近效极要论∶消渴旧来以为难疗。古方有黄连汤牛胆丸为胜。亦不能好瘥。自作此方
以来。服者皆瘥。服多者即吐水。岂有更渴之理。
又疗消渴麦门冬丸方。
麦门冬（五两去心） 干地黄（三两） 蜀升麻（五两） 黄芩（五两） 栝蒌（七两）
苦参（
八两） 人参（三两） 黄连（五两） 黄柏（五两）
上九味末之。以牛乳和众手捻作丸子。曝干。以饮服二十丸。日二。加至五六十丸。忌
芜荑猎肉冷水。
又方
黄连（五两） 苦参（一斤） 知母（五两） 栝蒌（二两） 麦门冬（五两去心） 牡
蛎粉（五
两熬） 人参（五两） 黄 （五两） 干地黄（五两）
上九味末之。以牛乳丸。清浆服二十丸。日二服。加至五十丸。忌猪肉冷水芜荑
近效极要论。热中虽能食多。小便多。渐消瘦方。
地骨皮（切一升） 麦门冬（三两去心） 黄连（二两） 小麦（八合） 人参（一两）
上五味切。以水九升。煮取三升八合。去滓。分为三服。间食服之。如不能多服。分作
四五服亦得。忌猪肉。
又方
人参（五两） 麦门冬（八分去心） 牡蛎粉（八分） 干地黄（十分） 知母（八分）
苦参（
二十分） 黄连（八分） 栝蒌（八分）
上八味末之。以生牛乳为丸如梧子。清浆服十五丸。日再。加至四十丸。食后服。忌芜
荑猪肉冷水。
又疗小便多或不禁方。
菟丝子（二两） 蒲黄（三两） 黄连（三两） 硝石（三两） 肉苁蓉（二两）
上五味。兼鸡 中黄皮三两为散服。服方寸匕。日三服。如行五里久。又一服未有不
瘥者。忌猪肉。（千金名九房散）
又疗小便数多不足日便一二斗。或如血色方。
麦门冬（八两去心） 蒺藜子（三两） 甘草（一两炙） 干姜（四两炮） 桂心（二
两） 干地
黄（八两） 续断（二两）
上七味切。以水一斗。煮取二升五合。分为三服。忌海藻菘菜生葱芜荑。（古今录验疗
肾消脚瘦细小便数赤色似血虚冷者）
【近效极要论】：消渴病历来被认为难以治疗。古代方剂中，黄连汤和牛胆丸效果较好，但也无法彻底治愈。自从使用本方以来，服药者皆痊愈。服用较多的人会出现呕吐清水的现象，这难道还有口渴的道理吗？
另外，治疗消渴病的麦门冬丸方：
麦门冬（五两，去心） 干地黄（三两） 蜀升麻（五两） 黄芩（五两） 栝蒌（七两）
苦参（八两） 人参（三两） 黄连（五两） 黄柏（五两）
以上九味药研成细末，用牛奶调和，用手捻制成丸子，晒干。用温水送服二十丸，每日两次，可逐渐增加至五六十丸。忌食芜荑、猎肉及冷水。
另一个方子：
黄连（五两） 苦参（一斤） 知母（五两） 栝蒌（二两） 麦门冬（五两，去心） 牡蛎粉（五两，熬制） 人参（五两） 黄芪（五两） 干地黄（五两）
以上九味药研成细末，用牛奶制成丸子，用清浆水送服二十丸，每日两次，可逐渐增加至五十丸。忌食猪肉、冷水和芜荑。
【近效极要论】：治疗热中病虽能多食、小便多且逐渐消瘦的方子：
地骨皮（切，一升） 麦门冬（三两，去心） 黄连（二两） 小麦（八合） 人参（一两）
以上五味药切碎，用水九升，煮取三升八合，去渣，分三次服用，在两餐之间服用。如果不能一次服用太多，分成四到五次服用也可以。忌食猪肉。
另一个方子：
人参（五两） 麦门冬（八分，去心） 牡蛎粉（八分） 干地黄（十分） 知母（八分）
苦参（二十分） 黄连（八分） 栝蒌（八分）
以上八味药研成细末，用生牛奶制成梧桐子大小的丸子，用清浆水送服十五丸，每日两次，可逐渐增加至四十丸，饭后服用。忌食芜荑、猪肉和冷水。
另外，治疗小便多或不禁的方子：
菟丝子（二两） 蒲黄（三两） 黄连（三两） 硝石（三两） 肉苁蓉（二两）
以上五味药，加上鸡肫中的黄皮三两，研成散剂服用。每次服用一方寸匕，每日三次。如果行走五里路后，再服用一次，没有不痊愈的。忌食猪肉。（《千金方》称为九房散）
另外，治疗小便次数多且量大，每天达到一二斗，或者尿色如血的方子：
麦门冬（八两，去心） 蒺藜子（三两） 甘草（一两，炙） 干姜（四两，炮） 桂心（二两） 干地黄（八两） 续断（二两）
以上七味药切碎，用水一斗，煮取二升五合，分三次服用。忌食海藻、白菜、生葱和芜荑。（《古今录验》治疗肾消，脚瘦小，小便频数色赤似血，属虚冷证者）
[Near-Efficacy Essential Discussion]: Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) has long been considered difficult to treat. Among ancient prescriptions, Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) and Niudan Wan (Ox Bile Pills) were superior, yet they could not achieve a complete cure. Since the adoption of this prescription, all patients who took it recovered. Those who took larger doses vomited water; under such circumstances, how could there be any sense of increased thirst?
Additionally, Maimendong Wan (Ophiopogon Pill) for treating Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome):
Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, five liang, heart removed) Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, three liang) Shushengma (Bupleuri Radix, five liang) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, five liang) Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus, seven liang)
Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, eight liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, three liang) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, five liang) Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, five liang)
The above nine herbs are powdered. Mix with ox milk and knead by hand into pills. Dry in the sun. Take twenty pills with warm water, twice daily. Gradually increase the dose to fifty or sixty pills. Avoid eating Yuanqi (Chrysanthemi Indici Fructus), game meat, and cold water.
Another prescription:
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, five liang) Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, one jin) Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, five liang) Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus, two liang) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, five liang, heart removed) Liheshi (Ostreae Concha, five liang, calcined) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, five liang) Huangqi (Astragali Radix, five liang) Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, five liang)
The above nine herbs are powdered. Form pills using ox milk. Take twenty pills with clear fermented rice liquid (Qingjiang), twice daily. Gradually increase the dose to fifty pills. Avoid pork, cold water, and Yuanqi.
[Near-Efficacy Essential Discussion]: Prescription for Re Zhong (Heat Accumulation in the Middle Jiao) characterized by polyphagia, polyuria, and gradual emaciation:
Digupi (Lycii Cortex, sliced, one sheng) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, three liang, heart removed) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, two liang) Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus, eight he) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, one liang)
The above five herbs are sliced. Boil in nine sheng of water until reduced to three sheng and eight he. Strain the dregs. Divide into three doses. Take between meals. If unable to take large amounts at once, divide into four or five doses. Avoid pork.
Another prescription:
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, five liang) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, eight fen, heart removed) Liheshi (Ostreae Concha, eight fen) Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, ten fen) Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, eight fen)
Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, twenty fen) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, eight fen) Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus, eight fen)
The above eight herbs are powdered. Form pills as large as wu zi (seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica) using raw ox milk. Take fifteen pills with clear fermented rice liquid, twice daily. Gradually increase the dose to forty pills. Take after meals. Avoid Yuanqi, pork, and cold water.
Additionally, prescription for polyuria or urinary incontinence:
Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen, two liang) Puhuang (Typhae Pollen, three liang) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, three liang) Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas, three liang) Roucongrong (Cynomorii Herba, two liang)
The above five herbs, combined with three liang of the yellow skin from the gizzard lining of a chicken (Jineijin), are powdered and taken. Each dose is one fangcun bi (a measure equivalent to a square inch spoonful). Take three times daily. If walking for about five li (a Chinese unit of distance), take another dose. There is no case that does not recover. Avoid pork. (Known as Jiufang San in Qianjin Fang)
Additionally, prescription for frequent urination with large volume, reaching one or two dou per day, or urine resembling blood color:
Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, eight liang, heart removed) Jili (Tribuli Fructus, three liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, one liang, honey-fried) Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, four liang, roasted) Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, two liang) Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, eight liang) Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix, two liang)
The above seven herbs are sliced. Boil in one dan of water until reduced to two sheng and five he. Divide into three doses. Avoid Haizao (Sargassum), Songcai (Brassica pekinensis), raw scallion, and Yuanqi. (From Gujin Lu Yan, treating Shen Xiao [Kidney Wasting], characterized by thin legs, frequent reddish urine resembling blood, due to deficiency-cold)