东垣曰∶夫眼生倒睫拳毛者，两目紧急，皮缩之所致也。盖内复热，则阴气外行，当去
其内热并火邪，眼皮缓则眼毛立出，翳膜亦退，用手法攀出内睑向外，速以三棱针出血，以
左手爪甲迎其针锋立愈。
目眶岁久赤烂，俗呼为赤瞎是也。当以三棱针刺目眶外，以泻湿热而愈。
按∶以上所论，可谓深达病情。然是证亦多是血热阴虚火动所致。盖血所以滋经脉、养
毛发者也。故当外治以泻其瘀热，内治以杜绝其源可也。
东垣曰∶能远视不能近视者，阳气不足，阴气有余也，乃气虚而血盛也。血盛者，阴火
有余；气虚者，气弱也。此老人桑榆之象也。能近视不能远视者，阳气有余，阴气不足也，
乃血虚气盛。血虚气盛者，皆火有余，元气不足。火者，元气、谷气、真气之贼也。元气来
也徐而和，细细如线；邪气来也紧而强，如巨川之水不可遏。
谨按∶阳气者，犹日火也；阴气者，金水也。先儒所谓金水内明而外暗，日火内暗而外
明者也。然人目眼，备脏腑五行精华，相资而神明，故能视，即此理之常也。虽经曰目得血
而能视，殊不言气者，盖血得气为水火之交，而能神明之也。否则阴虚不能远视，阳乏不能
视近，是为老人桑榆之渐。然学人于目病能求诸此，则思过半矣。
李东垣说：眼睛出现倒睫和拳毛（睫毛向内卷曲刺眼）的情况，是由于双眼眼睑紧绷、皮肤收缩所导致的。这是因为体内有热，导致阴气外行，应当清除体内的热邪和火邪，眼皮松弛后，睫毛就会自然直立伸出，翳膜也会消退。治疗时可用手法将内眼睑向外翻起，迅速用三棱针刺破出血，并用左手指甲按住针尖处，即可立即痊愈。
眼眶长期红肿溃烂，俗称“赤瞎”。应当用三棱针刺破眼眶外部，以泻除湿热而痊愈。
按语：以上论述，可以说深刻洞察了病情。然而这种病症也多是由血热、阴虚导致虚火上炎所引起的。血液是用来滋养经脉、濡养毛发的。因此，应当采用外治法来泻除瘀滞之热，采用内治法来杜绝病源，就可以了。
李东垣说：能够看清远处而不能看清近处的人，是阳气不足、阴气有余的表现，也就是气虚而血盛。血盛意味着阴火有余；气虚意味着气弱。这是老年人如同夕阳西下般的生理现象。能够看清近处而不能看清远处的人，是阳气有余、阴气不足的表现，也就是血虚而气盛。血虚气盛的人，都是火有余而元气不足。火，是元气、谷气、真气的贼害者。元气到来时缓慢而平和，细细如线；邪气到来时紧迫而强劲，像大河之水不可遏制。
谨按：阳气，就像太阳之火；阴气，就像金和水。先儒所说的金水内部明亮而外部昏暗，太阳之火内部昏暗而外部明亮的道理正是如此。然而人的眼睛，具备脏腑五行精华，相互资助而产生视觉神明功能，所以能看见事物，这是常理。虽然《内经》说“目得血而能视”，并没有特别强调气的作用，这是因为血得到气的推动才能形成水火既济的状态，从而产生视觉神明功能。否则，阴虚就不能看清远处，阳乏就不能看清近处，这就是老年人视力逐渐衰退的过程。然而学习中医的人在诊治眼病时如果能探究到这一层道理，那么对眼病的理解就超过一半了。
Li Dongyuan stated: The condition of inverted eyelashes and curled lashes (lashes curling inward to irritate the eye) is caused by tension in both eyes and contraction of the skin. This occurs because internal heat causes Yin Qi to move outward. One should eliminate the internal heat and pathogenic fire; once the eyelids relax, the lashes will stand upright and emerge, and nebulae (opacities on the cornea or lens) will also recede. Treatment involves manually pulling the inner eyelid outward, rapidly pricking for bloodletting with a three-edged needle, and immediately pressing the needle tip with the fingernail of the left hand to achieve instant cure.
Chronic redness and ulceration of the eye socket, commonly known as "Chi Xia" (Red Blindness), should be treated by pricking the exterior of the eye socket with a three-edged needle to drain damp-heat and restore health.
Commentary: The above discussion can be said to deeply penetrate the nature of the disease. However, this syndrome is mostly caused by blood heat and Yin deficiency leading to hyperactive deficient fire. Blood serves to nourish the meridians and nourish hair/follicles. Therefore, external treatment should be used to drain stasis-heat, and internal treatment should be employed to cut off the source, which is appropriate.
Li Dongyuan stated: Those who can see far but not near suffer from insufficient Yang Qi and excess Yin Qi, which is a state of Qi deficiency and blood abundance. Blood abundance implies excess Yin fire; Qi deficiency implies weak Qi. This is a physiological phenomenon resembling the setting sun in the evening of an old person's life. Those who can see near but not far suffer from excess Yang Qi and insufficient Yin Qi, which is a state of blood deficiency and Qi abundance. In cases of blood deficiency and Qi abundance, there is excessive fire and insufficient Yuan Qi (Original Qi). Fire is the thief/harmful agent of Yuan Qi, Gu Qi (Grain Qi), and Zhen Qi (True Qi). When Yuan Qi arrives, it is slow and harmonious, fine like a thread; when pathogenic Qi arrives, it is tight and strong, like the water of a great river that cannot be restrained.
Respectfully noted: Yang Qi is like the fire of the sun; Yin Qi is like metal and water. As the early Confucian scholars described, metal and water are bright internally and dark externally, while the sun's fire is dark internally and bright externally. However, human eyes possess the essence of the Five Elements of the Zang-Fu organs, mutually supporting each other to generate visual clarity and spiritual function, thus enabling vision; this is the normal principle. Although the *Classic* states "The eyes can see when they receive blood," it does not specifically mention Qi. This is because blood, receiving the guidance of Qi, forms the intersection of Water and Fire, thereby enabling spiritual visual function. Otherwise, Yin deficiency prevents seeing far, and Yang insufficiency prevents seeing near, marking the gradual decline of vision in the elderly. However, if students of medicine can seek the root of eye diseases in these principles, their understanding will have progressed more than halfway.