取脓除 用铍针,轻重疾徐在一心,皮薄针深伤好肉,肉浓针浅毒犹存。肿高且软
针四五,坚肿宜针六七分,肿平肉色全不变,此证当针寸许深。背腹肋胁生毒患,扁针斜
入始全身,欲大开口针斜出,小开直出法须遵。气虚先补针宜后,脓出证退效如神,用
在十日半月后,使毒外出不伤人。又有不宜用针处,瘿瘤冬月与骨筋。
【注】经云∶痈气之 者,当以针开除去之。又云∶铍针未如锋锐,以取大脓。故曰
取脓除 用铍针也。其轻重疾徐,自有一定,在人心度量用之,不可乱施。盖皮薄针深,反
伤好肉,肉浓针浅,毒又难出。大抵肿高而软者在肌肉,针四五分;肿下而坚者在筋脉,
针六七分;肿平肉色不变者,附于骨也,宜针寸许;若毒生背腹肋胁等处,宜扁针斜入,
以防透膜。针既透脓,视疮口必有脓意如珠,斯时欲大开口,则将针斜出;欲小开口,则
将针直出。所谓逆而夺之,顺而取之也。随以棉纸捻蘸元珠膏度之,使脓会齐,二三时
将捻取出,疮口贴太乙膏,四围敷乌龙膏。元气虚者,必先补而后针,脓一出则诸证悉退。
再者,用针自有其时,不可太早,亦不可太迟,如十日之间,疮尚坚硬,用铍针当头点
破。半月后不作脓腐者,用铍针品字样三孔开之,不问深浅,以知痛为住,随用药筒拔
法拔之。又有不宜针者,如瘿瘤、结核之类,肚脐骨节近筋之处,及冬月闭藏之时,皆在所禁也。
使用铍针(一种剑形针具,用于切开排脓)来吸取脓液并清除腐肉,进针的轻重、快慢全凭医者用心把握。如果皮肤薄而进针过深,会损伤健康组织;如果肌肉厚实而进针过浅,毒邪则难以排出。
对于肿胀高起且质地柔软的脓肿,进针深度约为四五分;对于坚硬肿胀的脓肿,适宜进针六七分;对于平塌肿胀且肤色完全不变的脓肿,此证候应当进针约一寸深。
若毒患生于背部、腹部、肋骨或胁肋部,应使用扁针斜向刺入,以保全身体内部脏器。如果想要扩大创口,针具应斜向退出;如果想要保持小创口,则应垂直退出,这种方法必须遵守。
对于气虚的患者,应先进行补益治疗,待时机成熟后再行针刺,这样脓液排出后症状消退的效果如神一般灵验。通常在发病十日或半月后使用,目的是使毒邪向外排出而不伤害人体正气。
又有不适合使用针刺的情况,如瘿瘤(甲状腺肿大等颈部肿块),以及在冬季闭藏之时和涉及骨筋的部位。
【注】经文说:“痈疽之气郁结不散,应当用针切开除去它。”又说:“铍针不如锋针锐利,是用来吸取大量脓液的。”所以说“取脓除腐用铍针”。其轻重疾徐的操作,自有定规,在于医者心中的衡量与应用,不可乱施。大概而言,皮薄而针深,反而损伤好肉;肉厚而针浅,毒邪又难排出。大抵来说,肿高而软的位于肌肉层,进针四五分;肿下而坚硬的位于筋脉层,进针六七分;肿平且肤色不变的,病位附着于骨骼,适宜进针约一寸;若毒邪生于背腹肋胁等处,宜用扁针斜入,以防穿透体膜。针既透脓,观察疮口必有脓液如珠状涌出,此时若想扩大开口,则将针斜出;想小开口,则将针直出。这就是所谓的“逆其势而夺之,顺其理而取之”。随即用棉纸捻蘸取元珠膏插入引流,使脓液排尽,两三个时辰后将纸捻取出,疮口贴上太乙膏,四周敷上乌龙膏。元气虚弱者,必须先补益而后针刺,脓液一出则各种症状全部消退。再者,用针自有其时机,不可太早,也不可太迟。如在十日之内,疮疡尚坚硬,用铍针在顶部点破。半月后若不化脓溃烂,用铍针呈“品”字形开三孔,不问深浅,以患者感到疼痛为停止标准,随后用药筒拔法拔毒。又有不宜针刺的情况,如瘿瘤、结核之类,肚脐、骨节及靠近筋腱之处,以及冬季闭藏之时,都在禁忌之列。
To extract pus and remove necrotic tissue, use the Pipian (Bīzhēn, a flat, sword-shaped needle for incision). The lightness, heaviness, speed, and slowness of insertion depend entirely on the practitioner's judgment. If the skin is thin and the needle is inserted too deeply, healthy flesh will be damaged; if the flesh is thick and the needle is inserted too shallowly, the pathogenic toxin will remain retained.
For swellings that are high and soft, insert the needle to a depth of four or five fen. For hard and swollen areas, a depth of six or seven fen is appropriate. For flat swellings with no change in skin color, this condition requires insertion to a depth of approximately one cun.
When toxic lesions occur on the back, abdomen, ribs, or hypochondrium, use a flat needle inserted obliquely to preserve internal integrity. To create a larger opening, withdraw the needle obliquely; to maintain a smaller opening, withdraw it vertically. This method must be strictly observed.
In cases of Qi deficiency, tonification should be performed first, followed by needling. When pus is discharged, symptoms recede with miraculous efficacy. Treatment is typically employed ten days to half a month after onset, aiming to expel toxins outward without harming the body's healthy Qi.
There are also contraindications for needling, such as goiter (Yingliu, neck masses), during the winter season of storage, and near bones and tendons.
[Note] The Classic states: "Where the Qi of carbuncles and sores stagnates, it should be opened and removed with a needle." It further states: "The Pipian is not as sharp as the Fengzhen (sharp needle); it is used to extract large amounts of pus." Hence, it is said, "To extract pus and remove necrosis, use the Pipian." The variations in pressure and speed have their own regulations, relying on the practitioner's mental assessment and application, and must not be applied arbitrarily. Generally speaking, deep insertion in thin skin damages healthy tissue; shallow insertion in thick flesh fails to expel toxins. Broadly, high and soft swellings reside in the muscle layer, requiring four to five fen depth; low and hard swellings reside in the sinew layer, requiring six to seven fen depth; flat swellings with unchanged skin color adhere to the bone, requiring approximately one cun depth. If toxins arise in areas like the back, abdomen, ribs, or hypochondrium, oblique insertion with a flat needle is suitable to prevent penetrating the body cavity membrane. Once the needle penetrates the pus, observe the wound opening where pus may emerge like pearls. At this time, to enlarge the opening, withdraw the needle obliquely; to keep it small, withdraw it vertically. This is referred to as "opposing the trend to seize it, following the logic to take it." Subsequently, apply cotton paper wicks dipped in Yuanzhu Ointment for drainage, ensuring complete pus evacuation. Remove the wicks after two to three shichen (4-6 hours). Apply Taiyi Paste to the wound and Wulong Ointment around the periphery. In cases of deficient Yuan Qi, tonification must precede needling; once pus is discharged, all symptoms subside. Furthermore, there is a proper timing for needling; it should not be too early nor too late. Within ten days, if the sore remains hard, use the Pipian to puncture the apex. After half a month, if suppuration and necrosis do not occur, use the Pipian to make three punctures in a triangular ("pin") pattern. Depth is irrelevant; stop when pain is felt. Follow this with the Yao Tong Ba Fa (Medicated Cylinder Extraction Method) to draw out toxins. Contraindications include goiters, tubercles, areas near the umbilicus, joints, and tendons, as well as the winter season of closure.