经云∶风为百病之长,善行而数变。又曰∶伤于风者,上先受之。又曰∶虚邪贼风,
阳先受之。
陈无择云∶经曰春伤于风,乃四时之序也。风循经络,以日传变,与伤寒无异。但寒泣
血,故无汗恶寒;风散气,故有汗恶风,为不同。仲景太阳经分伤寒、伤风不同,后人纂
集不分门类,但以风、寒、暑、湿、时气、瘟疫,凡太阳病皆谓之伤寒。今立伤风一门,分
别无混。
风为天地浩荡之气,四时八风之变,未尝无也。间有伤者,皆因不能法道清净,腠理
不密,表上阳虚所致,一因也。有挟虚痰热,其气拂郁,风邪易于外束,二因也。经曰∶清净
则内腠闭拒,虽有大风苛毒,弗之能害是也。
若表虚受风,专行发散之药,必致汗多亡阳。若内挟痰热而伤风者,宜内外交治,不可专
以解表。腠理疏
泄,不觉易感者耳。固卫气,兼散风邪,如桂枝汤之属是也。
足太阳膀胱经,桂枝汤。足阳明胃经,杏子汤。足少阳胆经,柴胡加桂汤。足太
阴脾经,桂枝芍药汤。足少阴肾经,桂附汤。足厥阴肝经,八物汤。
前方皆以桂枝汤三味加以各经药,皆是立温解散之剂。
(仲景)桂枝汤 治太阳经伤风自汗。
桂枝 芍药(各二钱) 甘草(一钱)
上水二盏,姜三片、枣一枚煎服。
桂枝芍药汤、柴胡加桂汤、杏子汤、桂附汤(以上四方见伤寒门)
八物汤(见虚损门)
《黄帝内经》说:风是各种疾病的先导,善于游走且变化迅速。又说:被风邪所伤,人体上部先受邪。又说:虚邪贼风,阳分先受邪。
陈无择说:经文中提到“春季伤于风”,这是顺应四时顺序的规律。风邪沿着经络传播,每日发生传变,与伤寒没有不同。只是寒邪使血液凝涩,所以无汗且恶寒;风邪耗散卫气,所以有汗且恶风,这是两者的不同之处。张仲景在太阳经中区分了伤寒和伤风的不同,但后人编纂医书时不分门类,凡是太阳病都统称为伤寒。现在设立“伤风”这一门类,分别论述,不再混淆。
风是天地间浩荡之气,四季八风的变幻,从未停止过。偶尔有人受伤,都是因为不能遵循清静之道,导致腠理不致密,体表阳气虚弱所致,这是一方面原因。另一种原因是体内夹杂虚痰热,气机拂郁,风邪容易从外部束缚,这是第二方面原因。经文说:“保持清静则内部腠理闭拒,即使有大风苛毒,也不能伤害人体”,说的就是这个道理。
如果是表虚受风,专门使用发散的药物,必然会导致出汗过多而亡失阳气。如果是内挟痰热而伤风者,应当内外兼治,不可单纯使用解表法。腠理疏泄,不知不觉容易感受外邪罢了。应当固护卫气,兼以疏散风邪,如桂枝汤之类的方剂就是这样的。
足太阳膀胱经,用桂枝汤。足阳明胃经,用杏子汤。足少阳胆经,用柴胡加桂汤。足太阴脾经,用桂枝芍药汤。足少阴肾经,用桂附汤。足厥阴肝经,用八物汤。
上述前方都是以桂枝汤的三味药为基础,加上各经对应的药物,都是确立为温解散邪的方剂。
《豚经》说:脉象浮而大的属于风邪。《权舆》说:脉象浮缓且伴有鼻塞的是伤风。
(张仲景)桂枝汤 治疗太阳经伤风自汗。
桂枝 芍药(各二钱) 甘草(一钱)
以上用水两盏,加入生姜三片、大枣一枚煎服。
桂枝芍药汤、柴胡加桂汤、杏子汤、桂附汤(以上四方见伤寒门)
八物汤(见虚损门)
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: Wind is the chief of all diseases, characterized by its ability to move freely and change rapidly. It further states: When injured by wind, the upper part of the body is affected first. It also states: Deficient evil and thieving wind affect the Yang aspect first.
Chen Wuyue stated: The classic text mentions "injury by wind in spring," which follows the order of the four seasons. Wind follows the meridians and transmits daily, similar to cold damage (Shanghan). However, cold causes blood to congeal, resulting in anhidrosis (absence of sweating) and aversion to cold; wind disperses Qi, resulting in spontaneous sweating and aversion to wind. This constitutes their difference. Zhang Zhongjing distinguished between cold damage and wind injury within the Taiyang Meridian, but later compilers did not categorize them separately, referring to all Taiyang diseases as cold damage. Now, a separate category for "wind injury" is established to avoid confusion.
Wind is the vast energy of heaven and earth; the changes of the eight winds across the four seasons are constant. Occasional injuries occur primarily because one fails to adhere to the path of purity and stillness, leading to loose interstices (Couli) and deficiency of exterior Yang—this is the first cause. Another cause is the presence of internal deficiency-phlegm-heat, where Qi stagnates, making it easy for wind evil to bind from the exterior—this is the second cause. The classic states: "Maintaining purity and stillness closes and repels the internal interstices; even with great wind and severe toxins, harm cannot be inflicted." This refers to the aforementioned principle.
If exterior deficiency leads to wind invasion, using exclusively dispersing drugs will inevitably cause excessive sweating and loss of Yang Qi. If wind injury involves internal phlegm-heat, both interior and exterior must be treated simultaneously; relying solely on exterior resolution is inappropriate. The interstices are lax and leaky, making one susceptible to external pathogens without realizing it. One should consolidate Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) while simultaneously dispersing wind evil, such as with Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
For the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). For the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, use Xingzi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction). For the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, use Chaihu Jia Gui Tang (Bupleurum Plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction). For the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, use Guizhi Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction). For the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, use Guifu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction). For the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian, use Bawu Tang (Eight-Ingredient Decoction).
All the aforementioned formulas are based on the three ingredients of Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), added with herbs specific to each meridian, establishing them as warming and dispersing agents.
The *Tun Jing* states: A pulse that is floating and large indicates wind. The *Quanyu* states: A floating and moderate pulse accompanied by nasal congestion indicates wind injury.
(Zhang Zhongjing) Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) treats spontaneous sweating due to wind injury in the Taiyang Meridian.
Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Shaoyao (Peony Root) (each 2 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root) (1 qian).
Take two cups of water, add three slices of ginger and one jujube, decoct, and take orally.
Guizhi Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction), Chaihu Jia Gui Tang (Bupleurum Plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Xingzi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction), Guifu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) (the above four formulas are seen in the Cold Damage section).
Bawu Tang (Eight-Ingredient Decoction) (seen in the Deficiency Damage section).