烦为烦扰。躁为躁愦。皆为热证。然烦有虚烦。躁有阴躁。古人所谓阴极发躁。
五六日不大便。或心下硬而烦躁者。治用大柴胡汤。或调胃承气汤。（方并见前）
大热干呕。呻吟错语不得眠。治用黄连解毒汤。（方见前）
烦躁发热。胸中烦闷。或已经汗解。内耗。胸中烦满。其证不虚不实。治用三黄泻心汤、或用
竹叶石膏汤治之。
【活人书三黄泻心汤】
大黄 黄连（各二两） 黄芩（一两）
上锉。每服一两。百沸汤二大盏。热渍之。停一时久。绞去渣。暖动分二服。
【仲景竹叶石膏汤】
石膏（一斤） 半夏（二两半） 甘草（炙。二两） 人参（三两） 麦门冬（五两半）
上锉。每服五钱。水二盏。入淡竹叶。生姜各五片。煎至一盏半。去渣。入粳米百余粒。再
煎。候米熟。去米温服。不计时。
手足冷或身微热。脉皆沉细微弱而烦躁者。治用四逆汤加葱白。（方见前）○或白通加猪胆汁
汤。（方见前）○或用人参三白汤加竹茹。或无忧散。上四方选而用之。
【人参三白汤加竹茹】
白术 白芍药 白茯苓（各一两） 人参（二两）
竹茹（一两）
上锉。每服五钱。水二盏。生姜三片。煎八分。去渣。温服。
【三因无忧散】
以天南星为末。入腊月黄牛胆中。缚令紧。悬于当风避日处。候干为末。用人参半两。煎汤七分
盏。调末二钱。乘热服之。迟少时。更以热人参汤投之。或入辰砂细末亦可。
烦，是指内心的烦乱不安。躁，是指身体的躁动不宁。这两种表现通常都属于热证。然而，烦有虚烦之分，躁有阴躁之别。古人所说的“阴极发躁”，指的就是这种情况。
如果五六天没有大便，或者心下部硬满且伴有烦躁，治疗应使用大柴胡汤，或者调胃承气汤。（方剂见前文）
如果高热、干呕、呻吟、胡言乱语且无法入睡，治疗应使用黄连解毒汤。（方剂见前文）
如果烦躁发热，胸中烦闷，或者已经经过发汗解表，但体内津液耗伤，导致胸中烦满。这种证候既不属于虚证，也不属于实证，治疗应使用三黄泻心汤，或者用竹叶石膏汤治疗。
【《活人书》中的三黄泻心汤】
大黄、黄连（各二两）、黄芩（一两）。
将药材切碎。每次服用一两，用两大盏刚烧开的沸水浸泡。放置一段时间，过滤去渣，温服，分两次喝完。
【张仲景的竹叶石膏汤】
石膏（一斤）、半夏（二两半）、甘草（炙，二两）、人参（三两）、麦门冬（五两半）。
将药材切碎。每次服用五钱，加水两盏，放入淡竹叶和生姜各五片，煎煮至一盏半，过滤去渣，加入粳米一百多粒，再次煎煮，等到米熟，去掉米粒，温服，不限时间。
如果手足冰冷或身体微热，脉象沉细微弱且伴有烦躁，治疗应使用四逆汤加葱白。（方剂见前文）○或者使用白通加猪胆汁汤。（方剂见前文）○或者使用人参三白汤加竹茹，或者使用无忧散。以上四方，根据情况选择其中一方使用。
【人参三白汤加竹茹】
白术、白芍药、白茯苓（各一两）、人参（二两）、竹茹（一两）。
将药材切碎。每次服用五钱，加水两盏，生姜三片，煎煮至八分满，过滤去渣，温服。
【《三因方》中的无忧散】
将天南星研成粉末，放入腊月里黄牛胆中，扎紧，悬挂在通风避光处，待干燥后研成粉末。取人参半两，煎汤七分盏，用药末二钱调匀，趁热服用。过一会儿，再用热的人参汤送服。也可以加入辰砂细末。
Fan (irritability) refers to inner mental restlessness. Zao (restlessness) refers to physical agitation. Both manifestations generally belong to heat syndromes. However, Fan can be of the deficiency type (Xu Fan), and Zao can be of the Yin type (Yin Zao). What the ancients referred to as "extreme Yin generating false Yang leading to restlessness" describes this specific condition.
If there is no bowel movement for five or six days, or if there is hardness in the epigastrium accompanied by irritability and restlessness, treatment should employ Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) or Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction). (Formulas see previous text.)
If there is high fever, dry heaving, groaning, delirious speech, and inability to sleep, treatment should employ Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Decoction for Resolving Toxicity). (Formula see previous text.)
If there is irritability, restlessness, and fever, with chest oppression and stifling sensation, or if sweating has already been applied to resolve the exterior but internal fluids are consumed leading to chest fullness and stifling sensation. This syndrome is neither deficiency nor excess; treatment should employ San Huang Xie Xin Tang (Three Yellows Decoction to Drain the Heart) or Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction).
[San Huang Xie Xin Tang from *Ren Shu*]
Da Huang (Rhubarb Rhizome), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) (each 2 liang), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) (1 liang).
Cut the herbs into small pieces. For each dose of 1 liang, steep in two large cups of boiling water. Let stand for a period of time, strain off the dregs, and take warm, divided into two doses.
[Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang from Zhang Zhongjing]
Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (1 jin), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber) (2.5 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, prepared) (2 liang), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (3 liang), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) (5.5 liang).
Cut the herbs into small pieces. For each dose of 5 qian, add 2 cups of water, along with 5 slices of Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatherum Herb) and 5 slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until 1.5 cups remain, strain off the dregs, add over 100 grains of Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa Germ), and decoct again until the rice is cooked. Remove the rice and take warm, at any time.
If the hands and feet are cold or there is slight fever, with a pulse that is deep, fine, weak, and accompanied by irritability and restlessness, treatment should employ Si Ni Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) added with Cong Bai (Allium Fistulosum Stem Base). (Formula see previous text.) ○ Or use Bai Tong Jia Zhu Dan Jiang Tang (White Scallion Decoction with Pig Gallbladder Bile). (Formula see previous text.) ○ Or use Ren Shen San Bai Tang (Ginseng Three Whites Decoction) added with Zhu Ru (Bambusa Textilis Caulis), or Wu You San (Worry-Free Powder). Select one of these four formulas for use.
[Ren Shen San Bai Tang Added with Zhu Ru]
Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Bai Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Bai Fu Ling (Poria) (each 1 liang), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (2 liang), Zhu Ru (Bambusa Textilis Caulis) (1 liang).
Cut the herbs into small pieces. For each dose of 5 qian, add 2 cups of water and 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until 8/10 remains, strain off the dregs, and take warm.
[Wu You San from *San Yin Fang*]
Grind Tian Nan Xing (Arisaema Cum Bile) into powder. Place it inside the gallbladder of a yellow ox slaughtered in the twelfth lunar month. Tie tightly and hang in a place that is ventilated but shielded from direct sunlight. When dry, grind into powder. Take 0.5 liang of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), decoct in water to make 0.7 cup of liquid. Mix with 2 qian of the powder and take while hot. A short while later, administer more hot Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) decoction to follow. Fine powder of Chen Sha (Cinnabar) may also be added.