麻症之干咳，连声不断也，因火旺肺跃。凡疹先时喜咳，咳甚则毛窍开而易透，咳微
则腠理闭而难透，故方出之时欲其咳。至既出之后，欲其不咳为佳，如仍有咳，当以清
痰降火为要。若初起时不咳，麻必不出，于发散中加半夏，以助其嗽，使麻可出。
鼻通多涕，此肺气顺也，最吉。故初出时至没后，而皆有是者，此肺气和平而不阻
塞，顺症也，不必服药。今云多涕，谓浓涕而时有也，非谓涕少而暂有，临症者宜推之。
若无涕鼻干，肺腑火热，闭塞毛窍不通，初出未出时，得此必重。又有内为热甚外为鼻
眵所结，至于无涕，云其眵结而涕自见，是肺气通。虽重可救。如真有鼻干无涕，此症
甚危，亦轻没后，治宜详审。若下药得喷嚏，肺气得解而通也。将出未出之时，必先外感，
而今得通故也，其毒虽重可救。正出而得此症，其毒尽解，又何后患？又有衄血者，因
内热狂盛，邪血沸腾，血从火化，是以从肺而上溢于鼻，名曰衄血。将出未出之时，而
忽有衄，是毒从衄解，不必服药。至于久衄不可，若出透与没后有此症者，宜于清肺药
中佐以凉血之味，使火退而衄止。如并口中有血者，服凉剂不止，惟用发散，使毒得出，
而衄自止矣。又有名为鼻扇者，是肺气将绝也。喘满喉鸣，多属于痰，因火毒内结而亢
甚，若喉中无痰喘，精神如故，还可挽救，急用润肺消痰清热为主，否则难治。
麻疹引起的干咳，表现为连续不断的声音，这是因为火势旺盛导致肺气上逆。凡是出疹子之前喜欢咳嗽，咳嗽剧烈则毛孔张开，疹子容易透发；咳嗽轻微则腠理闭塞，疹子难以透发，所以在疹子刚发出时，希望患者能够咳嗽。等到疹子完全发出之后，以不咳嗽为佳，如果仍然咳嗽，治疗应以清化痰热、降火为主要原则。如果在发病初期没有咳嗽，麻疹必然无法透出，此时应在发散药中加入半夏，以辅助引发咳嗽，促使麻疹透出。
鼻窍通畅且鼻涕多，这是肺气顺行的表现，最为吉利。所以从疹子初出到消退期间，一直有鼻涕的，说明肺气平和且无阻塞，属于顺症，不需要服药。文中所说的“多涕”，是指浓稠的鼻涕时有出现，并不是指鼻涕少而暂时出现，临证时需要仔细推究。如果没有鼻涕且鼻子干燥，这是肺腑火热，闭塞毛孔导致不通，在疹子初出或未出时出现这种情况，病情必然严重。又有因体内热盛，外部被鼻屎（眵）结住，导致没有鼻涕的情况，如果认为鼻屎结住后鼻涕自然会出现，这说明肺气是通的，虽然病情重但可救治。如果是真正的鼻子干燥没有鼻涕，这种病症非常危险，即使在疹子消退后出现，治疗也应详细审慎。如果使用下药后能打喷嚏，说明肺气得解而通畅。在疹子将出未出之时，必定先有外感，如今得以通畅，是因为这个原因，其毒邪虽然重但可救治。在疹子正出时出现这种情况，说明毒邪已尽解，又有什么后患呢？又有出现鼻衄（鼻出血）的，是因为内热狂盛，邪血沸腾，血液随火化而上溢于鼻，称为鼻衄。在疹子将出未出之时，忽然出现鼻衄，这是毒邪通过鼻衄排出，不必服药。至于长期鼻衄则不行，如果疹子已透发或消退后出现此症，宜在清肺药中佐以凉血的药物，使火退而鼻衄停止。如果同时伴有口中出血，服用凉剂不止血，只能用发散法，使毒邪外出，鼻衄自然会停止。又有名为“鼻扇”（鼻孔煽动）的，这是肺气即将衰竭的表现。气喘胸闷喉间鸣响，多属于痰湿，因火毒内结而亢盛至极，如果喉中没有痰喘，精神如常，还可以挽救，急用润肺消痰清热为主治法，否则难以治疗。
The dry cough caused by measles manifests as continuous, unbroken sounds, resulting from excessive fire causing lung qi to rebel upwards. Generally, before the eruption of rashes, a preference for coughing is observed; severe coughing opens the hair follicles (pores), facilitating the emergence of rashes, while mild coughing closes the interstices (cou li), making it difficult for rashes to emerge. Therefore, at the initial stage of rash eruption, coughing is desired. After the rashes have fully emerged, it is ideal for the patient not to cough; if coughing persists, the treatment should focus on clearing phlegm and descending fire. If there is no cough at the onset, the measles will likely fail to emerge; in this case, Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) should be added to dispersing formulas to assist in inducing cough, thereby promoting the emergence of measles.
Clear nasal passages with abundant nasal discharge indicate smooth lung qi, which is highly auspicious. Thus, from the initial appearance of rashes until their disappearance, the presence of such discharge indicates harmonious lung qi without obstruction, constituting a favorable course (Shun Zheng), requiring no medication. The term "abundant discharge" here refers to thick nasal mucus appearing intermittently, not scanty or transient discharge; clinicians must discern this carefully. Absence of nasal discharge accompanied by a dry nose indicates internal heat in the lungs and bowels, blocking the pores and causing obstruction; if this occurs during the pre-eruption or early eruption phase, the condition will inevitably be severe. Another scenario involves intense internal heat combined with external crusting of nasal discharge (chi), leading to an absence of liquid discharge. If one assumes that once the crusts are cleared, discharge will naturally appear, it indicates patent lung qi; although the condition is severe, it is treatable. However, true nasal dryness with no discharge signifies a critical condition. Even if it appears after the rashes have faded, treatment requires careful deliberation. Induction of sneezing through purgative methods indicates the resolution and patency of lung qi. During the pre-eruption phase, an external pathogenic factor is invariably present; the current patency explains why, despite heavy toxicity, the condition is salvageable. If this occurs during the active eruption phase, it implies the toxin has been completely resolved, posing no further risk. Epistaxis (nosebleed) may occur due to rampant internal heat causing turbulent blood flow, where blood transforms under fire's influence and overflows from the lungs into the nose, termed epistaxis. Sudden epistaxis during the pre-eruption phase indicates the release of toxins through bleeding, requiring no medication. However, prolonged epistaxis is inadvisable. If epistaxis occurs after the rashes have fully erupted or faded, cooling-blood herbs should be added to lung-clearing prescriptions to extinguish fire and stop bleeding. If oral bleeding accompanies epistaxis and does not cease with cooling agents, dispersing methods should be employed to expel toxins, after which epistaxis will naturally stop. "Nasal flaring" (Bi Shan), characterized by the flapping of nostrils, indicates impending exhaustion of lung qi. Wheezing, chest fullness, and barking sounds in the throat are mostly attributable to phlegm, arising from extreme hyperactivity due to internal accumulation of fire-toxin. If there is no wheezing with phlegm in the throat and mental status remains normal, rescue is possible; urgent treatment should prioritize moistening the lungs, eliminating phlegm, and clearing heat. Otherwise, the condition is difficult to treat.