雄者，有小毒。主益精气，强阴道，交接不倦，亦止精。日华子云∶晚蚕蛾壮阳事，止
泄精，尿血，暖水脏。又∶治暴风，金疮，冻疮，汤火疮。又，蚕布纸∶平。治吐血鼻洪，
肠风泻血，崩中带下，赤白痢，敷疔肿疮。又云∶蚕砂治风痹顽疾不仁、肠鸣。
味苦，平，有小毒。主心腹邪气，阴痿，益精，强志，生子，好色，补中，轻身，又疗
腰痛，下气，强阴多精。生∶生河内川谷樗树上，七月采，曝干。《唐本》注云∶此物有二
种。以五色具者为雄，良。青黑质白斑者是雌，不入药用，今出岐州。
味辛，寒，有毒。主邪气，破症坚血，痈肿阴疮，疗阴蚀疽疠，恶疮， 犬伤疮，能合
玉石。《药性论》云∶辟百邪鬼魅，涂痈肿，治热结肿。又云∶臣。杀疳虫，治鼠 恶疮。
日华子云∶冷，无毒。治犬咬及热狂，贴恶疮，解烦热。又名蟾蜍，微毒。破症结，治疳气，
癖气，治腰肾冷，并助阳气。
冷，无毒。明目，止消渴，除烦，解热毒，补妇人虚劳下血并痔 ，血崩带下，压丹
药毒。以黄连末纳之，取汁点赤眼并暗，良。烂壳粉饮下治反胃，痰饮。又云∶蚌粉∶冷，
无毒。治疳，止痢并呕逆，痈肿。醋调敷兼能制石亭脂。《食疗》云∶大寒。主大热，解酒
毒，止渴，去眼赤，动冷热气。
雄性的（蚕蛾），有小毒。主要功效是补益精气，强壮性功能，使房事不知疲倦，也能固精止遗。日华子说：晚蚕蛾能壮阳，治疗泄精、尿血，温暖下焦脏腑。又说：治疗暴风（急性风邪侵袭）、金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）、冻疮、汤火烫伤。另外，用蚕蛾制成的布纸：性平。治疗吐血、鼻出血，肠风便血，妇女崩漏及带下病，赤白痢疾，外敷治疗疔肿疮疡。又说：蚕砂治疗风痹引起的肢体麻木不仁、肠鸣。
味苦，性平，有小毒。主要治疗心腹部的邪气，阳痿，补益精气，增强意志，利于生育，改善性欲，补益中气，使人身体轻健，又能治疗腰痛，降逆气，强壮阴部并增加精液量。产地：生长在河内川谷的樗树上，七月采集，晒干。《唐本草》注解说：这种药有两种。五色俱全的是雄性，药效好。青黑色体质带有白斑的是雌性，不入药用，现在产于岐州。
味辛，性寒，有毒。主要治疗邪气，破除症瘕积聚和瘀血，治疗痈肿、阴部疮疡，治疗阴部蚀烂、疽病、麻风、恶疮、狗咬伤，能与玉石融合。《药性论》说：驱除各种邪祟鬼魅，外涂治疗痈肿，治疗热结肿痛。又说：作为臣药。杀灭疳虫，治疗鼠瘘恶疮。日华子说：性冷，无毒。治疗狗咬伤及热狂病，贴敷恶疮，解除烦热。又名蟾蜍，微毒。破除症结，治疗疳气、癖气，治疗腰肾寒冷，并能助长阳气。
性冷，无毒。明目，治疗消渴，消除烦躁，解热毒，补益妇女虚劳导致的下血以及痔疮、血崩、带下，压制丹药毒性。将黄连末纳入其中，取汁液滴入红眼或视力昏暗的眼睛，效果良好。烂壳研粉冲服治疗反胃、痰饮。又说：蚌粉：性冷，无毒。治疗疳积，止泻痢及呕吐逆气，治疗痈肿。用醋调敷兼能制约石亭脂的药性。《食疗本草》说：大寒。主治大热，解酒毒，止渴，去除眼红，引发冷热之气（此处指可能引起体内寒热失调，需辩证看待）。
The male (silkworm moth) has slight toxicity. It primarily tonifies essence and qi, strengthens sexual function, prevents fatigue during intercourse, and also consolidates the essence to stop seminal emission. Ri Hua-zi stated: The late-season silkworm moth promotes yang energy, treats seminal emission, hematuria, and warms the lower jiao organs. It is also said to treat sudden wind (acute wind pathogen invasion), metal wounds (trauma from sharp instruments), frostbite, and scalds/burns. Additionally, paper made from silkworm moths: nature is neutral. It treats hematemesis, epistaxis, intestinal wind with bloody stool, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea in women, dysentery with red and white discharge, and is applied externally for carbuncles and sores. It is also stated that silkworm feces (Can-Sha) treats wind-bi causing numbness and paralysis of limbs, and borborygmus.
It primarily treats blood-wind disease, benefits women, and treats strangling throat wind (severe sore throat with difficulty breathing).
Taste is bitter, nature is neutral, with slight toxicity. It primarily treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, impotence, tonifies essence, strengthens willpower, facilitates procreation, improves libido, tonifies the middle jiao, makes the body light and agile, treats lower back pain, directs rebellious qi downward, strengthens the yin organ, and increases semen production. Habitat: Grows on the leaves of the Ailanthus tree (Bitter Tree) in the rivers and valleys of Henei; harvested in July and dried in the sun. The commentary in *Bencao Tang* notes: There are two types of this substance. Those with complete five colors are male and have good efficacy. Those with a blue-black body and white spots are female and are not used medicinally; they are currently produced in Qizhou.
Taste is pungent, nature is cold, with toxicity. It primarily treats evil qi, breaks up masses and hard accumulations, resolves blood stasis, treats abscesses and genital sores, treats genital erosion, gangrene, leprosy, malignant sores, and dog bites; it can fuse with jade stones. *Yaoxing Lun* states: It repels various evil spirits and demons, is applied topically to treat abscesses, and treats heat-induced swelling. It is also stated as a minister herb. It kills pinworms and treats scrofula and malignant sores. Ri Hua-zi stated: Cold nature, non-toxic. Treats dog bites and manic heat, applied to malignant sores, relieves irritability and heat. Also known as Toad, slightly toxic. Breaks up masses, treats childhood malnutrition (gan syndrome), abdominal masses, treats coldness of the waist and kidneys, and assists yang energy.
Cold nature, non-toxic. Brightens the eyes, treats polydipsia (wasting-thirst), eliminates irritability, resolves heat toxins, tonifies deficiency bleeding in women due to consumptive disease, hemorrhoids, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea, and suppresses the toxicity of alchemical pills. By placing powder of Coptis chinensis (Huanglian) inside, extracting the juice, and applying it to red or dim-sighted eyes, the effect is excellent. Powdered rotten shells taken orally treat regurgitation and phlegm-fluid retention. It is also stated: Clam powder: Cold nature, non-toxic. Treats gan syndrome, stops dysentery and vomiting/regurgitation, treats abscesses. Mixed with vinegar for topical application, it can also counteract the properties of Shitingzhi. *Shiliao Bencao* states: Greatly cold. Primarily treats excessive heat, resolves alcohol toxicity, stops thirst, removes redness of the eyes, and may disturb cold and hot qi dynamics.