《三因》云∶癫痫病，皆由惊动，使脏气不平，郁而生涎，闭塞诸经，厥而乃成。或在
胎中受惊，或感风寒暑湿。或饮食不节，逆于脏腑而成。或忤气得之外，惊恐得之内，饮食
属不内外。三因不同，忤气则一。
《千金方》云∶水儿痫疾有三，曰风痫、惊痫、食痫。盖风痫缘衣暖汗出，风因入也。
初时先屈指如数，乃作痫也。惊痫起于惊怖大啼，乃作痫也。食痫先不哺乳，吐而变热，后
发痫也。然风痫、惊痫，时时有之，千个之中，未有一二。凡是先寒后热者，皆食痫也。惊
痫皆按图灸之，风痫当与猪心汤，食痫当下乃愈，紫霜丸之属是也。
《别录》有五痫之证。一曰马痫，作马嘶鸣，以马属午，手少阴君火主之，故其病生
于心。二曰羊痫，作羊叫声，以羊属未，足太阴湿土主之，应乎脾。三曰鸡痫，作鸡叫声，
以鸡属酉，足阳明燥金主之，应乎胃。四曰猪痫，作猪叫声，以猪属亥，厥阴心包主之，应乎
右肾。五曰牛痫，作牛吼声，以牛属丑，手太阴湿土主之，应乎肺。此五痫应乎五畜，五
畜应乎五脏也。发则旋晕颠倒，口眼相引，目睛上视，手足搐搦，背脊强直，食顷乃苏。各
随所感，施以治法。凡五痫证，重者多死，病作后甚者，亦多死。惟轻者，用五色丸主之。
《千金方》云∶病先身热掣 ，惊啼叫唤，后后发痫，脉浮者，为阳痫，病在六
腑，外在肌肉，犹易治也。病先身冷，不惊掣，不啼呼，而发病时脉沉者，为阴痫，病在
五脏，内在骨髓，为难治也。
《三因方》说：癫痫这一类疾病，都是由惊吓扰动引起，导致脏腑之气失调，气机郁结而生出痰涎，痰涎闭塞各种经络，气机逆乱从而发病。有的可能在母胎中受到惊吓，有的感受风寒暑湿邪气。有的因为饮食不节制，导致气机逆乱在脏腑内部形成。有的外受忤逆之气（如冲撞鬼神或意外惊吓），内由惊恐引起，饮食因素属于“不内外因”。虽然三因不同，但导致气机逆乱的结果是一致的。
《千金方》说：小儿癫痫有三种，分别是风痫、惊痫、食痫。大概风痫是因为衣服穿得太暖出汗后，风邪乘虚而入引起的。发作前最初表现为手指屈伸像数数一样，然后才发作癫痫。惊痫是由于受到惊吓恐惧大声啼哭后引发的癫痫。食痫是先出现不吃奶、呕吐并变热的症状，随后才发作癫痫。然而风痫和惊痫，时常都有发生，但在千个病例中，却找不到一两个。凡是先出现寒战随后发热的，都是食痫。惊痫都应该按照图谱进行艾灸治疗，风痫应当给予猪心汤治疗，食痫需要通过泻下才能痊愈，使用的是紫霜丸之类的方剂。
《名医别录》记载了五种癫痫的症状。第一种叫马痫，发作时发出马嘶鸣的声音，因为马对应地支中的午，手少阴心经的君火主管它，所以这种病生于心脏。第二种叫羊痫，发作时发出羊叫声，因为羊对应地支中的未，足太阴脾经的湿土主管它，对应脾脏。第三种叫鸡痫，发作时发出鸡叫声，因为鸡对应地支中的酉，足阳明胃经的燥金主管它，对应胃腑。第四种叫猪痫，发作时发出猪叫声，因为猪对应地支中的亥，厥阴心包络主管它，对应右肾。第五种叫牛痫，发作时发出牛吼声，因为牛对应地支中的丑，手太阴肺经的湿土主管它，对应肺脏。这五种癫痫对应五种牲畜，五种牲畜又对应五脏。发作时会出现头晕目眩、身体颠倒，口眼歪斜牵引，眼球上翻，手足抽搐痉挛，背部脊柱强直，大约一顿饭的时间后才苏醒。各自根据所感的病因，施以相应的治疗方法。大凡五痫证候，病情严重的多数死亡，病发后症状加重的，也多数死亡。只有病情较轻的，使用五色丸为主进行治疗。
《千金方》说：如果病人先出现身体发热、肢体抽搐、惊叫啼哭，随后发作癫痫，脉象浮的，称为阳痫，病位在六腑，病势外在肌肉层面，还比较容易治疗。如果病人先出现身体发冷，没有惊搐，也不啼叫呼喊，而在发病时脉象沉的，称为阴痫，病位在五脏，病势内在骨髓层面，属于难治之症。
According to *San Yin Fang* (Treatise on the Three Causes), epilepsy is caused by shock and agitation, which disrupts the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs. The stagnation generates phlegm-fluids (Tan-Yin), which block various meridians, leading to rebellious Qi and the onset of the disease. It may result from shock received in the womb, or from contracting Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, or Dampness. It may also arise from irregular diet causing rebellious Qi within the Zang-Fu organs. External causes include "Wu Qi" (offending Qi, such as sudden fright or collision with unseen forces), while internal causes involve fright and fear; dietary factors belong to the category of "neither internal nor external." Although the three causes differ, they all lead to rebellious Qi.
According to *Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies), infantile epilepsy has three types: Feng Xian (Wind Epilepsy), Jing Xian (Fright Epilepsy), and Shi Xian (Food Epilepsy). Feng Xian occurs when clothing is too warm, causing sweating, after which Wind pathogen enters. Initially, the fingers may flex and extend as if counting, followed by the epileptic seizure. Jing Xian arises from fright, terror, and loud crying, leading to epilepsy. Shi Xian begins with refusal to nurse, vomiting, and subsequent fever, before the epileptic seizure occurs. However, while Feng Xian and Jing Xian occur frequently, among a thousand cases, one might not find even one or two. Any case presenting with chills first followed by fever is classified as Shi Xian. For Jing Xian, moxibustion should be applied according to diagrams; for Feng Xian, Zhu Xin Tang (Pig Heart Decoction) should be administered; for Shi Xian, purgation is required for recovery, using formulas such as Zi Shuang Wan (Purple Frost Pill).
*Bie Lu* (Additional Records) describes five types of epilepsy. The first is Ma Xian (Horse Epilepsy), characterized by sounds resembling horse neighing. Since Horse corresponds to Wu (noon) and is governed by the Ministerial Fire of the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian, this disease originates in the Heart. The second is Yang Xian (Sheep Epilepsy), characterized by bleating sounds. Since Sheep corresponds to Wei (sheep month) and is governed by the Damp Earth of the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, it corresponds to the Spleen. The third is Ji Xian (Chicken Epilepsy), characterized by crowing sounds. Since Chicken corresponds to You (rooster hour) and is governed by the Dry Metal of the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, it corresponds to the Stomach. The fourth is Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy), characterized by grunting sounds. Since Pig corresponds to Hai (pig hour) and is governed by the Jueyin Pericardium, it corresponds to the Right Kidney. The fifth is Niu Xian (Ox Epilepsy), characterized by bellowing sounds. Since Ox corresponds to Chou (ox month) and is governed by the Damp Earth of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, it corresponds to the Lung. These five epilepsies correspond to the five animals, which in turn correspond to the five Zang organs. During an attack, symptoms include dizziness and vertigo, body inversion, pulling of the mouth and eyes, upward deviation of the eyeballs, spasms and convulsions of the hands and feet, and rigidity of the back and spine. The patient recovers after approximately the time it takes to eat a meal. Treatment is applied according to the specific cause. Generally, severe cases of the five epilepsies often result in death, as do cases where symptoms worsen after onset. Only mild cases are treated primarily with Wu Se Wan (Five-Color Pill).
According to *Qian Jin Fang*, if the patient first presents with body heat, twitching, frightened cries, and calls, followed by epilepsy, and the pulse is floating, it is called Yang Xian (Yang Epilepsy). The pathology is in the Six Fu Organs, located externally in the muscles, and is relatively easy to treat. If the patient first presents with cold body, without twitching or crying/calling, and the pulse is deep during the attack, it is called Yin Xian (Yin Epilepsy). The pathology is in the Five Zang Organs, located internally in the bone marrow, and is difficult to treat.