妇人 瘕之病，多由七情不节，所伤饮食，寒温不调，气血劳伤，脏腑虚弱，凝滞不通而
成瘕。 者，征也，脏气结聚，推之不移，病形可验，故曰 。瘕者，假也，结聚浮假而痛，
推迁乃动，故曰瘕。其发动腹痛，气壅结滞于胞铬，则月经不行，久则成 瘕之疾也。
干漆散 治妇人经脉不通，久则成瘕，两胁烦闷，心腹疼痛，黄瘦。
干漆 木香 芫花（醋炒） 赤芍药 桂心 当归 川芎 琥珀（各半两） 大黄 牛膝（三钱）
桃仁（一两） 麝香（一分）
上为细末，每服一钱，无时温酒调下。
巴豆丸 治妇人血气疼痛，一切 瘕。
巴豆仁（去心，醋煮一分） 大黄（炒，一两） 五灵脂 桃仁（各三钱） 木香（半两）
为末，炼蜜丸，绿豆大，空心，淡醋汤或酒下五丸。
（《良方》）黑神丸 治前证。
神曲 茴香（各四两） 木香 花椒（炒，去汗） 丁香（各半两） 槟榔（四枚）
干漆（六两，半生半用重汤煮半日，炒令香）
上除椒、漆，余五味皆半生半炒为细末，用煎生熟漆和丸如弹子大，别用茴香末十二两，
铺阴地荫干。候外干，并茴香末收器中，待极干去茴香，大治肾气、小肠疝气、膀胱 癖、五膈、
血崩、产后诸血漏下，并以一丸分四服。死胎用绵灰酒调一丸；难产用炒葵子四十九粒，打碎，
煎酒下一丸。诸疾不过三服， 气
十服，膈气 瘕五服，血瘕三服瘥。
大硝石丸 治妇人七 八瘕，结聚痞块，及妇人带下绝产，腹中有 瘕者，当先以此药下
之。此药虽下，但去 瘕，不令人困。
硝石（三两） 大黄（四两） 人参 甘草（各一两）
上为末，以三年苦酒三升，置铜石器中，先纳大黄，微火熬数沸，常搅不住，至七分。
内余药复熬成膏，至可丸即丸，如梧桐子大。每服三十丸，米饮下，三日用一服。妇人服此，或
下鸡肝块，或下米泔、赤黑等物二、三升，病即愈。忌风冷、生物、房事。
（《本事》）桃仁煎 治妇人血瘕血积，经候不通。
桃仁 大黄（各一两） 虻虫（炒黑，半两。） 净朴硝（一两）
上四味为末，以醇醋二升半，银石器中慢火熬取一升五合，下大黄、虻虫、桃仁等，不住
手搅，欲下手丸。下朴硝，更不住手搅，良久出之，丸如梧桐子大。前一日不用晚饭，五更初用
温酒吞下五丸，日午取下如赤豆汁，或如鸡肝、虾蟆之状。未下再服，如鲜血来即止，续以调血
气药补之。
蟠葱散 治妇人脾胃虚冷，气滞不行，攻刺心腹，痛连胸膈胁肋，膀胱、小肠疝气及血
气瘕。（方见气门。）
穿山甲散 治妇人 瘕痞块，及恶血攻心，胁腹疼痛，面无颜色，四肢瘦弱。
穿山甲（灰炒燥） 鳖甲（醋炙） 赤芍药 大黄（炒） 干漆（炒令烟尽） 桂心（各一两）
川芎 芫花（醋炒） 当归（各半两） 麝香（一分）
上为细末，入麝香停匀。每服一钱，热酒下，无时。
蓬莪术丸 治妇人 瘕痞块，腹胁妨疼，令人体瘦，不思饮食。
莪术（半两） 当归 桂心 赤芍药 槟榔 枳壳 木香 昆布 琥珀（各三钱） 桃仁
鳖甲 大黄（各一两）
上为末，炼蜜丸、梧桐子大，每服二十丸，食前米饮下。
（《选奇》）三棱煎 治妇人血 、血瘕、食积痰滞。
三棱 莪术（各二两） 青皮 半夏（制） 麦芽（炒。各一两）
上用好醋六升煮干，焙为末，醋糊丸，梧桐子大，每服三十丸，多至五十丸，淡醋汤下，
痰积姜汤下。
【妇人瘕病】
妇女的瘕病，多由七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）失调，饮食损伤，寒温不调，气血劳损，脏腑虚弱，导致气机凝滞不通而形成瘕。
“寢”（qǐn），即征象之意，指脏气结聚，推之不移，病形可验，所以称为“寢”。
“瘕”（jiǎ），即假借之意，指结聚浮泛不实而疼痛，推之可移动，所以称为“瘕”。
其发作时腹痛，气机壅结滞塞于胞宫（子宫），则月经不行，日久则形成寢瘕之疾。
干漆散：治疗妇女经脉不通，日久形成寢瘕，两胁烦闷，心腹疼痛，面色萎黄消瘦。
药材组成：干漆、木香、芫花（醋炒）、赤芍药、桂心、当归、川芎、琥珀（各半两），大黄、牛膝（各三钱），桃仁（一两），麝香（一分）。
制法与用法：以上药物研为细末，每次服用一钱，不拘时候，用温酒调服。
巴豆丸：治疗妇女血气疼痛，一切寢瘕。
药材组成：巴豆仁（去心，醋煮一分），大黄（炒，一两），五灵脂、桃仁（各三钱），木香（半两）。
制法与用法：研为细末，炼蜜为丸，如绿豆大，空腹时，用淡醋汤或酒送服五丸。
（出自《良方》）黑神丸：治疗上述证候。
药材组成：神曲、茴香（各四两），木香、花椒（炒，去汗）、丁香（各半两），槟榔（四枚），干漆（六两，一半生用，一半用重汤煮半天，炒至香）。
制法与用法：除去花椒和干漆，其余五味药皆半生半炒，研为细末，用煎煮过的生漆和熟漆混合，制成如弹子大的丸剂。另取十二两茴香末，铺在阴凉处阴干。待外层干燥后，连同茴香末一起装入容器中，等待极干后去掉茴香。此药大治肾气痛、小肠疝气、膀胱癖积、五膈气、血崩、产后各种漏下出血等症，均将一丸分四次服用。死胎用绵灰调酒送服一丸；难产用炒葵子四十九粒，打碎，煎酒送服一丸。各种疾病不过三服即可痊愈，疝气十服，膈气寢瘕五服，血瘕三服即愈。
大硝石丸：治疗妇女七瘕八瘕，结聚痞块，以及妇女带下绝育，腹中有寢瘕者，应当先用此药攻下。此药虽能攻下，但只去除寢瘕，不使人困倦虚弱。
药材组成：硝石（三两），大黄（四两），人参、甘草（各一两）。
制法与用法：研为细末，用三年陈醋三升，放入铜器或石器中，先放入大黄，用微火熬煮数沸，经常搅拌不停，煮至七分量。加入其余药物继续熬成膏状，到可以丸药的程度即制成丸剂，如梧桐子大。每次服用三十丸，米饮送下，三天服用一次。妇女服用此药，或排出鸡肝状的块物，或排出米泔水样、赤黑色等物质二、三升，病即痊愈。忌食风冷、生冷食物及房事。
（出自《本事方》）桃仁煎：治疗妇女血瘕血积，经候不通。
药材组成：桃仁、大黄（各一两），虻虫（炒黑，半两），净朴硝（一两）。
制法与用法：以上四味药研为细末，用醇醋二升半，在银器或石器中慢火熬取一升五合，加入大黄、虻虫、桃仁等，不停地搅拌，准备用手捏丸。加入朴硝，更不停地搅拌，良久取出，制成如梧桐子大的丸剂。前一日晚上不吃晚饭，五更初用温酒吞服五丸，中午排出如赤豆汁样的东西，或如鸡肝、虾蟆形状的物质。未排出再服，如见鲜血来即停止服药，随后用调理气血的药物补益。
蟠葱散：治疗妇女脾胃虚冷，气滞不行，攻刺心腹，痛连胸膈胁肋，膀胱、小肠疝气及血气寢。（方剂见气门篇。）
穿山甲散：治疗妇女寢瘕痞块，以及恶血攻心，胁腹疼痛，面无血色，四肢瘦弱。
药材组成：穿山甲（灰炒燥）、鳖甲（醋炙）、赤芍药、大黄（炒）、干漆（炒令烟尽）、桂心（各一两），川芎、芫花（醋炒）、当归（各半两），麝香（一分）。
制法与用法：研为细末，加入麝香拌匀。每次服用一钱，热酒送服，不拘时候。
蓬莪术丸：治疗妇女寢瘕痞块，腹胁妨疼，令人体瘦，不思饮食。
药材组成：莪术（半两），当归、桂心、赤芍药、槟榔、枳壳、木香、昆布、琥珀（各三钱），桃仁、鳖甲、大黄（各一两）。
制法与用法：研为细末，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大，每次服用二十丸，饭前米饮送下。
（出自《选奇方》）三棱煎：治疗妇女血瘀、血瘕、食积痰滞。
药材组成：三棱、莪术（各二两），青皮、半夏（制）、麦芽（炒，各一两）。
制法与用法：用好醋六升煮干，焙干研为细末，醋糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每次服用三十丸，多至五十丸，淡醋汤送下，痰积用姜汤送下。
[Women's Zha Disease]
The disease of Zha (masses) in women is mostly caused by the imbalance of the seven emotions (joy, anger, worry, thought, sorrow, fear, and fright), dietary injury, improper regulation of cold and warmth, fatigue and damage to Qi and Blood, weakness of the Zang-Fu organs, leading to stagnation and obstruction of Qi mechanism, resulting in Zha.
"Qin" refers to a fixed mass; it indicates that the Qi of the Zang organs has aggregated, cannot be pushed away, and its pathological form can be verified, hence it is called "Qin".
"Zha" refers to a temporary or false mass; it indicates an aggregation that is floating and insubstantial with pain, which moves when pushed, hence it is called "Zha".
When it attacks, causing abdominal pain, Qi mechanism becomes congested and stagnant in the Bao Gong (uterus), leading to amenorrhea. Over time, this develops into the disease of Qin-Zha masses.
Ganxi San (Dry Lacquer Powder): Treats women with obstructed meridians and channels, which over time form Qin-Zha masses, accompanied by vexation and stuffiness in both hypochondria, pain in the heart and abdomen, and sallow, emaciated complexion.
Ingredients: Ganxi (Dry Lacquer), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos, stir-fried with vinegar), Chishao Yao (Red Peony Root), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Hupo (Amber) (each 0.5 liang); Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) (each 3 qian); Taoren (Persicae Semen) (1 liang); Shexiang (Musk) (1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into a fine powder. Take 1 qian each time, at any time, mixed with warm wine for administration.
Badou Wan (Croton Seed Pill): Treats blood-Qi pain in women and all types of Qin-Zha masses.
Ingredients: Badou Ren (Crotonis Fructus Semen, remove heart, boil in vinegar, 1 fen); Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried, 1 liang); Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Faeces), Taoren (Persicae Semen) (each 3 qian); Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) (0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of mung beans. Take 5 pills on an empty stomach, administered with light vinegar water or wine.
(From *Liangfang*) Heishen Wan (Black Divine Pill): Treats the aforementioned conditions.
Ingredients: Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus) (each 4 liang); Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Huajiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, stir-fried to remove oil/sweat), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) (each 0.5 liang); Binglang (Arecae Semen) (4 pieces); Ganxi (Dry Lacquer) (6 liang, half raw, half boiled in heavy decoction for half a day, then stir-fried until fragrant).
Preparation and Administration: Remove Huajiao and Ganxi. The remaining five herbs are half-raw and half-stir-fried, then ground into a fine powder. Mix with decocted raw and cooked lacquer to form pills the size of quail eggs. Separately, spread 12 liang of Huixiang powder on a shady place to dry naturally. When the surface is dry, store the pills together with the Huixiang powder in a container. Wait until completely dry, then remove the Huixiang powder. This pill greatly treats Kidney Qi pain, Xiao Chang hernia, Pang Guang pi accumulation, Wu Ge Qi (Five Obstructive Qi), Xue Beng (metrorrhagia), and various postpartum bleeding syndromes. Administer one pill divided into four doses. For retained dead fetus, administer one pill mixed with cotton ash and wine. For difficult labor, crush 49 fried Kuaizi (Abelmoschi Semen), decoct in wine, and administer one pill. Various diseases resolve within three doses; hernia within ten doses; Ge Qi and Qin-Zha within five doses; Xue Zha (blood masses) within three doses.
Da Xiaoshi Wan (Large Niter Pill): Treats women's Seven Zha and Eight Zha, aggregated痞块 (痞块: palpable abdominal masses), as well as leukorrhea leading to infertility in women, or those with Qin-Zha masses in the abdomen. One should first use this medicine to purge them. Although this medicine purges, it only removes the Qin-Zha without causing debility.
Ingredients: Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas) (3 liang); Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (4 liang); Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder. Place 3 sheng of three-year-old Ku Jiu (aged vinegar) in a copper or stone vessel. First add Dahuang, simmer gently over low heat for several boils, stirring constantly, until reduced to 7/10 volume. Add the remaining medicines and continue boiling into a paste. When ready to form pills, shape them the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills each time, washed down with rice drink. Take once every three days. Women taking this may pass clots resembling chicken liver, or rice-water-like fluids, or red-black substances totaling two or three sheng, after which the disease resolves. Avoid wind-cold, raw/cold foods, and sexual intercourse.
(From *Benshi Fang*) Tao Ren Jian (Peach Kernel Decoction/Paste): Treats women's Xue Zha (blood masses) and blood accumulation, with irregular menstruation or amenorrhea.
Ingredients: Taoren (Persicae Semen), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 liang); Mengchong (Blatta Orientalis, stir-fried until black, 0.5 liang); Jing Puxiao (Pure Mirabilite) (1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the four ingredients into a fine powder. Use 2.5 sheng of pure vinegar, slowly simmer in a silver or stone vessel until reduced to 1.5 sheng. Add Dahuang, Mengchong, and Taoren, stirring constantly. Prepare to hand-roll the pills. Add Puxiao, stir constantly again, then remove after some time. Shape into pills the size of Sophora seeds. Do not eat dinner the night before. At dawn (Wu Geng), swallow 5 pills with warm wine. By noon, discharge fluid resembling red bean juice, or substances resembling chicken liver or toad shapes. If not discharged, take another dose. Stop if fresh blood appears, and subsequently tonify with Qi and Blood regulating medicines.
Pan Cong San (Twisted Scallion Powder): Treats women with Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold, Qi stagnation and failure to move, attacking and stabbing the heart and abdomen, pain radiating to the chest, diaphragm, hypochondria, ribs, Bladder, Xiao Chang hernia, and blood-Qi Qin-Zha. (Formula see Qi Men section.)
Chanshanjia San (Pangolin Scale Powder): Treats women's Qin-Zha痞块 (palpable abdominal masses), as well as evil blood attacking the Heart, pain in the hypochondria and abdomen, pale facial complexion, and emaciated limbs.
Ingredients: Chanshanjia (Manis Squama, calcined with ash until dry), Biejia (Trionycis Carapax, stir-fried with vinegar), Chishao Yao (Red Peony Root), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried), Ganxi (Dry Lacquer, stir-fried until smoke ceases), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig) (each 1 liang); Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos, stir-fried with vinegar), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (each 0.5 liang); Shexiang (Musk) (1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, mix evenly with Shexiang. Take 1 qian each time, administered with hot wine, at any time.
Peng Ezhu Wan (Curcuma Pill): Treats women's Qin-Zha痞块 (palpable abdominal masses), painful obstruction in the abdomen and hypochondria, causing emaciation and loss of appetite.
Ingredients: Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma) (0.5 liang); Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig), Chishao Yao (Red Peony Root), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Kunbu (Sargassum Herba), Hupo (Amber) (each 3 qian); Taoren (Persicae Semen), Biejia (Trionycis Carapax), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 20 pills each time, before meals, washed down with rice drink.
(From *Xuanqi Fang*) San Leng Jian (Spiny Echinodocus Decoction/Paste): Treats women's blood stasis, Xue Zha (blood masses), food retention, and phlegm stagnation.
Ingredients: San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma), Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma) (each 2 liang); Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fried) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Boil in 6 sheng of good vinegar until dry. Dry and grind into a fine powder. Make pills with vinegar paste, the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills each time, up to 50 pills, washed down with light vinegar water. For phlegm retention, wash down with ginger water.