经言东西南北中五方人土产浓薄。居处高下。风寒暑湿。各地不同。日用谷 颇异。所以黄帝举
五方之问。岐伯进五治之功。针砭 淋灸之法。乃五方得宜之用。而今年力衰壮。五土之别。学人当
详察之。不可不备矣。
夫 妓者乃烟花路柳。人人可折。逐日交欢。罕于间隔。鸨妪易老。是精华作丧于早年。虽受男
子阳精补益。自己岂无泄漏。故云爽口。物多终作疾。快心事过易为殃。嫖客亦然。凡此之人。有疮
难愈者何也。盖精血不足。难溃难敛。必须大托大补。先禁房色。非百日不痊。岂但疮疡诸疾可忌。
养生之源。莫出于此矣。
夫肥人多湿多痰。多气虚。形体外实者多肉。内虚者属气虚。故气虚之人生疮疡故多痈。痈者壅
也。属阳在表。气虚即表虚。故多浮肿于外。皮薄色赤。宜内托之。使邪不内陷则易溃而易完。丹溪
云。肥人宜二陈汤加人参 归术金银花连翘等类治之。无出于此。学人察之。
夫瘦人多火多血虚。血虚即阴虚。阴虚即火盛。火盛即发热。筋骨瘦而不胜于寒。盖皮宽肉缓。
如生疮疡则多疽。疽者阻也。属阴。因荣血受凝注不从。正是阴滞于阳。血滞于气。则为疽也。又云疽乃五脏
之毒。痈为六腑之毒。故疽多附于骨。肉色不变。故难溃。溃而难完。治宜八珍汤中加金银花连翘附
子之类加减。妙在于不执其方。斯为上工。学人味之。
古籍中说,东、西、南、北、中五个方位的人,其土地出产的物产厚薄不同。居住环境的的高低差异,风寒暑湿等气候条件,各地各不相同。日常食用的谷物也颇有差异。所以黄帝提出了关于五方人的问题,岐伯进献了针对五方的治疗方法。针刺、砭石、淋洗、艾灸等方法,正是适应五方情况而适宜使用的疗法。如今人的体力有衰弱与强壮之分,五方土地的差异,学习中医的人应当详细考察,不可不加以完备了解。
那些妓女属于烟花柳巷之人,人人都可折辱(此处指随意对待或发生关系)。她们每日与人交合欢好,很少有时间间隔。老鸨容易衰老,这是因为她们的精华在早年就耗丧殆尽。虽然接受了男子的阳精补益,但自己难道没有泄漏吗?所以说,爽口的事物吃多了最终会致病,快乐的事情过了头容易招致灾殃。嫖客也是如此。凡是这类人,如果有疮疡很难痊愈,为什么呢?大概是因为精血不足,导致疮疡难以溃破也难以收口愈合。必须使用大剂量的托毒法和补益法,先禁止房事,不到一百天不能痊愈。岂止是疮疡各种疾病需要忌讳这一点,养生的根源,也没有超出这个范围的。
肥胖的人多湿气、多痰饮,多气虚。形体外表看似结实的是因为多肉,内在虚弱则属于气虚。所以气虚的人生疮疡时,大多患痈。痈,就是壅塞的意思。属阳证,病位在表。气虚即表虚,所以体表容易出现浮肿。皮肤薄且颜色发红。适宜采用内托法治疗,使邪气不向内陷入,则容易溃破也容易愈合。朱丹溪说,肥胖的人适宜用二陈汤加入人参、当归、白术、金银花、连翘等类药物来治疗。没有超出这个范围。学习的人要仔细考察。
瘦弱的人多火、多血虚。血虚即阴虚,阴虚则火盛,火盛则发热。筋骨瘦弱而不能抵御寒冷。大概是因为皮肤宽松、肌肉松弛。如果生了疮疡,大多患疽。疽,就是阻滞的意思。属阴证。因为营血受到凝滞灌注而不顺从,正是阴气阻滞于阳气,血液阻滞于气机,从而形成疽。又说,疽是五脏的毒邪,痈是六腑的毒邪。所以疽多附着于骨骼,肌肉颜色不变,因此难以溃破。即使溃破也难以愈合。治疗适宜在八珍汤中加入金银花、连翘、附子等类药物进行加减。奥妙之处在于不拘泥于固定的方剂,这才是高明的医生。学习的人要细细体会。
The classics state that the richness or scarcity of local products varies among people in the five directions: East, West, South, North, and Center. The elevation or depression of dwellings, as well as the wind, cold, summer heat, and dampness, differ from place to place. The daily consumption of grains also varies considerably. Therefore, Huangdi raised questions regarding the five directions, and Qibo presented the merits of treatments tailored to the five regions. Methods such as acupuncture (Zhenjiu), Bian stone therapy, washing, and moxibustion are applications suited to the conditions of the five directions. Nowadays, individuals vary in physical strength, being either weak or robust; given the differences in the five soils, students of medicine should examine these factors in detail and must not neglect them.
Prostitutes belong to the trade of flowers and willows, accessible to all. They engage in sexual intercourse daily with little interval. Pimps age easily because their essence is depleted in their early years. Although they receive nourishment from men's yang essence, do they not leak their own? Thus it is said: "Things that taste good, if eaten too much, eventually cause disease; matters that bring pleasure, if indulged excessively, easily lead to disaster." Clients are the same. Why do sores in such people often fail to heal? It is likely due to insufficiency of essence and blood, making it difficult for sores to suppurate and difficult for wounds to close. Large doses of supporting methods (Tuo Fa) and tonifying methods must be used, and sexual activity must be prohibited first; recovery takes at least a hundred days. This taboo applies not only to various sores but is also the source of health preservation.
Obese people tend to have excessive dampness and phlegm, and Qi deficiency. Those who appear solid externally have excess flesh, while those who are deficient internally suffer from Qi deficiency. Therefore, when people with Qi deficiency develop sores, they often suffer from carbuncles (Yong). A carbuncle implies obstruction. It belongs to Yang and is located on the exterior. Qi deficiency equates to exterior deficiency, leading to external edema. The skin is thin and red. Internal support (Nei Tuo) is appropriate to prevent the pathogenic factor from sinking inward, facilitating both suppuration and healing. Zhu Danxi stated that obese people should be treated with Erchen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) added with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Jin Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), etc. There is no deviation from this principle. Students should observe this carefully.
Emaciated people tend to have excessive fire and blood deficiency. Blood deficiency constitutes Yin deficiency; Yin deficiency leads to hyperactive fire; hyperactive fire causes fever. Their sinews and bones are thin and cannot withstand cold. Generally, their skin is loose and muscles flaccid. If they develop sores, they often suffer from deep abscesses (Ju). A deep abscess implies blockage. It belongs to Yin. Because Ying (Nutritive) blood becomes stagnant and does not flow smoothly, there is Yin stagnation obstructing Yang, and blood stagnation obstructing Qi, resulting in a Ju. It is further said that Ju represents toxicity of the Five Zang organs, while Yong represents toxicity of the Six Fu organs. Therefore, Ju often attaches to the bone, with unchanged muscle color, making it difficult to suppurate. Even after suppuration, it is difficult to heal. Treatment should involve Bajzhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) modified with Jin Yin Hua, Lian Qiao, Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), etc. The subtlety lies in not adhering rigidly to a fixed formula; this characterizes a skilled physician. Students should ponder this.