and fourth lunar months, fruits in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Lanye (Folium Isatidis): Collected in the second and third lunar months, sun-dried; not recorded in Ben Cao (Materia Medica).
Chijian (Radix et Rhizoma Rhubarbi / Specific Astragalus species - Note: Chijian often refers to specific rhubarb or astragalus variant in ancient texts, here likely specific root): Collected in the third, fourth, and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Fang Kui (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae / Specific Angelica species): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, sun-dried.
Xiongqiong (Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong): Collected in the third and fourth lunar months, sun-dried.
Xuchangqing (Herba Polygalae): Collected in the third lunar month.
Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Da Qing (Folium Isatidis / Cortex Indigofera): Collected in the third and fourth lunar months, dried in shade.
Xuanshen (Radix Scrophulariae): Collected in the third and fourth lunar months, sun-dried.
Kushen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis): Collected in the third, eighth, and tenth lunar months, sun-dried.
Du Heng (Herba Dictamni): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, sun-dried.
Zicao (Radix Lithospermi): Collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Baiwei (Radix Cynanchi Atrati): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Zishen (Radix et Rhizoma Bistortae): Collected in the third lunar month, fire-dried.
Zelan (Herba Lycopi): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Wagua (Fructus Trichosanthis): Collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Yuanyi (Cortex Broussonetiae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Aiye (Folium Artemisiae Argyi): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, sun-dried.
Shuiping (Herba Lemnae): Collected in the third lunar month, sun-dried.
Yanhua (Flos Genkwa): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Ze Qi (Herba Euphorbiae Helioscopiae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month and seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Li Lu (Rhizoma Veratri): Collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Yang Zhi Zhu (Fructus Daphnes Gnidii): Collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Yin Yu (Herba Skimmiae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Shegan (Rhizoma Belamcandae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Qing Xiang Zi (Semen Celosiae): Stems and leaves collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade; seeds collected in the fifth and sixth lunar months.
Zi Ge (Radix Puerariae Lobatae): Collected in the third and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Fu Zi (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum / Specific Aconitum species - Note: Bai Fu Zi is Typhonium): Collected in the third lunar month.
Sang Shang Ji Sheng (Ramulus Taxilli): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis): Collected in the second, ninth, and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Wang Yi (Fructus Pruni Spinosae): Collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Huan (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae / Specific fruit): Collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Wu Yu (Tuber Dioscoreae Septemlobae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, sun-dried.
Taohua (Flos Persicae): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Kucai (Herba Sonchi): Collected on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in shade.
Yuanzhi (Radix Polygalae): Collected in the fourth lunar month, dried in shade.
Xi Meng Zi (Semen Descurainiae): Collected in the fourth and fifth lunar months, sun-dried.
Jingtian (Herba Sedis Aizoonis): Collected on the fourth day of the fourth lunar month and seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Puhuang (Pollen Typhae): Collected in the fourth lunar month.
Lancao (Herba Agrostis / Specific aromatic herb): Collected in the fourth and fifth lunar months.
Mi Wu (Herba Petasitis): Collected in the fourth and fifth lunar months, sun-dried.
Baitouweng (Radix Pulsatillae): Collected in the fourth lunar month.
Xiakucao (Herba Prunellae): Collected in the fourth lunar month.
Soushu (Ramulus Deutziae): Collected in the fourth lunar month.
Shuweicao (Herba Salviae Miltiorrhizae / Specific Salvia): Leaves collected in the fourth lunar month, flowers in the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Changpu (Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii): Collected in the fifth and twelfth lunar months, dried in shade.
Juanbai (Herba Selaginellae Tamariscinae): Collected in the fifth and seventh lunar months, dried in shade.
Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis): Collected in the fifth, sixth, and eighth lunar months, dried in shade. Leaf: collected in May; Fruit/Seed: collected in September.
Cheqian Zi (Semen Plantaginis): Collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Chong Wei Zi (Fructus Leonuri): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Shilong Chu (Herba Ranunculi Ternati): Collected on the seventh day of the fifth lunar month, sun-dried.
Danshen (Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae): Collected in the fifth lunar month, sun-dried.
Tian Ming Jing (Herba Namelinis): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Rou Cong Rong (Herba Cistanche): Collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Shechuang Zi (Fructus Cnidii): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae): Collected in the fifth lunar month and at Start of Autumn, dried in shade.
Xuan Hua (Flos Convolvuli): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Gegen (Radix Puerariae Lobatae): Collected in the fifth lunar month, sun-dried.
Suan Jiang (Calyx Physalis alkekengi): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Li Shi (Semen Phaseoli Radiati): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Da Xiao Ji (Herba Taraxaci / Herba Cirsii): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Hong Cao (Herba Persicariae Orientalls): Collected in the fifth lunar month for fruits.
Xuan Fu Hua (Capitulum Inulae): Collected in the fifth lunar month, sun-dried.
Yuan Wei (Rhizoma Iris Tectorii): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum): Collected in the fifth and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Lang Dang Zi (Semen Hyoscyami): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Shu Qi (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum / Specific preparation): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Ru Cao (Herba Siegesbeckiae): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Xu (Herba Polygoni Avicularis): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Sheng Qi (Resina Draconis): Collected after Summer Solstice.
Rui He (Nucleus Persicae / Specific nut): Collected in the fifth and sixth lunar months, sun-dried.
Song Luo (Lichen Usnea): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Wujia Pi (Cortex Acanthopanacis Senticosi): Stems collected in the fifth and seventh lunar months, roots in the tenth lunar month, dried in shade.
Mang Cao (Ramulus Illicii Anisati): Collected in the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Yuli Gen (Radix Pruni Spinosa): Collected in the fifth and sixth lunar months.
Luan Hua (Herba Siegesbeckiae / Specific herb): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Fupenzi (Fructus Rubi Chingii): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Mei Shi (Fructus Pruni Mume): Collected in the fifth lunar month, fire-dried.
Xing He Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum): Collected in the fifth lunar month.
Fan Lou (Rhizoma Polygonati): Collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Hu (Allium Sativum / Specific Allium): Collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Suan (Allium Sativum): Collected on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Qing Xiang (Flos Celosiae): Collected in the fifth lunar month; not recorded in Ben Cao.
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae): Collected in the sixth and eighth lunar months.
Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae): Collected in the sixth lunar month.
Rao Hua (Flos Kadsurae / Specific flower): Collected in the sixth lunar month, dried in shade.
Ye He Cao (Herba Unknown): Collected in summer, sun-dried.
Song Zhi (Resina Pini): Collected in the sixth lunar month.
Wu Mu Er (Fungus Auricularia): Collected in the sixth lunar month, sun-dried.
Shi Hu (Caulis Dendrobii): Collected in the seventh and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Ji Li Zi (Fructus Tribuli): Collected in the seventh and eighth lunar months, sun-dried.
Xuduan (Radix Dipsaci): Collected in the seventh and eighth lunar months, dried in shade.
Wei Xian (Herba Siegesbeckiae): Collected in the seventh lunar month.
Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae): Collected at Start of Autumn, dried in shade.
Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi): Collected at Start of Autumn, dried in shade.
Hai Zao (Thallus Laminariae / Thallus Eckloniae): Collected on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, sun-dried.
Lu Ying (Herba Ageratinae): Collected at Start of Autumn.
Jun Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae): Collected at Start of Autumn.
Huai Shi (Fructus Sophorae Japonicae): Collected on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month and Si days of the tenth lunar month.
Tao He Ren (Semen Persicae): Collected in the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Gua Di (Fructus Momordicae): Collected on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Shu Su (Herba Perillae): Collected in the seventh lunar month.
Ma (Semen Cannabis): Collected on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
Fu Bi (Herba Desmodii): Collected in the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Shi Shi (Fructus Yiohs): Collected in the eighth and ninth lunar months, sun-dried.
Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis): Fruits collected in the eighth lunar month, roots available anytime.
Difuzi (Fructus Kochiae): Collected in the eighth and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Lou Lu (Radix Echinops): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Ying Shi (Fructus Rosa Laevigatae): Collected in the eighth and ninth lunar months, dried in shade.
Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Bai Jiang (Radix Patriniae): Collected in the eighth lunar month.
Heng Shan (Rhizoma Dichroae): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Ya Zi (Fructus Evodiae / Specific fruit): Collected in the eighth lunar month, sun-dried.
She Han (Herba Omphalodis): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Jun (Fungus / Mushroom): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
You You (Fructus Viticis Negundo): Collected in the eighth and ninth lunar months.
Nu Qing (Fructus Viticis Negundo): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Mu Jing Shi (Fructus Viticis Negundo): Collected in the eighth and ninth lunar months, dried in shade.
Suan Zao (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Chu Shi (Fructus Broussonetiae): Collected in the eighth and ninth lunar months, sun-dried.
Qin Jiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli / Specific pepper): Collected in the eighth and ninth lunar months.
Wei Mao (Ramulus Euonymi): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Ba Dou (Semen Crotonis Tiglii): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Shu Jiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli Schinifolii): Collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade.
Lei Wan (Concretio Silicea Gastrodiae): Collected in the eighth lunar month, sun-dried.
Da Zao (Fructus Jujubae): Collected in the eighth lunar month, sun-dried.
Ou Shi (Rhizoma Nelumbinis): Collected in the eighth lunar month.
Ji Tou Shi (Fructus Nelumbinis): Collected in the eighth lunar month.
Bai Gua Zi (Semen Cucumeris): Collected in the eighth lunar month.
Tu Si Zi (Semen Cuscutae): Collected in the ninth lunar month, sun-dried.
Jin Cao (Herba Setariae): Collected in the ninth and tenth lunar months.
Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum): Collected in the ninth lunar month.
Song Shi (Strobilus Pini): Collected in the ninth lunar month, dried in shade.
Xin Yi (Flos Magnoliae): Collected in the ninth lunar month, sun-dried.
Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus): Collected in the ninth and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni): Collected in the ninth and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae): Collected on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, dried in shade.
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae): Collected in the ninth lunar month, sun-dried.
Zao Jia (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis): Collected in the ninth and tenth lunar months, dried in shade.
Li (Fructus Castaneae): Collected in the ninth lunar month.
Ren (Semen Perillae): Collected in the ninth lunar month, dried in shade.
Ma Zi (Semen Cannabis): Collected in the ninth lunar month.
Da Dou (Semen Sojae Preparatum): Collected in the ninth lunar month.
Zi (Specific seed): Collected in the tenth lunar month.
Jue Ming Zi (Semen Cassiae): Collected on the tenth day of the tenth lunar month, dried in shade for one hundred days.
Yun Shi (Fructus Caesalpiniae): Collected in the tenth lunar month, sun-dried.
Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae): Collected in the tenth lunar month, sun-dried.
Nv Zhen (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi): Collected at Start of Winter.
Ju You (Fructus Citri Reticulatae / Citrus Grandis): Collected in the tenth lunar month.
Kuan Dong Hua (Flos Farfarae): Collected in the eleventh lunar month, dried in shade.
Ji Ci (Spina Ziziphi / Thorn): Collected one hundred and twenty days after Winter Solstice.
Xian Shi (Semen Amarantri): Collected in the eleventh lunar month.
Ren Dong (Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae): Collected in the twelfth lunar month, dried in shade.
Da Ji (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis): Collected in the twelfth lunar month, dried in shade.
Mu Lan (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis): Collected in the twelfth lunar month, dried in shade.
Dong Kui Zi (Semen Malvae): Collected in the twelfth lunar month.
Bai Xian (Cortex Dictamni): Collected in the fourth and fifth lunar months, dried in shade.
Ting Li (Semen Lepidii / Semen Descurainiae): Collected after Start of Summer, dried in shade.
Treatise states: All medicines must be harvested at specific times. Drying in the shade or exposing to the sun endows them with potency. If harvested out of season, their utility is wasted, yielding no benefit. Students should harvest them promptly for use.