王节斋曰∶近有为温针者,灸火之时,针其穴,谓之温针。古人针则不灸,灸则不
针。夫针而且灸,灸而且针,此后人俗法也。此法行于山野鄙人,或无损;若行于富贵
之人,肌肤不任者,危害出于顷刻,其为终身
之害也有矣。
《素问》遗篇注云∶用圆利针、长针,未刺时,先含口内温针,暖而用之。又曰∶亳针
于人,近体暖针至温方刺。凡暖针刺人经络,气得暖而易行也。
《金针赋》云∶其或晕针者,神气虚也,以针补之,以袖掩之;口鼻气回,热汤与
之。略停少顷,根据前再施。
《指微赋》云∶医人深明气血往来,取穴部分不差,补泻得宜,必无晕针昏倒之患。
或慌忙之际,畏刺之人多感此。壮者气行自已,怯者当速救疗。假令针肝经,感气晕,以
补肝经,合曲泉穴之络,假令针肝络,血晕,以补本经曲泉穴之经,针入复苏,效如起生。
余皆仿此。刘宗浓曰∶晕针者,夺命穴救之,男左女右取之。不回,却再取右,女亦然。
此穴正在手膊上侧筋骨陷中虾蟆儿上,自肩至肘,正在当中。
《济生拔萃》云∶有随针而卒者何?曰∶一则不知刺禁,如刺中心一日死之类也;
二则不明脉候,如下利,其脉忽大者死之类。凡针灸者,先须审详脉候,观察病证,然后知
其刺禁,其经络穴道,远近气候,息数深浅分寸。
王节斋说:近来有人使用温针,即在施灸的同时针刺穴位,称之为温针。古人针灸是分开的,只针不灸,或只灸不针。既针又灸、且灸且针的做法,是后人的世俗方法。这种方法在乡野平民中施行,或许没有损害;但如果用在富贵人家那些肌肤娇嫩不耐受的人身上,危害会在顷刻间发生,甚至造成终身的伤害。
《素问》遗篇注中说:使用圆利针、长针时,在未针刺之前,先将其含在口中用体温温热,变暖后再使用。又说:毫针用于人体,需贴近身体将针加热至温暖程度后再进行针刺。凡是暖针刺入经络,阳气得到温热而容易运行。
《金针赋》说:如果出现晕针现象,是因为神气虚弱,应当用补法针刺,并用袖子遮挡患者;待口鼻气息恢复,给予热汤饮用。稍停片刻后,再按之前的方法施治。
《指微赋》说:医生如果深刻明白气血的往来规律,取穴部位准确无误,补泻手法得当,必定不会有晕针昏倒的祸患。或者在慌忙之际,因害怕针刺的人多会感受此症。体质壮实者,气机运行自然恢复;体质怯弱者应当迅速救治。假如针刺肝经,因感气而晕,应补肝经,配合曲泉穴的络脉;假如针刺肝络,因血而晕,应补本经曲泉穴的经脉,针入后患者复苏,疗效如同起死回生。其余情况都仿照此例。刘宗浓说:晕针者,可用夺命穴急救,男性取左侧,女性取右侧。若未见效,再取右侧,女性亦然。此穴位于手臂上侧筋骨凹陷处,虾蟆骨上方,从肩到肘的正中间。
《济生拔萃》说:为什么会有随着针刺而突然死亡的?回答说:一是不懂刺禁,比如刺中心脏一天后死亡之类;二是不明脉候,比如下利(腹泻),脉搏忽然变大则死亡之类。凡是用针灸的,必须先详细审查脉候,观察病证,然后才知道刺禁,以及经络穴道的远近、气候、呼吸次数、深浅分寸等。
Wang Jiezhai stated: Recently, some practitioners use "warm needle" therapy, which involves moxibustion while needling the acupoint, termed warm needle. In ancient times, acupuncture and moxibustion were performed separately; one would needle without moxibustion, or moxa without needling. The practice of combining both needle and moxa, or alternating them, is a secular method of later generations. This method may cause no harm when applied to commoners in rural areas; however, if applied to wealthy individuals with delicate skin that cannot tolerate it, harm may occur within moments, potentially causing lifelong injury.
The commentary on the lost chapters of *Suwen* states: When using Yuanli Needle (Round-Sharp Needle) or Chang Needle (Long Needle), before needling, hold the needle in the mouth to warm it, and use it only after it becomes warm. It further states: For Haon Needle (Fine Needle) used on the human body, heat the needle close to the body until warm before inserting. Generally, when warm needles are inserted into meridians, Qi flows easily due to the warmth.
*Jinzhen Fu* (Ode to the Golden Needle) states: If syncope occurs during needling, it is due to deficiency of Shen Qi (Spiritual Qi). Apply tonification technique, cover the patient with a sleeve, wait for breath to return at the nose and mouth, and provide hot soup. After a brief pause, repeat the treatment as previously indicated.
*Zhiwei Fu* (Ode to Subtle Principles) states: If a physician thoroughly understands the flow of Qi and Blood, selects acupoints accurately, and applies tonification and sedation techniques appropriately, there will certainly be no risk of syncope or fainting. However, in hurried situations, those who fear needling are more prone to this condition. Robust individuals will recover spontaneously as Qi circulates; timid individuals require immediate rescue. For instance, if needling the Liver Meridian causes syncope due to Qi disturbance, tonify the Liver Meridian and connect to the Luo-connecting point Ququan (LR8); if needling the Liver Collateral causes syncope due to Blood disturbance, tonify the Jing-River point Ququan (LR8) of the same meridian. Upon insertion, the patient revives, with efficacy akin to raising the dead from life. Other cases should follow this pattern. Liu Zongnong stated: For syncope during needling, rescue using Duoming Acupoint (Extra Point), selecting the left side for males and the right side for females. If ineffective, switch to the opposite side, similarly for females. This point is located in the depression between the tendons and bones on the lateral aspect of the forearm, above the thenar eminence (referred to as "toad bone"), exactly midway from the shoulder to the elbow.
*Jisheng Bacui* states: Why does sudden death sometimes occur immediately following needling? The answer is twofold: First, ignorance of contraindications, such as needling the heart leading to death within a day; second, failure to understand pulse signs, such as diarrhea accompanied by a suddenly large pulse indicating death. In all acupuncture and moxibustion practices, one must first carefully examine the pulse signs and observe the disease manifestations, thereby understanding the contraindications, the proximity and distance of meridians and acupoints, climatic factors, respiration rates, and the depth and measurement of insertion.