Discussion states: The presentation of Dan Malaria (Cao Malaria, characterized by intense heat) is as described in the *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine): fever without chills. This occurs because Yin Qi (Yin energy/fluids) is exhausted first, while Yang Qi (Yang energy/heat) flares up alone. Symptoms include shortness of breath, mental restlessness and oppression, heat in the hands and feet, and a desire to vomit. This condition arises from pathogenic heat lingering within the body, with rebellious Qi rushing upward. The Middle Jiao Qi is full but cannot vent outward. Due to physical exertion causing the Cou Li (pores/skin texture) to open, Wind-Cold pathogens lodge between the skin and the muscle layers (Fen Rou), triggering the disease. Upon onset, Yang Qi becomes excessive and fails to interact with Yin, resulting in fever without chills. The pathogenic Qi stores internally in the Heart and externally in the Fen Rou, causing emaciation of muscles. It is named Dan Malaria because it involves single Yang without Yin.

Treatment for Dan Malaria with regular paroxysms, fever without chills, headache and restlessness, blackening of the whole body, constipation, and yellow-red urine. Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction):
Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhizi, peeled), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, stems removed), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, black heart removed), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, stir-fried), Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu, heart removed), Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjiesui, stems removed), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, soaked in hot water, peeled, tips and twin kernels removed, stir-fried), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, washed seven times in hot water to remove slipperiness, sliced and dried), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, rhizome head removed), Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Duhuo, rhizome head removed), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, roots and joints removed, boiled to remove foam, dried, each 0.5 liang), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin, leaves and stems removed, 1 qian).
The above fifteen ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, decocted with one sheng of water and two slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang). Boil once, then immediately strain. Take hot when fever and headache occur, preferably after meals. This formula is suitable only for malaria presenting solely with fever or initial severe fever.

Treatment for Dan Malaria with upper Jiao heat, heavy body, and jaundice. Yinchen Zhike Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Aurantii Fructus Decoction):
Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen, leaves taken), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike, pulp removed, bran-stir-fried, each 1 liang), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, cut and stir-fried, 3 qian), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, cut and slightly stir-fried), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-roasted until yellow, 0.5 liang).
The above five ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, decocted with one sheng of water until reduced to 0.6 sheng. Strain and take warm at any time.

Treatment for Dan Malaria with isolated exhaustion of Yin Qi and solo flare-up of Yang Qi, faint pulse, symptoms of shortness of breath, fullness and irritability, heat in hands and feet, desire to vomit, fever without chills, pathogenic Qi storing in the Heart and lodging in the Fen Rou, causing muscle emaciation. Baihu Jia Gui Tang (White Tiger Plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction):
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, crushed, 1 liang 6 qian), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 6 qian), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-roasted, 2 qian), Oryza Sativa (Jingmi, 0.5 he).
The above four ingredients, except Jingmi, are cut and mixed well. Decoct with one sheng of water using 5 qian bi of herbs, cooking until the rice is soft. Strain, add 3 qian bi of Cinnamomi Ramulus powder (Guimò), and decoct to obtain 4 he. Take as a single dose to induce sweating. Recovery occurs if there is initial chills followed by fever and sweating.

Treatment for Dan Malaria with fever without chills, vomiting, and inability to eat. Xiangchi Yin (Fermented Soybean Drink):
Sojae Seminis Preparatum (Chi, half he), Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Congbai, seven stalks, cut), Dichroae Radix (Changshan, 3 qian), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma, 1 liang), Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, vinegar-roasted until yellow, skirt removed), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, dried), Rehmanniae Radix Fresha (Shengdihuang, amounts unspecified in text).
The above eight ingredients are cut like hemp seeds. Use 10 qian bi per dose, soak overnight under starlight in three sheng of water. Place a knife horizontally over the medicine. In the morning, decoct to obtain 1.5 sheng. Strain and divide into two doses on an empty stomach. Severe cases may resolve within two doses.

Treatment for Dan Malaria with accumulated heat and profuse phlegm, less chills and more fever, fever without chills, irritability, and thirst. Daqing Yin (Isatis Decoction):
Isatidis Folium et Caulis (Daqing, 1 liang; true material has purple stems and leaves; non-purple is Polygalae Radix Yuanzhi and should not be used; substitute with Indigo Naturalis Qingdai if authentic is unavailable), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, vinegar-stir-fried), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao).
The above six ingredients (note: text lists fewer than six explicitly, following source structure) are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, decocted with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take warm. If Qi is abundant and heat is high, purgation is desired; stop if heat subsides slightly. Patients with chronic cold conditions over forty years old should not take this frequently even if heat signs are present.

Treatment for persistent fever in Dan Malaria. Changshan San (Dichroa Powder):
Dichroae Radix (Changshan, cut, 1 liang), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma, 3 qian), Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, skirt removed, cut, raw), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhizi, peeled, each 0.5 liang).
The above four ingredients are pounded into a fine powder. Each dose is 3 qian bi, taken before onset with warm water. Vomiting leads to recovery.

Treatment for Dan Malaria. Shixin Yin (Fermented Bean Heart Drink):
Sojae Seminis Preparatum Hearts (Shixin, 1 he), Excrement Muscae Domesticae Masculinum (Xiongshufen, fried powder, 2 liang bi), Urine Pueri Virilis (Tongzi Xiaobian, 3 sheng 5 he), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-roasted, 0.5 liang), Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, vinegar-roasted, skirt removed), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, stems removed, each 1 liang 1 qian), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhizi, peeled, 3 qian), Mume Fructus (Wumei, seven fruits, pitted), Prunus Persica Core (Taoxin, one handful), Salix Alba Core (Liuxin, one handful), Juice of Rehmanniae Radix Fresha (Shengdihuangzhi, 2 he), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 1 qian).
The above twelve ingredients. Except for mouse feces and fresh rehmannia juice/urine, finely cut the rest and soak in urine overnight. Next day, decoct to obtain 8 he. Strain, add mouse feces and rehmannia juice. Divide into three doses: one on an empty stomach, one after meals.

Treatment for severe, unresolving heat in Dan Malaria. Zhizi Tang (Gardenia Decoction):
Gardeniae Semen (Zhiziren, 1 liang), Dichroae Radix (Changshan, cut, 3 qian), Plantaginis Herba (Cheqianye, roasted dry, 0.5 liang), Oryza Sativa (Jingmi, 49 grains).
The above four ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, decocted with 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 1 sheng. Strain and take warm. One dose before onset, one dose at onset. Stop when vomiting or diarrhea occurs. If diarrhea persists, stop it with cold cooked rice.

Treatment for Dan Malaria. Shigao Tang (Gypsum Decoction):
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, crushed, 2 liang), Panicum miliaceum (Baishumi, 50 grains), Dichroae Radix (Changshan, cut, 3 qian).
The above three ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, decocted with 1.5 sheng of water and seven cut pieces of Bambusae Folium (Danzhuye) until reduced to 1 sheng. Strain and take warm on an empty stomach. One dose when onset is imminent, one dose during onset. After three doses, rest in a clean room without speaking. Resume washing and eating only after the paroxysm passes. Avoid sexual intercourse, alcohol, and wheat products for seven days. Chronic malaria usually resolves within two doses. Another variation adds fourteen Mume Fructus meats.

Treatment for Dan Malaria. Mahuang Wan (Ephedra Pill):
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, roots and joints removed, 1 liang), Dichroae Radix (Changshan, cut), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, cut and dried), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-roasted), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, raw cut, each 0.5 liang).
The above five ingredients are pounded into a fine powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take five pills with warm water. Administer before onset, twice daily. Increase dosage slightly if ineffective.

Treatment for unremitting high fever and thirst in Dan Malaria. Cheqiancao Tang (Plantago Herb Decoction):
Plantaginis Herba (Cheqiancao), Dichroae Radix (Changshan, cut), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), Sojae Seminis Preparatum (Chi, fried), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, raw, each 0.5 liang), Oryza Sativa (Baijingmi, 0.5 he).
The above six ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Use 5 qian bi per dose, soak in two sheng of water, expose overnight under stars with a small knife placed across the vessel. Decoct at the fifth watch (early morning) to obtain one sheng. Strain and divide into two warm doses: one on an empty stomach, one before onset. Vomiting will occur shortly after. Once vomiting settles, consume small amounts of gruel.

Treatment for Dan Malaria with fever without chills and incessant irritability/thirst. Changshan Yin (Dichroa Drink):
Dichroae Radix (Changshan, cut and fried, 0.5 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, cut and fried, 1 qian), Mume Fructus (Wumei, seven fruits, crushed, pitted, dried), Artemisiae Annuae Herba (Qinghao, dried, 1 qian).
The above four ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Decoct with one sheng of urine, one sheng of water, and one sheng of wine until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take on an empty stomach on the day of onset.