微与濡、弱相类。极软而浮细曰濡；极软而沉细曰弱；极细而软，无浮沉之别者，微脉也。微与涩、
结何以别？细而短，又迟于微，来往蹇滞曰涩；细而稍大，常有曰细；细稍长，似有似无曰微。
缓与迟二脉相类。缓脉大而慢，迟脉细而衰；缓者卫有余而营
不足，迟者阴气盛而阳气衰。二诊不同，迟脉一息三至，缓脉一息四至是也。
诸脉有止者，涩、促、结、代也。脉细而迟往来难，时一止者为涩；脉来数，时一止者，为促；
脉来缓，时一止者，为结。
《脉赞》曰∶关前一分，人命之主。左为人迎，右为气口。神门
决断，在两关后。故曰人迎紧盛则伤于寒，气口紧盛则伤于食，此人迎、气口所以有内伤、外感之辨也。
左为人迎，以候天之六气，风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火之外感者也。人迎浮盛则伤风，紧盛则伤寒，虚
弱则伤暑，沉细则伤湿，虚数则伤热，皆外所因，法当表散渗泄则愈。
右为气口，以候人之七情，喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊，内伤之邪。其喜则脉散，怒则脉激，忧则脉
涩，思则脉结，悲则脉紧，恐则脉沉，惊则脉动，皆内所因。看与何部相应，即知何脏何经受
病，方乃不失病机，法当温顺以消平之。其如诊按表里，名义情状，姑如后说。但《经》所谓，神者，脉
之主；脉者，血之府；气者，神之御。脉者，气之使，长则气治，短则气病，数则烦心，大则病进。
文藻虽雅，义理难明。动静之辞；有博有约。博则二十四字，不滥丝毫；约则浮、沉、迟、数，总括纲纪，
辞理粲然。浮为风，为虚；沉为湿，为实。迟为寒，为冷；数为热，为燥。风、寒、湿、热属
于外，虚、实、冷，燥属于内，内外既分，三因须别，学人宜详观览，不可惮烦也。
微脉与濡脉、弱脉相似。极软且浮细的称为濡脉；极软且沉细的称为弱脉；极细且软，没有浮取和沉取区别的，是微脉。
微脉与涩脉、结脉如何区别？脉象细而短，比微脉更迟，往来艰涩不畅的是涩脉；脉象细而稍大，持续存在的为细脉；脉象细而稍长，似有似无的是微脉。
缓脉与迟脉相似。缓脉脉体大而跳动慢，迟脉脉体细而力量衰弱；缓脉表示卫气有余而营气不足，迟脉表示阴气盛而阳气衰。这两种脉诊不同，迟脉一呼一吸间跳动三次，缓脉一呼一吸间跳动四次。
各种脉象中有歇止现象的，是涩脉、促脉、结脉、代脉。脉象细而迟，往来困难，偶尔有一次停顿的是涩脉；脉来快速，偶尔有一次停顿的是促脉；脉来缓慢，偶尔有一次停顿的是结脉。
《脉赞》说：关前一分，是人命的根本。左手为人迎脉，右手为气口脉。神门穴位于两关之后，主决断。所以说人迎脉紧盛则感受寒邪，气口脉紧盛则饮食内伤，这就是人迎、气口所以能辨别内伤和外感的原因。
左手为人迎，用来候察天之六气，即风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火这些外感病邪。人迎脉浮盛则伤风，紧盛则伤寒，虚弱则伤暑，沉细则伤湿，虚数则伤热，都属于外因致病，治法应当用解表发散或渗湿泄热的方法才能痊愈。
右手为气口，用来候察人之七情，即喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊这些内伤邪气。喜则脉散乱，怒则脉激急，忧则脉涩滞，思则脉结聚，悲则脉紧束，恐则脉沉伏，惊则脉动跃，都属于内因致病。观察脉象与哪一部位相应，就知道哪一脏哪一经受病，这样才不会违背病机，治法应当用温顺平和的方法来消除平复它。
至于诊察表里，名义情状，姑且像下面所说的那样。但《内经》所谓，神是脉的主宰；脉是血的府库；气是神的驾驭者。脉是气的使者，脉长则气机调治，脉短则气机有病，脉数则心烦，脉大则病情进展。文辞虽然雅致，义理难以明了。描述动静言辞，有的广博有的简约。广博则有二十四字，不浪费丝毫笔墨；简约则用浮、沉、迟、数四字，总括纲纪，辞理鲜明。浮脉主风、主虚；沉脉主湿、主实。迟脉主寒、主冷；数脉主热、主燥。风、寒、湿、热属于外因，虚、实、冷、燥属于内因，内外既然区分清楚，三因也就必须辨别，学习的人应当详细观览，不可怕麻烦。
The *Wei* (Micro) pulse is similar to the *Ru* (Soggy) and *Ruo* (Weak) pulses. Extremely soft and floating-thin is called *Ru*; extremely soft and sinking-thin is called *Ruo*; extremely thin and soft, without distinction between floating and sinking, is the *Wei* pulse.
How to distinguish *Wei* from *Se* (Choppy) and *Jie* (Knotted)? Thin and short, slower than *Wei*, with difficult and stagnant coming and going is *Se*; thin and slightly large, constantly present is *Xi* (Fine); thin and slightly long, seeming to exist yet seemingly not, is *Wei*.
The *Huan* (Moderate) pulse and *Chi* (Slow) pulse are similar. The *Huan* pulse is large and slow; the *Chi* pulse is thin and weak. *Huan* indicates excess in *Wei Qi* (Defensive Qi) and deficiency in *Ying Qi* (Nutritive Qi); *Chi* indicates excess of Yin Qi and deficiency of Yang Qi. These two pulse diagnoses differ: *Chi* beats three times per respiration cycle, while *Huan* beats four times per respiration cycle.
Among various pulses, those with pauses are *Se*, *Cu* (Rapid-interrupted), *Jie*, and *Dai* (Intermittent). A pulse that is thin and slow, difficult in flow, with occasional pauses is *Se*; a pulse that comes rapidly with occasional pauses is *Cu*; a pulse that comes slowly with occasional pauses is *Jie*.
The *Mai Zan* (Pulse Eulogy) states: One fen before the Guan position is the master of human life. The left side is Renying, the right side is Qikou. Shenmen (Spirit Gate) governs decision-making, located behind both Guan positions. Thus it is said: If Renying is tight and full, it indicates injury by Cold; if Qikou is tight and full, it indicates injury by food. This is why Renying and Qikou allow for differentiation between internal injury and external contraction.
The left side, Renying, observes the Six Qi of Heaven, namely Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire—external contractions. If Renying is floating and full, it is Wind injury; if tight and full, Cold injury; if deficient and weak, Summerheat injury; if sinking and thin, Dampness injury; if deficient and rapid, Heat injury. All are external causes, and the treatment method should be dispersing via the exterior or leaching out dampness to achieve cure.
The right side, Qikou, observes the Seven Emotions of Humans: Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, and Fright—internal injury pathogens. Joy makes the pulse scattered; Anger makes the pulse agitated; Worry makes the pulse choppy; Thought makes the pulse knotted; Sorrow makes the pulse tight; Fear makes the pulse sinking; Fright makes the pulse moving. All are internal causes. Observing which position corresponds allows one to know which Zang organ or Meridian is diseased, thus not missing the disease mechanism. The treatment method should be warming and smoothing to eliminate and pacify.
Regarding the diagnosis of Exterior and Interior, names, meanings, and conditions, let them be as stated below. However, the *Jing* (Classic) says: Spirit (Shen) is the master of the pulse; Pulse is the mansion of Blood; Qi is the charioteer of Shen. Pulse is the envoy of Qi. Long pulse indicates regulated Qi; Short pulse indicates Qi disease; Rapid pulse indicates vexation of the Heart; Large pulse indicates disease progression. Although the literary style is elegant, the principles are difficult to clarify. The descriptions of movement and stillness vary from extensive to concise. Extensive covers twenty-four characters without wasting a particle; Concise uses Floating, Sinking, Slow, and Rapid to summarize the guidelines, with clear rhetoric and logic. Floating indicates Wind and Deficiency; Sinking indicates Dampness and Excess. Slow indicates Cold and Chill; Rapid indicates Heat and Dryness. Wind, Cold, Dampness, and Heat belong to the Exterior; Deficiency, Excess, Cold, and Dryness belong to the Interior. Once Exterior and Interior are distinguished, the Three Causes must be differentiated. Students should examine this in detail and not shy away from trouble.