丹溪曰∶疟有暑有风有湿有痰有食积，久而发者为老疟，不已者为疟母。风暑之疟，多因
夏月在风凉处歇，遂闭汗不能得泄，暑舍于内，故大法当汗之。疟而恶饮食者，必自饮食上
得之，当用青皮汤之类是也。三日一发者，受病一年；间日一发者，受病半年；一日一发者，受
病一月；连发二日住一日者，气血俱病，俗名脾寒，乃因名而速其实也。苟因饮食而得之，
未必是寒，况其他乎？
《要略》曰∶疟脉自弦。弦数多热，弦迟多寒。弦而小紧者下之瘥，弦迟者宜温，弦紧者宜
发汗针灸，浮大者可吐之。弦数者风发也，以饮食消息止之。
《肺经》曰∶疟脉自弦。微则为虚，代散则死。疟脉弦大者吐之，不愈须再吐之。凡弦而大
者为疟脉。若虚濡而数者非疟也，乃阴虚证耳。每日午后恶寒发热，至晓亦得微汗而解。此皆似
疟而非疟。
疟疾多因风寒暑湿而得之，乃天之邪气所伤，当以汗解。故仲景河间悉用发表之药，但
以寒热多少，分经络而治。
傅氏云∶疟系外邪，当以汗解，或汗不得出，郁而成痰。宜养胃化痰发汗，邪气得出，自
然和也。
疟无汗，要有汗，发散邪为主，带补。有汗，要无汗，扶正气为主，带散。（无汗，以升麻、
葛根、川芎、苍术、柴胡之属；有汗，以当归、芍药、参、 、黄柏之属调之。）
朱丹溪说：疟疾有因暑邪、风邪、湿邪、痰饮、食积引起的，发作日久不愈的称为老疟，形成结块的称为疟母。由风邪和暑邪引起的疟疾，多是因为夏天在阴凉处休息，导致汗液闭塞无法排出，暑邪留在体内，所以治疗大法应当采用发汗的方法。疟疾如果伴有厌恶饮食的症状，一定是从饮食上得的病，应当使用青皮汤之类的方剂。每隔三天发作一次的，说明受病时间长达一年；每隔一天发作一次的，说明受病时间为半年；每天发作一次的，说明受病时间为一个月；连续发作两天停一天的，是气血都受了病，俗称脾寒，这是根据名称而加速了其实际病情的判断。如果是因饮食不当而得的，未必是寒证，何况其他情况呢？
《金匮要略》说：疟疾的脉象自然呈现弦脉。弦数脉表示热盛，弦迟脉表示寒盛。脉象弦而小紧的，用泻下法可以痊愈；脉象弦迟的，适宜用温法；脉象弦紧的，适宜用发汗法和针灸；脉象浮大的，可以用吐法。脉象弦数的，属于风邪引发的发热，可以通过调整饮食来止住它。
《肺经》（注：此处指代相关医籍或理论）说：疟疾的脉象自然呈现弦脉。脉微表示正气虚弱，脉代且散乱则预后不良主死。疟疾病人若脉象弦大，应用吐法，如果不愈需要再次使用吐法。凡是脉象弦大的都是疟疾的脉象。如果脉象虚软濡弱且数，就不是疟疾，而是阴虚证罢了。这类病症表现为每天午后恶寒发热，直到天亮也能微微出汗而缓解。这些都像是疟疾但并非疟疾。
疟疾多因风寒暑湿引起，是由于天之邪气受伤所致，应当通过发汗来解除。所以张仲景和刘河间都使用发表的药物，只是根据寒热的多少，区分经络进行治疗。
傅氏说：疟疾属于外邪，应当通过发汗解除，如果汗不得出，郁结而成痰。应当养胃化痰并促进发汗，邪气得出，身体自然调和。（无汗时，用升麻、葛根、川芎、苍术、柴胡等药物；有汗时，用当归、芍药、人参、[缺字]、黄柏等药物调理。）
Zhu Danxi stated: Malaria (Nüe) can be caused by Summerheat (Shu), Wind (Feng), Dampness (Shi), Phlegm (Tan), or Food Stagnation (Shi Ji). When it persists for a long time, it is called Old Malaria (Lao Nüe); when it forms a mass, it is called Malaria Mother (Nüe Mu). For malaria caused by Wind and Summerheat, it is often due to resting in cool places during summer, causing sweat to be closed and unable to excrete, leaving Summerheat inside. Therefore, the general principle of treatment should be diaphoresis (Han Zhi). If malaria is accompanied by aversion to food and drink, it must have originated from dietary issues, and formulas such as Qingpi Tang (Green Peel Decoction) should be used. A pattern occurring every three days indicates the disease has been present for one year; a pattern occurring every other day indicates half a year; daily occurrence indicates one month; two consecutive days of occurrence followed by one day of rest indicates that both Qi and Blood are diseased, commonly known as Spleen Cold (Pi Han), which accelerates the actual pathology based on its name. If contracted due to diet, it may not necessarily be Cold, let alone other causes.
The *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) states: The pulse of malaria is naturally wiry (Xian). A wiry and rapid (Shu) pulse indicates excess Heat; a wiry and slow (Chi) pulse indicates excess Cold. A wiry and small-tight (Xiao Jin) pulse can be treated with purgation (Xia) for recovery; a wiry and slow pulse is suitable for warming methods; a wiry and tight pulse is suitable for diaphoresis and acupuncture/moxibustion; a floating and large pulse can be treated with emesis (Tu). A wiry and rapid pulse indicates wind-induced fever, which can be stopped by adjusting diet.
The *Fei Jing* (Lung Meridian text/theory) states: The pulse of malaria is naturally wiry. A faint (Wei) pulse indicates deficiency; a intermittent (Dai) and scattered (San) pulse indicates death. For malaria with a wiry and large pulse, emesis should be used; if not cured, repeat emesis. Any wiry and large pulse is characteristic of malaria. However, a deficient, soft, damp, and rapid pulse is not malaria but rather Yin Deficiency (Yin Xu). This condition manifests as aversion to cold and fever starting in the afternoon, resolving with slight sweating by dawn. These conditions resemble malaria but are not malaria.
Malaria is mostly caused by Wind, Cold, Summerheat, and Dampness, resulting from injury by pathogenic factors of Heaven. It should be resolved through diaphoresis. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing and Liu Hejian all use exterior-releasing herbs, differentiating treatment by meridians based on the degree of cold and heat.
Fu Shi said: Malaria is an external pathogen and should be resolved through diaphoresis. If sweat cannot be produced, stagnation leads to Phlegm. One should nourish the Stomach, resolve Phlegm, and promote diaphoresis; once the pathogen exits, harmony will naturally return. (For no sweat, use herbs such as Shengma, Gegen, Chuanxiong, Cangzhu, Chaihu; for existing sweat, regulate with herbs such as Danggui, Shaoyao, Renshen, [missing character], Huangbai.)