《伤寒》书有“噫气不除”句，今人以“噫”字读作“根据”字声者居多，因《四书》注∶“噫，心不平声也。”但此
噫气由中气不和，胃气上逆，与心不平声义不合。考《字典》音于介切，应读“隘”字之去声为是。
《脉诀》二十八脉内有濡脉，注云∶“与烂绵相似。”今人读作“如”字声者居多，然非濡滞之义。考《字典》“濡”
字有而、囚、如、柔、 、五音，《庄子》有“濡弱谦下为表”句，与“ ”字之义颇合，则此“濡脉”，宜读“ 脉”
为是。
痹者，闭而不通之谓也。《字典》兵糜切，音秘。今人多念作“避”字声者非。
枳壳、枳实，皆破气之品，夏月乃“热伤气”之令，二药非宜，故暑湿热三气门方中，惟阳明实满，不得不与承气
汤者间有用之，其余皆不用，此古人制方之意，若有不谋而合焉。今人未能体会，每于暑热之时任意用之，是何读古人
书而漫然未觉耶？或曰∶枳不宜于夏令，槟榔尤甚矣，余曰∶不然，夏月之邪，三焦受者居多，非槟不达，故为要药，
枳不能通三焦，故为时令之禁。
心有所乐谓之喜，何反谓其伤心哉？凡人之气，以平为期，不及者病，过者亦病。《经》曰∶“心藏神，神有余则笑
不休。”试即以“不休”二字味之，乃乐之过而失其正也。当此乐以忘忧之际，有放心而不知求其心，所藏之神不亦因之
而涣散乎？至于恐能胜喜，其义维何？盖喜为心志，恐为肾志，水能制火，既济之道也。抑更有显而易见者，人当极喜
之时，适有恐惧之事，猝然遇之，莫不反喜为忧者，惟以喜之情缓于恐，而恐之情急于喜也。是仅以水火克制之理言之，
或近傅会，而不知胜复之道本乎人情，实有没相印合者。
《伤寒论》书中有一句“噫气不除”，现在大多数人把“噫”字读作跟“根据”的“据”字同音，这是因为《四书》的注释中说：“噫，是心中不平发出的声音。”但是这种“噫气”是由于中焦之气不和，胃气上逆引起的，与心中不平的声音含义不符。考证《康熙字典》，“噫”字的注音为“于介切”，应该读作去声的“隘”字才是正确的。
《脉诀》二十八种脉象中有“濡脉”，注释说：“像烂棉花一样柔软。”现在大多数人读作跟“如”字同音，然而这并非“濡滞”的含义。考证《康熙字典》，“濡”字有而、囚、如、柔、[此处原文缺字或生僻字]五个读音，《庄子》中有“濡弱谦下为表”的句子，与[此处原文缺字或生僻字]字的含义颇为吻合，那么这里的“濡脉”，宜读作[此处原文缺字或生僻字]脉才是正确的。
痹，是指闭塞不通的意思。《康熙字典》注音为“兵糜切”，音同“秘”。现在多数人念作跟“避”字同音是不对的。
枳壳和枳实，都是破气的药物，夏季是“热伤气”的季节，这两味药并不适宜，所以在治疗暑、湿、热三气门类的方剂中，只有阳明腑实胀满，不得不使用承气汤的情况下，偶尔会用到它们，其余情况都不使用，这是古人制定方剂的用意，似乎有不谋而合的地方。现在的人不能体会这一点，往往在暑热的时候任意使用它，这是什么原因呢？读书时马虎大意没有察觉吗？有人说：枳实不适合在夏令使用，槟榔更是如此。我说：不对。夏季的邪气，大多侵犯三焦，非槟榔不能通达，所以槟榔是重要药物；枳实不能通利三焦，所以被列为时令禁忌。
心里有所快乐叫做喜，为什么反而说它伤害心脏呢？凡是人的气，以平和为标准，气不足就会生病，气过盛也会生病。《内经》说：“心藏神，神有余就会笑个不停。”试着品味“不休”这两个字，就是快乐过度而失去了中正。正当快乐得忘记忧愁的时候，如果放任心神而不加收敛，所藏的神岂不会因此涣散吗？至于恐惧能克制喜悦，其中的道理是什么呢？喜悦属于心的情志，恐惧属于肾的情志，水能制约火，这是水火既济的道理。还有更显而易见的是，人在极度高兴的时候，恰好遇到令人恐惧的事情，突然遭遇这种情况，没有不转喜为忧的，只是因为喜悦的情绪舒缓，而恐惧的情绪急切。如果仅仅用水火克制的原理来解释，或许接近牵强附会，却不知道胜复之道本乎人情，实际上有着相互印合的地方。
The *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) contains the phrase "intractable belching" (Yi Qi). Currently, most people pronounce the character "Yi" with the same sound as "Ju" in "Genju" (according to), because the commentary on the *Four Books* states: "Yi is the sound of a heart that is not at peace." However, this "belching" arises from disharmony of the Middle Qi and rebellion of Stomach Qi, which does not align with the meaning of a sound made by an unsettled mind. Consulting the *Kangxi Dictionary*, the phonetic notation for "Yi" is "Yu Jie Qie," indicating it should be pronounced with the departing tone (Qu Sheng) of the character "Ai" (narrow/pass). This is correct.
In the *Mai Jue* (Pulse Rhymes), among the twenty-eight pulse types, there is the "Ru Pulse" (Deficient/Soft Pulse), annotated as: "Resembling rotten cotton." Currently, most people pronounce it with the same sound as "Ru" (like/as), yet this does not convey the meaning of "Ru Zhi" (stagnation/dampness). Consulting the *Kangxi Dictionary*, the character "Ru" has five pronunciations: Er, Qiu, Ru, Rou, and [Missing Character]. The *Zhuangzi* contains the sentence "Ru Ruo Qian Xia Wei Biao" (Being soft, weak, humble, and yielding serves as the exterior), which aligns well with the meaning of the [Missing Character]. Therefore, regarding this "Ru Pulse," it is appropriate to pronounce it as the [Missing Character] Pulse.
Bi (Obstruction Syndrome) refers to blockage and lack of free flow. The *Kangxi Dictionary* provides the phonetic notation "Bing Mi Qie," with the sound "Mi" (secret/still). It is incorrect for most people today to pronounce it with the same sound as "Bi" (avoid).
Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus) and Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) are both substances that break Qi. Summer is the season where "heat injures Qi," so these two medicines are not suitable. Therefore, in formulas for門 (categories) dealing with summer-heat, dampness, and heat, they are used only occasionally when Yangming excess-fullness necessitates the use of Chengqi Tang (Gastrointestinal Releasing Decoction); in all other cases, they are not used. This reflects the intent of the ancients in formulating prescriptions, appearing almost coincidental. Modern practitioners fail to comprehend this, often using them arbitrarily during hot weather. What is the reason for this? Is it due to careless reading without realization? Some say: Zhi Shi is unsuitable for summer; Bin Lang (Areca Seed) is even more so. I reply: Not so. Pathogens in summer mostly affect the Sanjiao (Triple Burner); only Bin Lang can penetrate and reach them, making it an essential medicine. Zhi Shi cannot unblock the Sanjiao, hence it is prohibited in this season.
Joy arising from contentment is called Xi (Joy/Happiness). Why is it said to damage the Heart? Generally, human Qi aims for balance; deficiency causes disease, and excess also causes disease. The *Jing* (Classic, referring to *Huangdi Neijing*) states: "The Heart stores Shen (Spirit); if Shen is in excess, laughter will not cease." Consider the two characters "Bu Xiu" (not ceasing); this indicates joy that has exceeded moderation and lost its rectitude. At this moment of forgetting worries through joy, if one lets the mind wander without seeking to retrieve the Heart's essence, will not the stored Shen become scattered? As for why Fear (Kong) can overcome Joy (Xi), what is the rationale? Joy belongs to the Heart's emotional expression, while Fear belongs to the Kidney's emotional expression. Water controls Fire, which is the principle of Mutual Overcoming and Balance (Ji Ji). Furthermore, there is an obvious phenomenon: when a person is extremely joyful and suddenly encounters something frightening, they invariably turn from joy to worry. This is because the emotion of joy is slow/gradual, whereas the emotion of fear is urgent/immediate. If we explain this solely through the theory of Water and Fire mutual control, it might seem like forced speculation; however, one should not realize that the way of overcoming and recovering (Sheng Fu) is rooted in human nature, and there is indeed a mutual correspondence.