论曰仲景云凡自缢死,心下微温者,一日犹可活,葛氏云心下尚微温,虽久犹可活,二
家所论,必须有暖气,阴阳未尽,根本尚存,则可以救,苟非此,虽死未久,必不活也,大
抵自缢以升降出入之气暴绝不通,若解其绳有法者,固有复生之理,解失其理,体虽尚温
,不能无害,所谓救经引其足也,仲景葛氏各有辨证并解绳法,宜详审之。
凡自缢,若觉才死,徐徐抱下,其阴阳经络,虽暴壅闭,而脏腑真气,尚或未尽,所以
犹可救疗,若见其垂挂,忽遽截断其绳,则不可救,此言气已壅闭,绳忽暴断,其气虽通而
奔迸,气不能还,即不复得生,又云自缢死,旦至暮虽已冷必可活,暮至旦则难疗。谓其昼
则阳盛,其气易通也,夜则阴盛,其气难通也,又云夏则夜短又热,则易活,又云气虽已断
而心下微温,一日以上,犹可活也。盖夏时夜短于昼又热,犹应可疗,心下微温者,一日以
上犹可活,然皆徐徐抱解,不得截绳,上下安被卧之,一人以脚踏其两肩,手小挽其发,常
弦弦勿纵之,一人以手按据胸上微动之,一人摩捋臂胫屈伸之,若已僵,但渐渐强屈之,并
按其腹,如此一炊顷,气从口出,呼吸眼开,而犹引按莫置,亦勿苦劳之,须以少桂心汤,
及粥清,含与之,才令濡喉,渐渐能咽,乃稍止耳,兼令两人各以管吹其两耳,弥好,此最
善,无不活者。
论述说:张仲景曾说,凡是上吊致死的人,如果心口部位尚存微温,即使过了一天仍然可以救活。葛氏(葛洪)说,如果心口尚存微温,即使时间很久也可以救活。这两家所论述的,必须是有暖气(生命气息),阴阳之气尚未完全断绝,根本元气尚存,才可以施救;如果不是这种情况,即使死亡时间不长,也必定无法救活。大抵上吊是因为升降出入的气机突然暴绝不通,如果解绳有法度,原本就有复生的道理;如果解绳违背了原理,身体虽然尚存余温,也不能不造成损害,这就是所谓的“救经引其足”(即错误的救助反而加重伤害)。张仲景和葛氏各有辨证和解绳的方法,应当详细审察。
凡是上吊,如果感觉刚刚死亡,应慢慢将其抱下。此时人体的阴阳经络虽然突然壅塞闭阻,但脏腑的真气或许尚未完全耗尽,所以还可以救治。如果看到人悬挂着,匆忙切断绳索,则不可救治。这是说气已经壅闭,绳索突然暴断,气机虽然通畅但会奔散迸裂,气不能回归,立即就不能再生。又说,上吊致死,从早晨到晚上即使身体已冷也必定可救活;从晚上到早晨则难以治疗。这是因为白天阳气旺盛,气机容易通畅;夜晚阴气旺盛,气机难以通畅。又说夏天夜晚短且炎热,则容易救活。又说,气虽然已经断绝但心口微温,超过一天以上,仍然可以救活。大概夏季夜晚短于白天且天气炎热,按理也应该可治。对于心口微温的人,超过一天以上仍可救活,但都必须慢慢解开解救,不得直接切断绳索。将人上下安放好平卧在铺好的被褥上,一人用脚踏住患者的两肩,用手轻轻牵引头发,保持持续适度的拉力不要松懈;一人用手按压胸部并轻微活动;一人揉摩捋顺手臂和小腿,使其屈伸。如果身体已经僵硬,就渐渐强行使其屈曲,并按压腹部。这样经过一顿饭的时间,气从口中呼出,呼吸恢复,眼睛睁开,但仍需牵引按压,不要放下,也不要过分劳累患者。需用少量的桂心汤及米粥清汁,含喂给患者,刚润湿喉咙即可,渐渐能够吞咽后,才稍微停止。同时让两个人各用管子吹入患者的双耳,更好,这是最妥善的方法,没有不救活的。
Commentary states: Zhang Zhongjing said that in cases of hanging death, if the area below the heart remains slightly warm, life can still be saved even after a day. Ge Shi (Ge Hong) stated that if the area below the heart is still slightly warm, life can be saved even after a long time. The theories of these two schools imply that rescue is possible only if there is residual warmth (vital breath), indicating that Yin and Yang have not completely severed and the root Qi is still preserved. Otherwise, even if death has not occurred for long, survival is impossible. Generally, hanging causes a sudden and complete obstruction of the ascending, descending, exiting, and entering Qi mechanisms. If the rope is untied with proper technique, there is indeed a principle for revival; however, if the method is flawed, despite the body retaining some warmth, harm will inevitably occur, akin to "pulling the feet when saving someone from hanging" (i.e., improper intervention exacerbates the injury). Both Zhang Zhongjing and Ge Shi provided specific syndrome differentiation and rope-untie methods, which should be carefully examined.
In cases of hanging, if one perceives that death has just occurred, the victim should be slowly lowered. Although the Yin and Yang meridians may be suddenly congested and blocked, the True Qi of the Zang-Fu organs may not yet be entirely exhausted, thus allowing for potential treatment. However, if the rope is abruptly cut while the person is still suspended, rescue becomes impossible. This is because when Qi is already congested and the rope is suddenly severed, the Qi, though momentarily unblocked, scatters violently and cannot return, leading to immediate death. It is also stated that if hanging occurs from morning until evening, survival is likely even if the body has cooled; whereas if it occurs from evening until morning, treatment is difficult. This is because Yang Qi is abundant during the day, facilitating Qi flow, while Yin Qi dominates at night, hindering Qi circulation. Additionally, it is noted that summer nights are short and hot, making revival easier. Furthermore, even if Qi has ceased but the area below the heart remains slightly warm, survival is possible for more than a day. Generally, due to shorter nights and higher temperatures in summer, treatment should theoretically be feasible. For those with slight warmth below the heart, even after more than a day, rescue is possible, provided the rope is untied slowly rather than cut. The victim should be gently laid flat on bedding. One rescuer stands on the victim's shoulders, gently pulling the hair with constant, moderate tension without releasing; another presses on the chest and moves it slightly; a third massages and extends the arms and legs. If the body is stiff, gradually force flexion while pressing the abdomen. After approximately the time it takes to cook a meal, Qi may exit through the mouth, breathing resumes, and eyes open. Continuous traction and pressure should be maintained without letting go, avoiding excessive exertion. A small amount of Guixin Tang (Cinnamon Heart Decoction) and thin rice gruel should be given via the mouth, moistening the throat initially, and gradually allowing swallowing before stopping. Additionally, two rescuers should blow air into both ears using tubes, which is considered optimal and highly effective for ensuring survival.