味苦，寒，有毒。主下气，疗脚满水肿，除风毒，利小便。《药性论》云∶使。味
有小毒。治 癖气块，利大小便，除水气虚肿，落胎。日华子云∶味苦 。得∶青木香
姜，良。取腰痛，下冷脓，泻蛊毒药，并一切气壅滞。
味甘辛，平，有小毒。主水症，又主风虚寒热，身体疮痒浮肿，尸疰恶气。叶∶主
风肿不仁，捣蒸敷之。日华子云∶治水胀腹满，又催生。敷产人手足心，产后速拭去。
疥癞亦可研敷。《海上方》∶治难产及胞衣不下。
味苦辛，有毒。主中风，除痰、麻痹，下气，破坚积，消痈肿，利胸膈，散血，堕
陈脏器云∶主金疮伤折瘀血。取根碎敷伤处。日华子云∶味辛烈，平。畏∶附子、干姜
姜。 扑损瘀血，主蛇虫咬，敷疥癣恶疮。一云∶治急中风，目瞑牙禁，小儿走马疳、
坠涎。畏∶附子、干姜。
味辛，平，有大毒。主咳逆上气，破积聚饮食，寒热水气，胁下积癖，恶疮，鼠
蚀鬼精虫毒，杀飞鸟、走兽。《药性论》云∶使。味苦辛，有毒。治痰饮，症瘕，亦
葛洪∶治心腹相连胀痛。大豆为使。恶∶麦句姜。生∶秦亭陇西。二月、八月采根，
沉水者良。
【牵牛子】味苦，性寒，有毒。主要功效为降气，治疗脚部胀满水肿，祛除风毒，通利小便。《药性论》记载：作为使药使用。味道有小毒。治疗癖气块（腹内结块），通利大小便，消除水气虚肿，具有堕胎作用。日华子记载：味苦。配伍：与青木香、生姜同用，效果良好。用于治疗腰痛，排出冷脓，泻出蛊毒药，以及一切气机壅滞之证。
【三白草】味甘、辛，性平，有小毒。主要治疗水症，又主治风虚寒热，身体疮疡瘙痒浮肿，尸疰恶气。叶：主治风肿导致的感觉麻木，捣碎后蒸熟外敷。日华子记载：治疗水胀腹满，又能催生。敷于产妇手足心，产后需迅速擦去。疥癞也可研末外敷。《海上方》记载：治疗难产及胞衣不下。
【白附子】味苦、辛，有毒。主要治疗中风，祛除痰浊、麻痹，降气，破除坚积，消散痈肿，通利胸膈，散血。陈藏器记载：主治金疮伤折瘀血。取根部捣碎外敷伤处。日华子记载：味辛烈，性平。畏忌：附子、干姜。治疗跌扑损伤瘀血，主治蛇虫咬伤，外敷疥癣恶疮。另一种说法：治疗急中风，目瞑牙关紧闭，小儿走马疳、坠涎。畏忌：附子、干姜。
【狼毒】味辛，性平，有大毒。主要治疗咳逆上气，破除积聚饮食，寒热水气，胁下积癖，恶疮，鼠蚀鬼精虫毒，杀死飞鸟、走兽。《药性论》记载：作为使药使用。味苦、辛，有毒。治疗痰饮，症瘕，也治葛洪记载的心腹相连胀痛。以大豆为使药。恶忌：麦句姜。产地：秦亭陇西。二月、八月采挖根部，沉入水中的品质优良。
【商陆】味甘、辛，性寒，有小毒。主要治疗水肿，香港脚（脚气病），通利大小便，消痰，破癖，除积聚，消疔肿。陈藏器记载：绞汁服用，令人呕吐，也主治疟疾。
[Qian Niu Zi (Pharbitidis Semen)] Bitter, cold, toxic. Primarily descends Qi, treats fullness and edema of the feet, eliminates wind-toxin, and promotes urination. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Used as a guiding herb. Slightly toxic. Treats mass formations in the abdomen (Pi Qi), promotes bowel movements, eliminates fluid retention and deficiency-type swelling, and induces abortion. Ri Hua Zi states: Bitter. Synergies: Combined with Qing Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix) and Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), it is effective. Treats lower back pain, expels cold pus, purges gu-poison drugs, and resolves all types of Qi stagnation.
[San Bai Cao (Saururi Herba)] Sweet, acrid, neutral, slightly toxic. Primarily treats water disorders; also treats wind-deficiency with alternating chills and fever, body sores, itching, edema, Shi Zhu (malaria-like illness with malignant qi). Leaves: Treat wind-induced swelling and numbness; crush, steam, and apply externally. Ri Hua Zi states: Treats abdominal distension due to water accumulation and facilitates labor. Apply to the palms and soles of postpartum women, wiping off quickly after delivery. Can also be ground and applied for scabies and tinea. *Hai Shang Fang* states: Treats difficult labor and retained placenta.
[Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma)] Bitter, acrid, toxic. Primarily treats stroke, eliminates phlegm and paralysis, descends Qi, breaks down firm accumulations, dissipates carbuncles and swellings, unblocks the chest and diaphragm, and invigorates blood. Chen Cangqi states: Treats traumatic injuries from metal weapons, fractures, and blood stasis. Crush the root and apply externally to the injured area. Ri Hua Zi states: Acrid and pungent, neutral. Antagonisms: Aconitum (Fu Zi), Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang). Treats contusions and blood stasis, snake and insect bites, and applies externally for scabies, tinea, and malignant sores. Another account: Treats acute stroke with closed eyes and locked jaw, pediatric "running horse" cancrum oris, and excessive salivation. Antagonisms: Aconitum (Fu Zi), Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang).
[Lang Du (Stellerae Radix et Rhizoma)] Acrid, neutral, highly toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, breaks down food and pathogenic accumulations, cold-heat fluid retention, hypochondriac masses, malignant sores, rat-bite toxins, ghost essence, and insect poisons; kills birds and beasts. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Used as a guiding herb. Bitter, acrid, toxic. Treats phlegm-fluid retention and zheng jia (masses); also treats heart and abdominal continuous pain as recorded by Ge Hong. Uses Soybean (Da Dou) as a guiding herb. Antagonisms: Mai Ju Jiang (Asari Radix et Rhizoma). Origin: Qinting and Longxi. Harvest roots in February and August; those that sink in water are of superior quality.
[Shang Lu (Phytolaccae Radix)] Sweet, acrid, cold, slightly toxic. Primarily treats edema, hu xiang jiao (beriberi/foot disease), promotes urination and defecation, eliminates phlegm, breaks down masses, removes accumulations, and dissipates carbuncle swellings. Chen Cangqi states: Extract juice and ingest to induce vomiting; also treats malaria.