味苦，温，微寒，有大毒。主心痛寒热，结气积聚，伏梁，伤筋痿拘缓，利水道。除阴
下湿，风眩。生汉中山谷及冤句，二月八月采，阴干。
味苦甘，寒，有毒。主齿痛出虫，肉痹拘急，使人健行，见鬼。疗癫狂风痫，颠倒拘挛。
多食令人狂走。久服轻身，走及奔马，强志，益力，通神。一名横唐，一名行唐。生海滨川
谷及雍州，五月采子。
味辛，平，微温，有毒。主疟及咳逆寒热，腹中症坚痞结，积聚邪气，蛊毒鬼疰。疗胸
中邪结气，吐出之。生江林山川谷，及蜀汉中。常山苗也，五月采叶，阴干。
味苦辛，寒，微寒，有毒。主伤寒寒热，热发温疟，鬼毒，胸中痰结吐逆。疗鬼蛊，往
来水胀，洒洒恶寒，鼠 。一名互草。生益州川谷及汉中，八月采根阴干。
味苦，微寒，无毒。主邪气，皮肤中热，风瘙身痒，杀三虫，恶疮疥虱，痔蚀，下部
疮。子∶名草决明，疗唇口青。一名草蒿，一名萎蒿。生平谷道旁，三月采茎叶阴干，五月
六月采子。
味苦酸，寒，有毒。主邪气热气，疥瘙恶疡疮痔，去白虫。一名野狼牙，一名野狼齿
野狼子，一名犬牙。生淮南川谷及冤句，八月采根，曝干。中湿腐烂生衣者，杀人。
味苦甘，平，微寒，无毒。主痈肿疽疮，散结气，止痛，除热，目中赤，小儿惊痫，温
疟，女子阴中肿痛，下赤白，杀火毒。一名菟核，一名白草，一名白根，一名昆仑。生衡山
山谷，二月八月采根，曝干。
主治毒邪引起的红肿热痛。
味苦，性温而微寒，有大毒。主治心痛伴寒热往来，气机郁结形成的积聚，伏梁（腹内结块），筋脉受损导致的痿软、拘挛或弛缓，通利水道。消除阴部潮湿，治疗风邪眩晕。产于汉中山谷及冤句，二月和八月采收，阴干。
味苦甘，性寒，有毒。主治牙齿疼痛及虫蚀，肉痹（肌肉麻木拘急），使人行动敏捷，甚至出现幻觉见鬼。治疗癫狂、风痫，症状表现为突然昏倒、肢体拘挛抽搐。多食会导致人发狂奔走。长期服用可轻身健体，奔跑如马，增强意志，增加力气，通达神明。又名横唐，又名行唐。产于海滨川谷及雍州，五月采收种子。
味辛，性平而微温，有毒。主治疟疾及咳嗽气逆伴寒热，腹中坚硬痞块结聚，积聚邪气，蛊毒及鬼疰（一种传染性极强的疾病）。治疗胸中邪气结聚，使其吐出。产于江林山川谷及蜀汉中。是常山的幼苗，五月采收叶片，阴干。
味苦辛，性寒而微寒，有毒。主治伤寒引起的寒热，热盛引发的温疟，鬼毒，胸中痰饮结聚导致呕吐逆气。治疗鬼蛊病，往来性的水胀，洒洒然恶寒，鼠瘘（淋巴结结核）。又名互草。产于益州川谷及汉中，八月采收根部，阴干。
味苦，性微寒，无毒。主治邪气，皮肤中的热感，风疹瘙痒，杀灭三虫（蛔虫、蛲虫、绦虫等），治疗恶疮、疥癣虱病，痔疮蚀烂，下部疮疡。子实：名为草决明，治疗唇口青紫。又名草蒿，又名萎蒿。产于平原山谷道旁，三月采收茎叶阴干，五月至六月采收种子。
味苦酸，性寒，有毒。主治邪热气，疥癣恶疡疮痔，去除白虫（肠道寄生虫）。又名野狼牙，又名野狼齿，又名野狼子，又名犬牙。产于淮南川谷及冤句，八月采收根部，晒干。若因湿气腐烂长出菌衣者，会杀人。
味苦甘，性平而微寒，无毒。主治痈肿疽疮，消散结气，止痛，清热，治疗目赤，小儿惊痫，温疟，女子阴中肿痛，白带赤白，杀灭火毒。又名菟核，又名白草，又名白根，又名昆仑。产于衡山山谷，二月和八月采收根部，晒干。
Mainly treats toxic swelling with accumulated heat.
Bitter in taste, warm and slightly cold in nature, highly toxic. Mainly treats heart pain accompanied by alternating chills and fever, qi stagnation forming accumulations (masses), fuliang (abdominal masses), damage to tendons causing flaccidity, spasms or laxity, promotes urination. Eliminates dampness in the yin region, treats wind-induced vertigo. Grows in valleys of Hanzhong and Yuanju, harvested in February and August, dried in shade.
Bitter and sweet in taste, cold in nature, toxic. Mainly treats toothache caused by worms, flesh bi (numbness and stiffness of muscles), enables agile walking, may cause hallucinations of seeing ghosts. Treats mania, wind-phthisis, presenting as sudden collapse and limb spasms. Excessive consumption causes people to run wildly. Long-term use lightens the body, enables running as fast as a galloping horse, strengthens willpower, increases strength, and enhances spiritual clarity. Also known as Hengtang, also known as Xingtang. Grows in coastal valleys and Yongzhou, seeds harvested in May.
Pungent in taste, neutral and slightly warm in nature, toxic. Mainly treats malaria and cough with rebellious qi accompanied by chills and fever, hard nodules and痞结 (obstructions) in the abdomen, accumulation of pathogenic factors, gu poison (parasitic disease) and guizhu (highly contagious wasting disease). Treats pathogenic qi obstruction in the chest, inducing vomiting to expel it. Grows in riverine forests, mountain valleys, and Shu-Hanzhong. It is the seedling of Changshan (Dichroa febrifuga), leaves harvested in May, dried in shade.
Bitter and pungent in taste, cold and slightly cold in nature, toxic. Mainly treats chills and fever from shanghan (cold damage), warm malaria triggered by heat, ghost toxins, phlegm obstruction in the chest leading to vomiting and reflux. Treats gu蛊 diseases, intermittent water distension, aversion to cold with shivering, shulou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis). Also known as Hucao. Grows in Yizhou valleys and Hanzhong, roots harvested in August, dried in shade.
Bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats pathogenic factors, heat in the skin, wind-rash with itching, kills three types of parasites (roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms), treats malignant sores, scabies, lice, hemorrhoid erosion, and lower body ulcers. Seeds: named Caojueming (Cassiae Semen), treats cyanosis of lips and mouth. Also known as Caohao, also known as Weihao. Grows beside paths in plains and valleys, stems and leaves harvested in March, dried in shade; seeds harvested in May and June.
Bitter and sour in taste, cold in nature, toxic. Mainly treats pathogenic heat, scabies, malignant sores, ulcers, and hemorrhoids, removes white worms (intestinal parasites). Also known as Yelangya, also known as Yelangchi, also known as Yelangzi, also known as Canya. Grows in Huainan valleys and Yuanju, roots harvested in August, sun-dried. If rotted by dampness and covered with fungal growth, it is lethal.
Bitter and sweet in taste, neutral and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats carbuncles, sores, and ulcers, dissipates qi stagnation, relieves pain, clears heat, treats red eyes, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, warm malaria, swelling and pain in the female vagina, leukorrhea with blood, kills fire toxins. Also known as Tuhé, also known as Baicao, also known as Baigen, also known as Kunlun. Grows in Hengshan valleys, roots harvested in February and August, sun-dried.