论曰五聋不同,曰风聋,曰干聋,曰劳聋,曰虚聋,曰 聋,是也,肾气通于耳,足少
阴其经也,经虚受风邪,及劳伤血气,停滞津液,皆能致聋,惟所受不同,故其证各异,葛
氏所谓风聋者痛掣,干聋者生耵聍,劳聋者出黄汁,虚聋者肃肃作声, 聋者脓汁出,可不
辨哉。
治五聋鸣闹,不闻人声,出黄水,黄 汤方
黄 (锉一两半) 附子(炮裂去皮脐一两) 菖蒲(米泔浸一宿锉碎焙干一两) 磁
石(醋
淬一七遍三两) 木通(锉) 白茯苓(去黑皮) 五味子 熟干地黄(焙) 防风(去叉)
玄参
人参(各一两一分) 杜仲(去粗皮炙锉一两)
上一十二味,锉如麻豆,每服五钱匕,以水一盏半,生姜半分拍碎,大枣二枚劈破,同
煎至一盏,去滓温服,续吃羊肾粥助之,日四五服,不计时候。
治风聋,雄黄散方
雄黄(半两研) 丹砂(三分研) 丁香(一分) 桂(去粗皮一分) 干蝎(去足炒
半两) 乌
蛇(酒炙用肉半两) 硫黄(一分研) 天麻 人参(各半两) 山芋(一分) 天南星(炮
三分)
白附子(炮一分) 麝香(三分研) 槟榔(三枚煨锉) 木香(一分) 麻黄(去根节半
两)
上一十六味,捣研为散,再罗令匀,每服二钱匕,温酒调服。
治劳聋,内神丸方
熟干地黄(焙) 桂(去粗皮各一两) 山芋(一两半) 附子(炮裂去皮脐一两) 柴
胡(去
苗三分) 远志(半两去心) 胡黄连(一分) 钟乳(二两鹅管者) 鹿茸(去毛酒炙) 肉
苁蓉
(酒浸切焙各一两) 人参(三分) 白茯苓(去黑皮一分) 细辛(去苗叶半两)
上一十三味,先用甘草水煮钟乳三日,研三日了后,方捣诸药为末,却与钟乳同研二日
,用细绢罗过,炼蜜和丸,梧桐子大,每日空心,用温酒下二十丸,日再服。
治干聋生耵聍(上都挺下乃挺切耳垢也)不可出方
蚯蚓(不以多少)
上一味,取自死者,安葱叶中,面封头蒸之令熟,去面取出,捣研如泥取汁灌耳中满,
即不过数灌,即挑易出,瘥后发裹盐塞之。
治 聋有脓散方。
乌贼骨 釜底墨 龙骨 伏龙肝(各半两) 附子(一两) 禹余粮(六铢)
上六味,捣罗为细末,取皂荚子大,绵裹内耳中,日一易取瘥,不瘥者必有虫,加麝香
一豆大。
治 聋脓水不绝,宜用此方。
白矾(半两烧灰) 麻勃(一分) 木香(一分) 松脂(一分) 花烟脂(一分)
上五味,捣罗为细末,每用时,先以绵子净拭脓后,满耳填药效。
治耳聋,气塞不通,时作声,用附子方法
生附子(尖一枚削作小枣核大)
上一味,以绵裹置耳内。
论述说:五聋各不相同,分别是风聋、干聋、劳聋、虚聋和脓聋(此处原文缺字,根据后文“脓汁出”及方剂名推断为“脓聋”),说的就是这五种。肾气通达于耳,足少阴肾经是其经脉。经脉虚弱受风邪侵袭,以及劳累损伤气血,导致津液停滞,都能引起耳聋。只是因为所受病因不同,所以症状各异。葛氏所说的风聋是疼痛牵引,干聋是产生耳垢(耵聍),劳聋是流出黄色汁液,虚聋是耳朵里发出肃肃的声音,脓聋是流出脓汁,怎么能不加以辨别呢?
治疗五聋引起的耳鸣喧闹,听不见人声,流出黄水,使用黄附汤方:
黄(锉碎一两半) 附子(炮裂去皮脐一两) 菖蒲(用米泔水浸泡一夜,锉碎,焙干一两) 磁石(用醋淬炼七遍三两) 木通(锉碎) 白茯苓(去掉黑皮) 五味子 熟干地黄(焙干) 防风(去掉叉枝) 玄参 人参(各一两一分) 杜仲(去掉粗皮,炙烤后锉碎一两)
以上十二味药,锉得像麻豆大小,每次服用五钱匕,用水一盏半,生姜半分拍碎,大枣二枚劈破,一起煎煮至一盏,去渣温服,随后喝羊肾粥辅助,每天四五次,不限时候。
治疗风聋,使用雄黄散方:
雄黄(半两研细) 丹砂(三分研细) 丁香(一分) 桂(去掉粗皮一分) 干蝎(去掉足,炒制半两) 乌蛇(酒炙,取肉半两) 硫黄(一分研细) 天麻 人参(各半两) 山芋(一分) 天南星(炮制三分) 白附子(炮制一分) 麝香(三分研细) 槟榔(三枚煨制后锉碎) 木香(一分) 麻黄(去掉根节半两)
以上十六味药,捣碎研成散剂,再筛匀,每次服用二钱匕,用温酒调服。
治疗劳聋,使用内神丸方:
熟干地黄(焙干) 桂(去掉粗皮各一两) 山芋(一两半) 附子(炮裂去皮脐一两) 柴胡(去掉苗三分) 远志(半两去掉心) 胡黄连(一分) 钟乳(二两鹅管者) 鹿茸(去毛,酒炙) 肉苁蓉(酒浸切焙各一两) 人参(三分) 白茯苓(去掉黑皮一分) 细辛(去掉苗叶半两)
以上十三味药,先用甘草水煮钟乳三天,研细三天后,才捣碎其他药物为末,再与钟乳同研两天,用细绢筛过,炼蜜和丸,梧桐子大,每天空腹时,用温酒送下二十丸,每天两次。
治疗干聋生耳垢(上都挺下乃挺切,指耳垢也)不可挑出的方子:
蚯蚓(不限多少)
以上一味药,取自死去的蚯蚓,放在葱叶中,用面糊封住头蒸熟,去掉面取出,捣研如泥取汁灌入耳中满,不久就会脱落容易取出,痊愈后用头发包裹盐塞入耳中。
治疗脓聋有脓的散剂方:
乌贼骨 釜底墨 龙骨 伏龙肝(各半两) 附子(一两) 禹余粮(六铢)
以上六味药,捣罗为细末,取皂荚子大小,用绵裹放入耳中,每天更换一次直到痊愈,如果不愈则必有虫,加麝香一豆大。
治疗脓聋脓水不绝,宜用此方:
白矾(半两烧灰) 麻勃(一分) 木香(一分) 松脂(一分) 花烟脂(一分)
以上五味药,捣罗为细末,每次用时,先用棉签干净擦拭脓液后,满耳填药效。
It is stated that the five types of deafness are distinct: wind deafness, dry deafness, labor-induced deafness, deficiency deafness, and purulent deafness. The Qi of the Kidney connects to the ears, and the Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian is the relevant channel. When the meridian is deficient and exposed to wind pathogens, or when labor damages Qi and Blood causing stagnation of Body Fluids, all can lead to deafness. Because the etiology differs, the symptoms vary. As Ge Shi described, wind deafness presents with pain and pulling sensations; dry deafness produces earwax (cerumen); labor-induced deafness discharges yellow fluid; deficiency deafness manifests as a rustling sound in the ears; and purulent deafness involves the discharge of pus. How can these not be distinguished?
For treating the five types of deafness presenting with tinnitus, inability to hear human voices, and discharge of yellow fluid, use Huangfu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction):
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Crushed, 1.5 liang), Fuzii (Processed, skin and umbilicus removed, 1 liang), Shichangpu (Soaked overnight in rice washing water, crushed, dried, 1 liang), Cishi (Quenched in vinegar seven times, 3 liang), Tongcao (Crushed), Poria (Black skin removed), Schisandrae Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Dried), Fangfeng (Branches removed), Scrophulariae Radix, Ginseng (Each 1.1 liang), Eucommiae Cortex (Rough bark removed, processed and crushed, 1 liang).
The above twelve herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 5 qianbi. Add 1.5 zhan of water, half a fen of crushed fresh ginger, and two cracked jujubes. Simmer until reduced to one zhan, strain, and take warm. Follow with mutton kidney porridge for assistance. Take 4-5 times daily, at any time.
For treating wind deafness, use Xionghuang San (Realgar Powder):
Xionghuang (Ground, 0.5 liang), Zhusha (Ground, 3 fen), Dingxiang (1 fen), Guixin (Bark removed, 1 fen), Bianzhong (Feet removed, fried, 0.5 liang), Wushe (Fried in wine, meat only, 0.5 liang), Liuhuang (Ground, 1 fen), Tianma, Renshen (Each 0.5 liang), Shanyao (1 fen), Tiannanxing (Processed, 3 fen), Baifuzi (Processed, 1 fen), Shexiang (Ground, 3 fen), Binglang (Roasted and crushed, 3 pieces), Muxiang (1 fen), Mahuang (Roots and joints removed, 0.5 liang).
The above sixteen herbs are pounded and ground into powder, then sifted to ensure uniformity. Each dose is 2 qianbi, taken with warm wine.
For treating labor-induced deafness, use Neishen Wan (Inner Spirit Pill):
Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Dried), Guixin (Bark removed, each 1 liang), Shanyao (1.5 liang), Fuzii (Processed, skin and umbilicus removed, 1 liang), Chaihu (Sprouts removed, 3 fen), Yuanzhi (Heart removed, 0.5 liang), Huhuanglian (1 fen), Baitongshuang (White Stalactite, 2 liang, from goose tube), Lurong (Hair removed, wine-fried), Roucongrong (Wine-soaked, sliced, dried, each 1 liang), Renshen (3 fen), Poria (Black skin removed, 1 fen), Xixin (Sprouts and leaves removed, 0.5 liang).
The above thirteen herbs: First, boil Baitongshuang in licorice water for three days, grind for three days. Then pound the other herbs into powder. Mix with the ground Baitongshuang and grind together for two more days. Sift through fine silk. Mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills on an empty stomach daily with warm wine, twice a day.
For treating dry deafness with cerumen impaction (where it cannot be easily removed):
Earthworm (Any amount).
Take dead earthworms, place them inside scallion leaves, seal the ends with dough, and steam until cooked. Remove the dough, pound into a paste, extract the juice, and instill into the ear until full. Within a short time, the cerumen will detach and can be easily removed. After healing, wrap salt in hair and insert into the ear.
For treating purulent deafness with pus discharge, use this powder:
Haidaima (Cuttlefish bone), Fudimo (Soot from the pot bottom), Longgu (Dragon bone), Fulonggan (Cooked long earth), (Each 0.5 liang), Fuzii (1 liang), Yuyuliang (6 zhu).
The above six herbs are pounded and sifted into a fine powder. Form a dose the size of a soap bean seed, wrap in cotton, and insert into the ear. Change once daily until healed. If not healed, parasites may be present; add Shexiang (Musk) the size of a bean.
For treating purulent deafness with continuous pus discharge, use this formula:
Binfan (Calcined to ash, 0.5 liang), Mabo (Hemp pollen, 1 fen), Muxiang (1 fen), Songzhi (Pine resin, 1 fen), Huayanzi (Flower tobacco resin, 1 fen).
The above five herbs are pounded and sifted into a fine powder. Before use, first clean the pus with a cotton swab, then pack the ear fully with the medicine.
For treating deafness due to Qi obstruction with intermittent sounds, use this method with Fuzii:
Sheng Fuzii (Raw Aconite, tip of one piece, carved to the size of a small date pit).
Wrap the single herb in cotton and place it inside the ear.